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Rpsc Senior Scientific Officer 2026 Free Mock Test Practice
1
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (DNA Division) Exam - Hindi150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →2
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (DNA Division) Exam - English150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →3
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Serology Division) Exam - Hindi150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →4
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Serology Division) Exam - English150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →5
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Narcotics Division) Exam - Hindi150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →6
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Narcotics Division) Exam - English150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →7
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Biology Division) Exam - Hindi150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →8
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Biology Division) Exam - English150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →9
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Chemistry Division) Exam - Hindi150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →10
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Chemistry Division) Exam - English150 questions • 150 mins • 150 marks
Free Test →Free Important Questions
Rpsc Senior Scientific Officer 2026 Exam Free Online Question Bank
Combo Offers
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Combo Packages
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 1 DNA Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
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Combo - 3 DNA Division (English)
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RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 4 DNA Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 5 Serology Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 6 Serology Division (Hindi)
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Combo - 7 Serology Division (English)
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RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
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RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 10 Narcotics Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 11 Biology Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 12 Biology Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 13 Biology Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 14 Biology Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 15 Chemistry Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 16 Chemistry Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 17 Chemistry Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 18 Chemistry Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 19 DNA Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 20 DNA Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 21 Serology Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 22 Serology Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 23 Narcotics Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 24 Narcotics Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 25 Biology Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 26 Biology Division (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 15 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 27 Chemistry Division (Hindi)
1. Online Mock Test Series in Hindi = 15 Tests.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 28 Chemistry Division (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 15 Tests.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 29 DNA Division (Hindi)
1. Online Mock Test Series in Hindi = 15 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 30 DNA Division (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 15 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 31 Serology Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 32 Serology Division (English)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 33 Narcotics Division (Hindi)
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 34 Narcotics Division (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 10 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 35 Biology Division (Hindi)
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2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 36 Biology Division (English)
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5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 37 Chemistry Division (Hindi)
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2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in Hindi.
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Combo Package
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer
Combo - 38 Chemistry Division (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 15 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
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5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
6. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Syllabus 2026, Exam Pattern
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Syllabus 2026, Exam Pattern, Exam Date 2026
Detail Information about RPSC has published notification 2026 for the recruitment of Senior Scientific Officer vacancies. Those Candidates who are Interested to the following vacancy and completed all Eligibility Criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online. In this page we provide the Complete Syllabus of this Recruitment with Latest Update Exam Pattern and the Exam Date also.
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Syllabus 2026 - Overview
| Organization Name | Rajasthan Public Service Commission (RPSC) |
| Post Name | Senior Scientific Officer |
| No of Posts | 20 |
| Application Mode | Online |
| Category | Syllabus and Exam Pattern |
| Salary | Pay Matrix Level L-15 |
| Selection Process | Written Examination |
| Job Location | Rajasthan |
| Official Website | https://rpsc.rajasthan.gov.in |
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Syllabus 2026
Concerned Subject :
1. Senior Scientific Officer (DNA Division) :
UNIT – I BIOCHEMISTRY :
• Introduction to Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Overview of biochemistry, its scope in biological sciences,
• Water, pH and Buffer system
• Structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and their structural and functional significance.
• Enzymes– Classification, structure, and function of enzymes, enzyme kinetics, mechanisms of enzyme action, regulation of enzyme activity, and an introduction to major metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.
• Bioenergetics and Metabolic Regulation – Principles of bioenergetics, ATP generation, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic control and integration, and the role of hormones in metabolism.
UNIT – II CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY :
• Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology – Overview of molecular and cell biology, its significance in understanding cellular functions, and its applications in research and medicine.
• Structure and Function of Biomolecules – Detailed study of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, emphasizing their roles in
cellular processes and molecular interactions.
• Cell Structure and Organelles – Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, structure and function of cellular organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
• DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination – Mechanisms of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, types of DNA damage, DNA repair pathways, and homologous and site-specific recombination.
• Gene Expression and Regulation – Transcription and translation processes, regulatory elements controlling gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and RNA processing mechanisms.
• Cell Signaling and Communication – Types of cells signaling (autocrine, paracrine, endocrine), signal transduction pathways, role of receptors, second messengers, and cellular responses to external signals.
• Cell Cycle, Growth, and Apoptosis – Phases of the cell cycle, regulatory checkpoints, cyclins and CDKs, mechanisms of cell division (mitosis and meiosis), and programmed cell death (apoptosis) in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
UNIT – III GENETICS AND BIOINFORMATICS :
• Introduction to Genetics and Mendelian Principles – Overview of classical genetics, Mendelian inheritance, laws of segregation and independent assortment, and extensions of Mendelian genetics.
• Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance – Structure and organization of chromosomes, karyotyping, chromosomal aberrations, linkage, recombination, and sex-linked inheritance, types of mutations,
• Population Genetics and Evolutionary Biology – Hardy-Weinberg principle, genetic variation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, speciation, and molecular evolution.
• Variations at Genome Level: Types of polymorphism, various types of genetic markers (VNTR, STR, SNP, CNV) and their detection techniques (RFLP, AFLP, RAPD)
• Introduction to Bioinformatics – Overview of bioinformatics, its applications in biological sciences, databases, and computational tools used in genomics and proteomics.
• Biological Databases and Sequence Alignment – Types of biological databases (NCBI, EMBL, UniProt), sequence retrieval, pairwise and multiple sequence alignment, BLAST, and FASTA.
UNIT – IV MICROBIOLOGY :
• Overview of microbiology, history, scope, and classification of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea.
• Microbial Structure and Function – Morphology, ultrastructure, and physiology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, including bacterial cell wall, flagella, pili, spores, and modes of nutrition.
• Sterilization techniques - Physical agents: Dry heat, wet heat and cold sterilization, filtration, radiation; Chemical agents (Disinfectants, antibiotics, alcohols) and their mechanisms.
• Microbial Growth and Metabolism – Growth phases, factors affecting microbial growth, culture media and techniques, bacterial metabolism, and microbial enzymatic activities.
• Different methods for isolation and enumeration of microorganisms from forensic samples like vomit, stool, stomach wash and residual food.
• Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Interaction – Mechanisms of microbial infection, virulence factors, host-pathogen interactions, immune response to infections, and emerging microbial diseases.
• Introduction to bioterrorism, general properties of various biological agents and their mechanisms, Popular case studies of bioterrorism
UNIT – V RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
• Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology – Overview of genetic engineering, historical developments, scope, and applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
• Tools and Techniques in rDNA Technology – Restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, polymerases, vectors (plasmids, phages, cosmids, BACs, YACs), gene
cloning, and transformation techniques.
• Gene Cloning and Expression – Cloning strategies, selection and screening of recombinant clones, expression vectors, and factors influencing gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization – Southern, Northern, and Western blotting methods.
• Genome Editing and Genetic Engineering – CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs, gene therapy, transgenic organisms, and ethical considerations in genetic modification.
UNIT – VI IMMUNOLOGY :
• Introduction to Immunology and the Immune System – Overview of the immune system, innate and adaptive immunity, components of the immune response, and historical developments in immunology.
• Cells and Organs of the Immune System – Structure and function of immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells) and primary and secondary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes).
• Antigens, Antibodies, and Immune Recognition – Antigen structure and properties, types of antibodies (immunoglobulins), antigen-antibody interactions, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
• Immune Response and Regulation – Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, activation of B and T lymphocytes, cytokines, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunological memory.
UNIT – VII INSTRUMENTAL/ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES :
• Microscopy: Principles and working of Compound, Comparison, Phasecontrast, stereo-zoom, Polarizing, Fluorescence, confocal microscopy, Scanning electron and transmission electron microscope
• Spectroscopy: Colorimeter analysis and UV light source Principle and significance of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET, Luminescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Mass spectrometry
• Electrophoresis: Principle, Agarose and Polyacrylamide gels, Capillary electrophoresis, buffers, staining of the gel
• Centrifugation: Basics of sedimentation, Basics of centrifugation, refrigerated centrifuge, ultra-centrifuge, RPM and RCF properties, Chromatographic techniques, Basics of chromatography, Types of Chromatography (Size exclusion, Ion-Exchange, Affinity and Paper chromatography)
• Statistical analysis - Sample collection and processing, regression and correlation, ANOVA, probability, t-test, importance of p-value, Chi square test.
UNIT – VIII CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT & ACTS :
• Introduction to the crime scene and their types.
• Securing and documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene)
• Crime Scene Processing: Evaluation of crime scene, role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Searching techniques of Crime scene
• Processing of physical evidence: discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidence, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection
• Introduction to physical evidence, Types of physical evidence, classification and Role of physical evidence in Criminal Investigations & Trails
• Preservation, packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidence, maintaining the chain of custody
• Reconstruction of crime scene.
• Forensic aspects of The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Act, The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act.
UNIT-IX FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
• Sources of DNA at Crime scenes, Procedure for collection and preservation of biological samples for DNA analysis,
• History of DNA fingerprinting and DNA polymorphism, Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis
• DNA extraction and quantification techniques including Real Time PCR
• PCR and its variants
• Various commercial kits for STR profiling, STR profile analysis and its interpretation, Statistical analysis of DNA profiles: Random Match Probability
and Likelihood Ratio,
• Low Copy number (LCN) DNA typing and its guidelines, Y-STR and X-STR markers analysis, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and its forensic importance,
• Sanger DNA Sequencing method and principles of Next Generation Sequencing Methods
• Various national/international guidelines for forensic DNA analysis and Interpretations.
UNIT-X WILDLIFE FORENSICS and ENTOMOLOGY:
• Definition and advances in wildlife forensics; Threats to the natural resources and wild species inhabiting globally.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation; Classification of Species as per IUCN Red Data Book; CITES; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and other related acts.
• Different Methods of Poaching; Conventional methods of species identification; Morphological identification and examination of wildlife parts and products.
• DNA Barcoding for animal species identification.
• Morphology and anatomy of plants, types of plants yielding drugs of abuse–opium, cannabis, coca, tobacco. Identification of plants of Cannabis sativa
(Ganja & bhang), opium (Papaver somniferum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) etc. in criminal cases.
• Introduction, History, Significance, Classification and Biology of insects and other arthropods,
• Life cycle and forensic applications of insects, Dipterans larval development & succession on carrion and its relationship to determine time since death, impact of ecological factors on insect’s developments, rearing insects & calculating PMI, Forensic Entomo-toxicology- identification of drugs and toxins from the insects
and larvae feeding on the body,
• collection and preservation of entomological evidence at a crime scene.
2. Senior Scientific Officer (Serology Division) :-
UNIT-I: CELL STRUCTURE, MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION:
• Structural organization and functions of cell organelles: Plasma membrane, intracellular organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi-bodies, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxysomes) and types and structure of Chromosomes
• pH, buffer and buffer system.
• Bio-molecules-Structure, composition and function (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)
• Enzymes- types and their functions, regulation, enzyme inhibition, isoenzymes.
• Structure and Functions of nucleic acids, Processes of DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation.
• Cell division and cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms.
UNIT-II:HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
• Tissues of body: epithelia and glands, their classification and functions, connective tissues, cartilage- structure and types,
• Bones- formation, gross structure, fracture and healing, Structure and growth of teeth, types, dentition-pattern and formula, eruption sequence and age determination, dental anomalies and their significance in personal identification, bite marks of human/animals and their analysis.
• Structure and functions of major organ systems and their physiologyIntegumentary, digestive, skeleton, respiratory, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, excretory, reproductive, muscular and neuromuscular systems, blood physiology.
UNIT-III: ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND MICROBIOLOGY:
• Ecosystem and their types, ecological factors, types of pollution,
• Types of waste, BOD, COD, effect on human health, algal blooms and identification and composition, eutrophication and their effects.
• Various types of planktons and diatoms. Diatom tests and its importance in drowning cases, precautions in collection, preservation and forwarding of biological samples for diatom test, methods of isolation of diatoms from different body tissues/bone marrow and water samples.
• Isolation and classification of various microbes from soil, water and food.
Cell structure of bacteria and fungi, spores.
UNIT IV:ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION AND BASIC GENETICS:
• Chemotaxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, Molecular Taxonomy and General classification of Animals (classification of Invertebrates up to order, classification of chordates up to class)
• Mendelian and non-mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination and crossing over, chromosomal basis of inheritance, sex linked inheritance, chromosomal aberration.
UNIT- V:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
• Basic concept of development: Basic features of development in animals, gametogenesis, types of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, and blastula, modification of development in evolution, generation of multicellular embryo, formation of germ layers, patterning of vertebrate body plan.
• Reproductive Biology: Reproductive strategies and reproductive cycles in vertebrates, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, hormonal regulation in gametogenesis in male and female, In-vitro fertilization, embryo transfer technology.
• Nervous System: Organization of nervous system, somatic nervous system; sympathetic and parasympathetic system; structure and function of neuron and glial cells.
• Musculo-skeletal System: Bone structure and function; smooth, cardiac and skeleton muscles, muscle contraction.
• Endocrinology: Endocrine glands including pituitary, thyroid etc.; hormones, regulation of hormone secretion, peptide hormones and steroid hormones, biochemistry of hormone action.
UNIT-VI:TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY:
• Microscopy: Principles and working of Compound, Comparison, Phase- contrast, stereo-zoom, Polarizing, Fluorescence, confocal microscopy, Scanning electron and transmission electron microscope
• Spectroscopy: Colorimeter analysis and UV light source Principle and significance of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET,
Luminescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Mass spectrometry
• Tissue preparation (1) Fixation and preparation of FFPE blocks (2) Sectioning by rotary microtome, cryostat, vibratome and ultrathin sectioning. (3) Staining: Various staining techniques- simple and double staining, histochemical staining for bio molecules, decalcification of bones and tooth, immunocytochemical staining.
• Electrophoresis: Principle, Agarose and Polyacrylamide gels, Capillary electrophoresis, buffers, staining of the gel
• Statistical analysis - Sample collection and processing, regression and correlation, ANOVA, probability, t-test, importance of p-value, Chi square
test.
• Immunological techniques: Immuno-electrophoresis, immuneprecipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA, FACS, immune-fluorescence microscopy, Immuno-electron microscopy, Fluorescence In-situ hybridization (FISH), Chromatin immuno-precipitation.
UNIT-VII:CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT & ACTS:
• Introduction to the crime scene and their types.
• Securing and documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene)
• Crime Scene Processing: Evaluation of crime scene, role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Searching techniques of Crime scene
• Processing of physical evidence: discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidence, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection
• Introduction to physical evidence, Types of physical evidence, classification and Role of physical evidence in Criminal Investigations & Trails
• Preservation, packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidence, maintaining the chain of custody
• Reconstruction of crime scene.
• Forensic aspects of The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Act, The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act
UNIT-VIII:EXAMINATION OF BODY FLUIDS & THEIR STAINS:
• Introduction to Body Fluids and Their Forensic Significance: An overview of various body fluids such as semen, saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions, along with their role in forensic investigations.
• Identification and Examination of Seminal Stains: composition, occurrence, physical pattern, and forensic significance of seminal stains, along with their identification using presumptive tests (U.V. test, Florence test, Spermine (Barberio) test, Choline test, Acid Phosphatase test) and confirmatory tests (p-30, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Microscopic examination), Morphological and Biochemical Examination of Spermatozoa.
• Examination of Other Physiological Fluids: Forensic identification and examination of saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions using appropriate presumptive and confirmatory tests, Identification of Lochial and Menstrual Blood Stains, Importance of Secretor and Non-Secretor Status
• Immunology and related techniques: Tests for Origin of species, Presumptive & Confirmatory Tests for blood and its origin: precipitin test (diffusion method)., Application of ABO blood group in disputed paternity cases, polymorphic enzymes and polymorphic proteins in reference of forensic serology. HLA antigen. Determination of ABO blood group by absorption inhibition, absorption elution and mixed agglutination method.
UNIT-IX:FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
• Sources of DNA at Crime scenes, Procedure for collection and preservation of biological samples for DNA analysis,
• History of DNA fingerprinting and DNA polymorphism, Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis
• DNA extraction and quantification techniques including Real Time PCR
• Polymerase Chain Reaction and its variants used in DNA Forensics.
• Various commercial kits for STR profiling, STR profile analysis and its interpretation, Statistical analysis of DNA profiles: Random Match Probability and Likelihood Ratio.
• Trace DNA typing and its guidelines, Y-STR and X-STR markers analysis, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and its forensic importance.
• Sanger DNA Sequencing method and principles of Next Generation Sequencing Methods.
• Various national/international guidelines for forensic DNA analysis and Interpretations.
UNIT-X:WILDLIFE FORENSICS and ENTOMOLOGY:
• Definition and advances in wildlife forensics; Threats to the natural resources and wild species inhabiting globally.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation; Classification of Species as per IUCN Red Data Book; CITES; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and other related acts.
• Different Methods of Poaching; Morphological identification and examination of wildlife parts and products for species identification.
• DNA Barcoding for animal species identification.
• Morphology and anatomy of plants, types of plants yielding drugs of abuse– opium, cannabis, coca, tobacco. Identification of plants of Cannabis sativa (Ganja & bhang), opium (Papaver somniferum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) etc. in criminal cases.
• Introduction, History, Significance, Classification and Biology of insects and other arthropods relevant to PMI estimation.
• Life cycle and forensic applications of insects, Dipterans larval development & succession on carrion and its relationship to PMI, impact of ecological factors on insect’s developments, rearing insects & calculating PMI, Forensic Entomo-toxicology- identification of drugs and toxins from the insects and larvae feeding on the body.
• Collection and preservation of entomological evidence at a crime scene
3. Senior Scientific Officer (Narcotics Division) :-
UNIT I :
Analytical Chemistry: Classification of analytical methods – Classical and Instrumental, volumetric, titrimetric and gravimetric techniques, selection of proper analytical techniques: types and range of determination, accuracy, precision and errors, sample preparation, handling of reagents with safety, density and viscosity measurements. Good Laboratory Practices, Standard Operating Procedures, quality assurance and quality control, validation of analytical methods.
Statistical Analysis: Types of data, Basic concept of frequency distribution, measure of central values – Mean, median and mode, measure of dispersion, range, mean deviation and standard deviation, probability, theory and classical definition of probability, Bayes theorem of probability, conditional probability and coincidence probability, Chi-square test.
UNIT II :
Basics of Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitro compounds.
Proteins: Classification, Structure and Properties, Molecular weight determination, Isoelectric point, coagulation and denaturation. Carbohydrates: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Fats and Lipids: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Alkaloids: Classification, Isolation and Identification.
Sample Preparation Techniques: Liquid-liquid extraction/solvent extraction-partition coefficient, distribution ratio and percent extraction. Solvent extraction of metal ions-ion association complexes and metal chelates, multiple batch extraction, Craig’s countercurrent distribution. Accelerated and Microwave assisted extraction, protein precipitation and solid phase extraction (SPE).
UNIT III :
General Principles of Biological / Biochemical Analysis: pH and Buffers, Physiological solution Centrifugation Techniques, Basic principle of sedimentation, various types of centrifuges, Density Gradient Centrifugation, Preparative Centrifugation, analysis of subcellular fractions, Ultra centrifuge- Refrigerated Centrifuges.
Microscopy: Basic principles of microscopy, Simple and Compound microscope, Study of different types of microscopes: Comparison microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Stereoscopic microscope, Polarizing microscope, Fluorescence microscopy, IR microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
UNIT IV :
Electromagnetic radiations: General properties of electromagnetic radiations, Wave and Quantum mechanical properties, Interaction of EMR with matter, electronic spectra and molecular structure, Internal standards and standard addition calibration methods. Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Spectroscopic
Techniques: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR, Raman Spectroscopy, FT-Raman spectroscopy, Flame emission spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.
UNIT V :
Separation Techniques: Introduction to Chromatography: Partition, Adsorption, Ion exchange, Size Exclusion Chromatography.
Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography;Gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography – Head Space: Principle, instrumentation and applications.
Emerging and Hyphenate Techniques: Theory, Instrumentation and Applications Mass Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy, X-Ray Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC– MS) and GC – MS – MS (Tandem), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC – MS) and LC – MS – MS (Tandem), Capillary Chromatography Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Electrophoretic techniques.
UNIT VI :
Basics of Forensic Science: Definition, history, principle, scope and development of Forensic science, Forensic Science Laboratories in India, Functions and responsibility of Forensic scientist.
Crime: Definition, types of crimes, Modus Operandi, Law as per Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita.
Court testimony: Admissibility of expert testimony, pre court preparation and court appearance, examination in chief, cross examination and re- examination. Ethics in Forensic Science.
UNIT VII :
Crime Scene Investigation: Introduction, types of crime scene, Evaluation and processing of crime scene, Securing and Documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene), role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Digital Imaging of Crime Scene, 3-D scanning technique, Searching techniques of Crime scene, Processing of physical evidence-discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidences, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection, Preservation, Packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidences, Maintaining the chain of custody, Probative value of physical evidences, Reconstruction of scene of crime. Introduction to evidences, Types, Classification and Role of evidences in Criminal Investigations & Trails, Tele forensic Technology for crime scene investigation, Mobile kits and equipments, their utility on crime scene, Technology innovation in crime scene management, Report writing, Components of reports and report format in respect of crime scene and laboratory findings.
UNIT VIII :
Introduction to drugs, Designer Drugs, Drugs of abuse, mode of administration, pharmacological action, biotransformation, types, appearance, production and chemical characteristics, Common terminology of various drugs of forensic importance. Introduction to Controlled Substances, Controlled Substance Act, Classification of controlled substances, Precursor chemicals, Narcotic raids and clandestine drug laboratories evidences and forensic examination. Provisions under Drugs Act, Excise Act and NDPS Act.
UNIT IX :
Narcotics drugs: Definition, types, appearance, production and chemical characteristics. Common terminology of various drugs. Drug action on central nervous system. Sampling methods, extraction, isolation and analytical techniques for qualitative & quantitative analysis.
Plants of Narcotic importance and their morphology: Papaver somniferum, Cannabis sativa, Coca plant and analysis of their active constituents.
UNIT X : Extraction, isolation & identification of Alkaloids viz- Morphine, Codeine, Brucine, Strychnine, Nicotine, Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Cocaine, Heroin and Dhatura alkaloids.
4. Senior Scientific Officer (Biology Division) :-
UNIT-I:CELL STRUCTURE, MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION:
• Structural organization and functions of cell organelles: Plasma membrane, intracellular organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi-bodies, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxysomes) and types and structure of Chromosomes
• pH, buffer and buffer system.
• Bio-molecules-Structure, composition and function (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)
• Enzymes- types and their functions, regulation, enzyme inhibition, isoenzymes.
• Structure and Functions of nucleic acids, Processes of DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation.
• Cell division and cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms.
UNIT-II:HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
• Tissues of body: epithelia and glands, their classification and functions, connective tissues, cartilage- structure and types,
• Bones- formation, gross structure, fracture and healing, Structure and growth of teeth, types, dentition-pattern and formula, eruption sequence and age determination, dental anomalies and their significance in personal identification, bite marks of human/animals and their analysis.
• Structure and functions of major organ systems and their physiology Integumentary, digestive, skeleton, respiratory, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, excretory, reproductive, muscular and neuromuscular systems, blood physiology.
UNIT-III: ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND MICROBIOLOGY:
• Ecosystem and their types, ecological factors, types of pollution,
• Types of waste, BOD, COD, effect on human health, algal blooms and identification and composition, eutrophication and their effects.
• Various types of planktons and diatoms. Diatom tests and its importance in drowning cases, precautions in collection, preservation and forwarding of biological samples for diatom test, methods of isolation of diatoms from different body tissues/bone marrow and water samples.
• Isolation and classification of various microbes from soil, water and food. Cell structure of bacteria and fungi, spores.
UNIT IV:ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION AND BASIC GENETICS:
• Chemotaxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, Molecular Taxonomy and General classification of Animals (classification of Invertebrates up to order, classification of chordates up to class)
• Mendelian and non-mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination and crossing over, chromosomal basis of inheritance, sex linked inheritance, chromosomal aberration.
UNIT- V:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
• Basic concept of development: Basic features of development in animals, gametogenesis, types of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, and blastula, modification of development in evolution, generation of multicellular embryo, formation of germ layers, patterning of vertebrate body plan.
• Reproductive Biology: Reproductive strategies and reproductive cycles in vertebrates, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, hormonal regulation in
gametogenesis in male and female, In-vitro fertilization, embryo transfer technology.
• Nervous System: Organization of nervous system, somatic nervous system; sympathetic and parasympathetic system; structure and function of neuron and glial cells.
• Musculo-skeletal System: Bone structure and function; smooth, cardiac and skeleton muscles, muscle contraction.
• Endocrinology: Endocrine glands including pituitary, thyroid etc.; hormones, regulation of hormone secretion, peptide hormones and steroid hormones, biochemistry of hormone action.
UNIT-VI:TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY:
• Microscopy: Principles and working of Compound, Comparison, Phasecontrast, stereo-zoom, Polarizing, Fluorescence, confocal microscopy, Scanning electron and transmission electron microscope
• Spectroscopy: Colorimeter analysis and UV light source Principle and significance of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET, Luminescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Mass spectrometry
• Tissue preparation (1) Fixation and preparation of FFPE blocks (2) Sectioning by rotary microtome, cryostat, vibratome and ultrathin sectioning. (3) Staining: Various staining techniques- simple and double staining, histochemical staining for bio molecules, decalcification of bones and tooth, immunocytochemical staining.
• Electrophoresis: Principle, Agarose and Polyacrylamide gels, Capillary electrophoresis, buffers, staining of the gel
• Statistical analysis - Sample collection and processing, regression and correlation, ANOVA, probability, t-test, importance of p-value, Chi square
test.
• Immunological techniques: Immuno-electrophoresis, immuneprecipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA, FACS, immune-fluorescence microscopy, Immuno-electron microscopy, Fluorescence In-situ hybridization (FISH), Chromatin immuno-precipitation.
UNIT-VII:CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT & ACTS:
• Introduction to the crime scene and their types.
• Securing and documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene)
• Crime Scene Processing: Evaluation of crime scene, role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Searching techniques of Crime scene
• Processing of physical evidence: discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidence, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection
• Introduction to physical evidence, Types of physical evidence, classification and Role of physical evidence in Criminal Investigations & Trails
• Preservation, packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidence, maintaining the chain of custody
• Reconstruction of crime scene.
• Forensic aspects of The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Act, The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act
UNIT-VIII:EXAMINATION OF BODY FLUIDS & THEIR STAINS:
• Introduction to Body Fluids and Their Forensic Significance: An overview of various body fluids such as semen, saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions, along with their role in forensic investigations.
• Identification and Examination of Seminal Stains: composition, occurrence, physical pattern, and forensic significance of seminal stains, along with their identification using presumptive tests (U.V. test, Florence test, Spermine (Barberio) test, Choline test, Acid Phosphatase test) and confirmatory tests (p-30, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Microscopic examination), Morphological and Biochemical Examination of Spermatozoa.
• Examination of Other Physiological Fluids: Forensic identification and examination of saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions using appropriate presumptive and confirmatory tests, Identification of Lochial and Menstrual Blood Stains, Importance of Secretor and Non-Secretor Status
• Immunology and related techniques: Tests for Origin of species, Presumptive & Confirmatory Tests for blood and its origin: precipitin test (diffusion method)., Application of ABO blood group in disputed paternity cases, polymorphic enzymes and polymorphic proteins in reference of forensic serology. HLA antigen. Determination of ABO blood group by absorption inhibition, absorption elution and mixed agglutination method.
UNIT-IX:FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
• Sources of DNA at Crime scenes, Procedure for collection and preservation of biological samples for DNA analysis,
• History of DNA fingerprinting and DNA polymorphism, Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis
• DNA extraction and quantification techniques including Real Time PCR
• Polymerase Chain Reaction and its variants used in DNA Forensics.
• Various commercial kits for STR profiling, STR profile analysis and its interpretation, Statistical analysis of DNA profiles: Random Match Probability and Likelihood Ratio.
• Trace DNA typing and its guidelines, Y-STR and X-STR markers analysis, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and its forensic importance.
• Sanger DNA Sequencing method and principles of Next Generation Sequencing Methods.
• Various national/international guidelines for forensic DNA analysis and Interpretations.
UNIT-X:WILDLIFE FORENSICS and ENTOMOLOGY:
• Definition and advances in wildlife forensics; Threats to the natural resources and wild species inhabiting globally.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation; Classification of Species as per IUCN Red Data Book; CITES; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and other related acts.
• Different Methods of Poaching; Morphological identification and examination of wildlife parts and products for species identification.
• DNA Barcoding for animal species identification.
• Morphology and anatomy of plants, types of plants yielding drugs of abuse– opium, cannabis, coca, tobacco. Identification of plants of Cannabis sativa (Ganja & bhang), opium (Papaver somniferum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) etc. in criminal cases.
• Introduction, History, Significance, Classification and Biology of insects and other arthropods relevant to PMI estimation.
• Life cycle and forensic applications of insects, Dipterans larval development & succession on carrion and its relationship to PMI, impact of ecological factors on insect’s developments, rearing insects & calculating PMI, Forensic Entomo-toxicology- identification of drugs and toxins from the insects and larvae feeding on the body.
• Collection and preservation of entomological evidence at a crime scene.
5. Senior Scientific Officer (Chemistry Division) :
UNIT I :
Analytical Chemistry: Classification of analytical methods – Classical and Instrumental, volumetric, titrimetric and gravimetric techniques, selection of proper analytical techniques: types and range of determination, accuracy, precision and errors, sample preparation, handling of reagents with safety, density and viscosity measurements. Good Laboratory Practices, Standard Operating Procedures, quality assurance and quality control, validation of analytical methods. Statistical Analysis: Types of data, Basic concept of frequency distribution, measure of central values – Mean, median and mode, measure of dispersion, range, mean deviation
and standard deviation, probability, theory and classical definition of probability, Bayes theorem of probability, conditional probability and coincidence probability, Chi-square test.
UNIT II :
Basics of Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitro compounds. Proteins: Classification, Structure and Properties, Molecular weight determination, Isoelectric point, coagulation and denaturation.
Carbohydrates: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Fats and Lipids: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Alkaloids: Classification, Isolation and Identification.
Sample Preparation Techniques: Liquid-liquid extraction/solvent extraction-partition coefficient, distribution ratio and percent extraction. Solvent extraction of metal ionsion association complexes and metal chelates, multiple batch extraction, Craig’s counter-current distribution. Accelerated and Microwave assisted extraction, protein precipitation and solid phase extraction (SPE).
UNIT III :
General Principles of Biological / Biochemical Analysis: pH and Buffers, Physiological solution Centrifugation Techniques, Basic principle of sedimentation, various types of centrifuges, Density Gradient Centrifugation, Preparative Centrifugation, analysis of sub-cellular fractions, Ultra centrifuge- Refrigerated Centrifuges.
Microscopy: Basic principles of microscopy, Simple and Compound microscope, Study of different types of microscopes: Comparison microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Stereoscopic microscope, Polarizing microscope, Fluorescence microscopy, IR microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
UNIT IV :
Electromagnetic radiations: General properties of electromagnetic radiations, Wave and Quantum mechanical properties, Interaction of EMR with matter, electronic spectra and molecular structure, Internal standards and standard addition calibration methods. Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Spectroscopic
Techniques: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR, Raman Spectroscopy, FT-Raman spectroscopy, Flame emission spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.
UNIT V :
Separation Techniques: Introduction to Chromatography: Partition, Adsorption, Ion exchange, Size Exclusion Chromatography. Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography; Gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography – Head Space: Principle, instrumentation and applications.
Emerging and Hyphenate Techniques: Theory, Instrumentation and Applications Mass Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy, X-Ray Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC– MS) and GC – MS – MS (Tandem), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC – MS) and LC – MS – MS (Tandem), Capillary Chromatography
UNIT VI :
Basics of Forensic Science: Definition, history, principle, scope and development of Forensic science, Forensic Science Laboratories in India, Functions and responsibility of Forensic scientist.
Crime: Definition, types of crimes, Modus Operandi, Law as per Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita.
Court testimony: Admissibility of expert testimony, pre court preparation and court appearance, examination in chief, cross examination and re- examination. Ethics in Forensic Science.
UNIT VII :
Crime Scene Investigation: Introduction, types of crime scene, Evaluation and processing of crime scene, Securing and Documenting the crime scene (Note making,
Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene), role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Digital Imaging of Crime Scene, 3-D scanning technique, Searching techniques of Crime scene, Processing of physical evidence-discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidences, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection, Preservation, Packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidences, Maintaining the chain of custody, Probative value of physical evidences, Reconstruction of scene of crime.
Introduction to evidences, Types, Classification and Role of evidences in Criminal Investigations & Trails, Tele forensic Technology for crime scene investigation, Mobile kits and equipments, their utility on crime scene, Technology innovation in crime scene management, Report writing, Components of reports and report format in respect of crime scene and laboratory findings.
UNIT VIII :
Forensic Chemistry: Introduction to forensic chemistry, Types of cases/exhibits received for analysis, Overview of forensic chemical analysis. Bribe Trap Cases: Examination of Chemicals (Phenolphthalein) used in Bribe trap cases.
Introduction and assessment of explosives, Oxygen balance, Explosive Power Index, Heat and Temperature of Explosion, Pressure of explosion, Mechanism of Ignition and hot spot formation. Thermal decomposition, physical and chemical aspects of combustion, Deflagration and Detonation, Analysis of low and high explosives by different instrumental techniques, Quality control, Proficiency Testing, Interpretation of the findings, Report writing.
UNIT IX :
Distillation and fractionation of petroleum products. Commercial uses of different petroleum fractions. Physical Properties of Petroleum Products Analytical Techniques: Quantitative and Qualitative Steps in Analysis of Petroleum, Analysis of traces of petroleum products in forensic exhibits and suspected fire insurance cases.
Scientific Investigation of Fire, NFPA 921 and NFPA 1033, Separation and analytical techniques of ignitable liquid residues, Interpretation of Data Obtained from Fire Debris, Quality Assurance in Fire Debris Analysis, Report Writing and Court Testimony.
Forensic Chemical Analysis in Vitriolage
UNIT X : Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of adulterated/contaminated chemical(s) in food as per BIS, FSSAI and Food Adulteration Act
UNIT – I BIOCHEMISTRY :
• Introduction to Biochemistry and Biomolecules – Overview of biochemistry, its scope in biological sciences,
• Water, pH and Buffer system
• Structure and functions of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and their structural and functional significance.
• Enzymes– Classification, structure, and function of enzymes, enzyme kinetics, mechanisms of enzyme action, regulation of enzyme activity, and an introduction to major metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism.
• Bioenergetics and Metabolic Regulation – Principles of bioenergetics, ATP generation, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, metabolic control and integration, and the role of hormones in metabolism.
UNIT – II CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY :
• Introduction to Molecular and Cell Biology – Overview of molecular and cell biology, its significance in understanding cellular functions, and its applications in research and medicine.
• Structure and Function of Biomolecules – Detailed study of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, emphasizing their roles in
cellular processes and molecular interactions.
• Cell Structure and Organelles – Organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, structure and function of cellular organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and cytoskeleton.
• DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination – Mechanisms of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, types of DNA damage, DNA repair pathways, and homologous and site-specific recombination.
• Gene Expression and Regulation – Transcription and translation processes, regulatory elements controlling gene expression, epigenetic modifications, and RNA processing mechanisms.
• Cell Signaling and Communication – Types of cells signaling (autocrine, paracrine, endocrine), signal transduction pathways, role of receptors, second messengers, and cellular responses to external signals.
• Cell Cycle, Growth, and Apoptosis – Phases of the cell cycle, regulatory checkpoints, cyclins and CDKs, mechanisms of cell division (mitosis and meiosis), and programmed cell death (apoptosis) in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
UNIT – III GENETICS AND BIOINFORMATICS :
• Introduction to Genetics and Mendelian Principles – Overview of classical genetics, Mendelian inheritance, laws of segregation and independent assortment, and extensions of Mendelian genetics.
• Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance – Structure and organization of chromosomes, karyotyping, chromosomal aberrations, linkage, recombination, and sex-linked inheritance, types of mutations,
• Population Genetics and Evolutionary Biology – Hardy-Weinberg principle, genetic variation, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, speciation, and molecular evolution.
• Variations at Genome Level: Types of polymorphism, various types of genetic markers (VNTR, STR, SNP, CNV) and their detection techniques (RFLP, AFLP, RAPD)
• Introduction to Bioinformatics – Overview of bioinformatics, its applications in biological sciences, databases, and computational tools used in genomics and proteomics.
• Biological Databases and Sequence Alignment – Types of biological databases (NCBI, EMBL, UniProt), sequence retrieval, pairwise and multiple sequence alignment, BLAST, and FASTA.
UNIT – IV MICROBIOLOGY :
• Overview of microbiology, history, scope, and classification of microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and archaea.
• Microbial Structure and Function – Morphology, ultrastructure, and physiology of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes, including bacterial cell wall, flagella, pili, spores, and modes of nutrition.
• Sterilization techniques - Physical agents: Dry heat, wet heat and cold sterilization, filtration, radiation; Chemical agents (Disinfectants, antibiotics, alcohols) and their mechanisms.
• Microbial Growth and Metabolism – Growth phases, factors affecting microbial growth, culture media and techniques, bacterial metabolism, and microbial enzymatic activities.
• Different methods for isolation and enumeration of microorganisms from forensic samples like vomit, stool, stomach wash and residual food.
• Microbial Pathogenesis and Host Interaction – Mechanisms of microbial infection, virulence factors, host-pathogen interactions, immune response to infections, and emerging microbial diseases.
• Introduction to bioterrorism, general properties of various biological agents and their mechanisms, Popular case studies of bioterrorism
UNIT – V RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY
• Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology – Overview of genetic engineering, historical developments, scope, and applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
• Tools and Techniques in rDNA Technology – Restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, polymerases, vectors (plasmids, phages, cosmids, BACs, YACs), gene
cloning, and transformation techniques.
• Gene Cloning and Expression – Cloning strategies, selection and screening of recombinant clones, expression vectors, and factors influencing gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization – Southern, Northern, and Western blotting methods.
• Genome Editing and Genetic Engineering – CRISPR-Cas9, TALENs, ZFNs, gene therapy, transgenic organisms, and ethical considerations in genetic modification.
UNIT – VI IMMUNOLOGY :
• Introduction to Immunology and the Immune System – Overview of the immune system, innate and adaptive immunity, components of the immune response, and historical developments in immunology.
• Cells and Organs of the Immune System – Structure and function of immune cells (T-cells, B-cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells) and primary and secondary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes).
• Antigens, Antibodies, and Immune Recognition – Antigen structure and properties, types of antibodies (immunoglobulins), antigen-antibody interactions, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
• Immune Response and Regulation – Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses, activation of B and T lymphocytes, cytokines, hypersensitivity reactions, and immunological memory.
UNIT – VII INSTRUMENTAL/ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES :
• Microscopy: Principles and working of Compound, Comparison, Phasecontrast, stereo-zoom, Polarizing, Fluorescence, confocal microscopy, Scanning electron and transmission electron microscope
• Spectroscopy: Colorimeter analysis and UV light source Principle and significance of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET, Luminescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Mass spectrometry
• Electrophoresis: Principle, Agarose and Polyacrylamide gels, Capillary electrophoresis, buffers, staining of the gel
• Centrifugation: Basics of sedimentation, Basics of centrifugation, refrigerated centrifuge, ultra-centrifuge, RPM and RCF properties, Chromatographic techniques, Basics of chromatography, Types of Chromatography (Size exclusion, Ion-Exchange, Affinity and Paper chromatography)
• Statistical analysis - Sample collection and processing, regression and correlation, ANOVA, probability, t-test, importance of p-value, Chi square test.
UNIT – VIII CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT & ACTS :
• Introduction to the crime scene and their types.
• Securing and documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene)
• Crime Scene Processing: Evaluation of crime scene, role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Searching techniques of Crime scene
• Processing of physical evidence: discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidence, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection
• Introduction to physical evidence, Types of physical evidence, classification and Role of physical evidence in Criminal Investigations & Trails
• Preservation, packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidence, maintaining the chain of custody
• Reconstruction of crime scene.
• Forensic aspects of The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Act, The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act.
UNIT-IX FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
• Sources of DNA at Crime scenes, Procedure for collection and preservation of biological samples for DNA analysis,
• History of DNA fingerprinting and DNA polymorphism, Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis
• DNA extraction and quantification techniques including Real Time PCR
• PCR and its variants
• Various commercial kits for STR profiling, STR profile analysis and its interpretation, Statistical analysis of DNA profiles: Random Match Probability
and Likelihood Ratio,
• Low Copy number (LCN) DNA typing and its guidelines, Y-STR and X-STR markers analysis, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and its forensic importance,
• Sanger DNA Sequencing method and principles of Next Generation Sequencing Methods
• Various national/international guidelines for forensic DNA analysis and Interpretations.
UNIT-X WILDLIFE FORENSICS and ENTOMOLOGY:
• Definition and advances in wildlife forensics; Threats to the natural resources and wild species inhabiting globally.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation; Classification of Species as per IUCN Red Data Book; CITES; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and other related acts.
• Different Methods of Poaching; Conventional methods of species identification; Morphological identification and examination of wildlife parts and products.
• DNA Barcoding for animal species identification.
• Morphology and anatomy of plants, types of plants yielding drugs of abuse–opium, cannabis, coca, tobacco. Identification of plants of Cannabis sativa
(Ganja & bhang), opium (Papaver somniferum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) etc. in criminal cases.
• Introduction, History, Significance, Classification and Biology of insects and other arthropods,
• Life cycle and forensic applications of insects, Dipterans larval development & succession on carrion and its relationship to determine time since death, impact of ecological factors on insect’s developments, rearing insects & calculating PMI, Forensic Entomo-toxicology- identification of drugs and toxins from the insects
and larvae feeding on the body,
• collection and preservation of entomological evidence at a crime scene.
2. Senior Scientific Officer (Serology Division) :-
UNIT-I: CELL STRUCTURE, MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION:
• Structural organization and functions of cell organelles: Plasma membrane, intracellular organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi-bodies, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxysomes) and types and structure of Chromosomes
• pH, buffer and buffer system.
• Bio-molecules-Structure, composition and function (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)
• Enzymes- types and their functions, regulation, enzyme inhibition, isoenzymes.
• Structure and Functions of nucleic acids, Processes of DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation.
• Cell division and cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms.
UNIT-II:HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
• Tissues of body: epithelia and glands, their classification and functions, connective tissues, cartilage- structure and types,
• Bones- formation, gross structure, fracture and healing, Structure and growth of teeth, types, dentition-pattern and formula, eruption sequence and age determination, dental anomalies and their significance in personal identification, bite marks of human/animals and their analysis.
• Structure and functions of major organ systems and their physiologyIntegumentary, digestive, skeleton, respiratory, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, excretory, reproductive, muscular and neuromuscular systems, blood physiology.
UNIT-III: ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND MICROBIOLOGY:
• Ecosystem and their types, ecological factors, types of pollution,
• Types of waste, BOD, COD, effect on human health, algal blooms and identification and composition, eutrophication and their effects.
• Various types of planktons and diatoms. Diatom tests and its importance in drowning cases, precautions in collection, preservation and forwarding of biological samples for diatom test, methods of isolation of diatoms from different body tissues/bone marrow and water samples.
• Isolation and classification of various microbes from soil, water and food.
Cell structure of bacteria and fungi, spores.
UNIT IV:ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION AND BASIC GENETICS:
• Chemotaxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, Molecular Taxonomy and General classification of Animals (classification of Invertebrates up to order, classification of chordates up to class)
• Mendelian and non-mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination and crossing over, chromosomal basis of inheritance, sex linked inheritance, chromosomal aberration.
UNIT- V:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
• Basic concept of development: Basic features of development in animals, gametogenesis, types of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, and blastula, modification of development in evolution, generation of multicellular embryo, formation of germ layers, patterning of vertebrate body plan.
• Reproductive Biology: Reproductive strategies and reproductive cycles in vertebrates, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, hormonal regulation in gametogenesis in male and female, In-vitro fertilization, embryo transfer technology.
• Nervous System: Organization of nervous system, somatic nervous system; sympathetic and parasympathetic system; structure and function of neuron and glial cells.
• Musculo-skeletal System: Bone structure and function; smooth, cardiac and skeleton muscles, muscle contraction.
• Endocrinology: Endocrine glands including pituitary, thyroid etc.; hormones, regulation of hormone secretion, peptide hormones and steroid hormones, biochemistry of hormone action.
UNIT-VI:TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY:
• Microscopy: Principles and working of Compound, Comparison, Phase- contrast, stereo-zoom, Polarizing, Fluorescence, confocal microscopy, Scanning electron and transmission electron microscope
• Spectroscopy: Colorimeter analysis and UV light source Principle and significance of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET,
Luminescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Mass spectrometry
• Tissue preparation (1) Fixation and preparation of FFPE blocks (2) Sectioning by rotary microtome, cryostat, vibratome and ultrathin sectioning. (3) Staining: Various staining techniques- simple and double staining, histochemical staining for bio molecules, decalcification of bones and tooth, immunocytochemical staining.
• Electrophoresis: Principle, Agarose and Polyacrylamide gels, Capillary electrophoresis, buffers, staining of the gel
• Statistical analysis - Sample collection and processing, regression and correlation, ANOVA, probability, t-test, importance of p-value, Chi square
test.
• Immunological techniques: Immuno-electrophoresis, immuneprecipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA, FACS, immune-fluorescence microscopy, Immuno-electron microscopy, Fluorescence In-situ hybridization (FISH), Chromatin immuno-precipitation.
UNIT-VII:CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT & ACTS:
• Introduction to the crime scene and their types.
• Securing and documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene)
• Crime Scene Processing: Evaluation of crime scene, role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Searching techniques of Crime scene
• Processing of physical evidence: discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidence, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection
• Introduction to physical evidence, Types of physical evidence, classification and Role of physical evidence in Criminal Investigations & Trails
• Preservation, packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidence, maintaining the chain of custody
• Reconstruction of crime scene.
• Forensic aspects of The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Act, The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act
UNIT-VIII:EXAMINATION OF BODY FLUIDS & THEIR STAINS:
• Introduction to Body Fluids and Their Forensic Significance: An overview of various body fluids such as semen, saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions, along with their role in forensic investigations.
• Identification and Examination of Seminal Stains: composition, occurrence, physical pattern, and forensic significance of seminal stains, along with their identification using presumptive tests (U.V. test, Florence test, Spermine (Barberio) test, Choline test, Acid Phosphatase test) and confirmatory tests (p-30, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Microscopic examination), Morphological and Biochemical Examination of Spermatozoa.
• Examination of Other Physiological Fluids: Forensic identification and examination of saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions using appropriate presumptive and confirmatory tests, Identification of Lochial and Menstrual Blood Stains, Importance of Secretor and Non-Secretor Status
• Immunology and related techniques: Tests for Origin of species, Presumptive & Confirmatory Tests for blood and its origin: precipitin test (diffusion method)., Application of ABO blood group in disputed paternity cases, polymorphic enzymes and polymorphic proteins in reference of forensic serology. HLA antigen. Determination of ABO blood group by absorption inhibition, absorption elution and mixed agglutination method.
UNIT-IX:FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
• Sources of DNA at Crime scenes, Procedure for collection and preservation of biological samples for DNA analysis,
• History of DNA fingerprinting and DNA polymorphism, Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis
• DNA extraction and quantification techniques including Real Time PCR
• Polymerase Chain Reaction and its variants used in DNA Forensics.
• Various commercial kits for STR profiling, STR profile analysis and its interpretation, Statistical analysis of DNA profiles: Random Match Probability and Likelihood Ratio.
• Trace DNA typing and its guidelines, Y-STR and X-STR markers analysis, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and its forensic importance.
• Sanger DNA Sequencing method and principles of Next Generation Sequencing Methods.
• Various national/international guidelines for forensic DNA analysis and Interpretations.
UNIT-X:WILDLIFE FORENSICS and ENTOMOLOGY:
• Definition and advances in wildlife forensics; Threats to the natural resources and wild species inhabiting globally.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation; Classification of Species as per IUCN Red Data Book; CITES; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and other related acts.
• Different Methods of Poaching; Morphological identification and examination of wildlife parts and products for species identification.
• DNA Barcoding for animal species identification.
• Morphology and anatomy of plants, types of plants yielding drugs of abuse– opium, cannabis, coca, tobacco. Identification of plants of Cannabis sativa (Ganja & bhang), opium (Papaver somniferum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) etc. in criminal cases.
• Introduction, History, Significance, Classification and Biology of insects and other arthropods relevant to PMI estimation.
• Life cycle and forensic applications of insects, Dipterans larval development & succession on carrion and its relationship to PMI, impact of ecological factors on insect’s developments, rearing insects & calculating PMI, Forensic Entomo-toxicology- identification of drugs and toxins from the insects and larvae feeding on the body.
• Collection and preservation of entomological evidence at a crime scene
3. Senior Scientific Officer (Narcotics Division) :-
UNIT I :
Analytical Chemistry: Classification of analytical methods – Classical and Instrumental, volumetric, titrimetric and gravimetric techniques, selection of proper analytical techniques: types and range of determination, accuracy, precision and errors, sample preparation, handling of reagents with safety, density and viscosity measurements. Good Laboratory Practices, Standard Operating Procedures, quality assurance and quality control, validation of analytical methods.
Statistical Analysis: Types of data, Basic concept of frequency distribution, measure of central values – Mean, median and mode, measure of dispersion, range, mean deviation and standard deviation, probability, theory and classical definition of probability, Bayes theorem of probability, conditional probability and coincidence probability, Chi-square test.
UNIT II :
Basics of Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitro compounds.
Proteins: Classification, Structure and Properties, Molecular weight determination, Isoelectric point, coagulation and denaturation. Carbohydrates: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Fats and Lipids: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Alkaloids: Classification, Isolation and Identification.
Sample Preparation Techniques: Liquid-liquid extraction/solvent extraction-partition coefficient, distribution ratio and percent extraction. Solvent extraction of metal ions-ion association complexes and metal chelates, multiple batch extraction, Craig’s countercurrent distribution. Accelerated and Microwave assisted extraction, protein precipitation and solid phase extraction (SPE).
UNIT III :
General Principles of Biological / Biochemical Analysis: pH and Buffers, Physiological solution Centrifugation Techniques, Basic principle of sedimentation, various types of centrifuges, Density Gradient Centrifugation, Preparative Centrifugation, analysis of subcellular fractions, Ultra centrifuge- Refrigerated Centrifuges.
Microscopy: Basic principles of microscopy, Simple and Compound microscope, Study of different types of microscopes: Comparison microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Stereoscopic microscope, Polarizing microscope, Fluorescence microscopy, IR microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
UNIT IV :
Electromagnetic radiations: General properties of electromagnetic radiations, Wave and Quantum mechanical properties, Interaction of EMR with matter, electronic spectra and molecular structure, Internal standards and standard addition calibration methods. Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Spectroscopic
Techniques: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR, Raman Spectroscopy, FT-Raman spectroscopy, Flame emission spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.
UNIT V :
Separation Techniques: Introduction to Chromatography: Partition, Adsorption, Ion exchange, Size Exclusion Chromatography.
Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography;Gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography – Head Space: Principle, instrumentation and applications.
Emerging and Hyphenate Techniques: Theory, Instrumentation and Applications Mass Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy, X-Ray Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC– MS) and GC – MS – MS (Tandem), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC – MS) and LC – MS – MS (Tandem), Capillary Chromatography Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Electrophoretic techniques.
UNIT VI :
Basics of Forensic Science: Definition, history, principle, scope and development of Forensic science, Forensic Science Laboratories in India, Functions and responsibility of Forensic scientist.
Crime: Definition, types of crimes, Modus Operandi, Law as per Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita.
Court testimony: Admissibility of expert testimony, pre court preparation and court appearance, examination in chief, cross examination and re- examination. Ethics in Forensic Science.
UNIT VII :
Crime Scene Investigation: Introduction, types of crime scene, Evaluation and processing of crime scene, Securing and Documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene), role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Digital Imaging of Crime Scene, 3-D scanning technique, Searching techniques of Crime scene, Processing of physical evidence-discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidences, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection, Preservation, Packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidences, Maintaining the chain of custody, Probative value of physical evidences, Reconstruction of scene of crime. Introduction to evidences, Types, Classification and Role of evidences in Criminal Investigations & Trails, Tele forensic Technology for crime scene investigation, Mobile kits and equipments, their utility on crime scene, Technology innovation in crime scene management, Report writing, Components of reports and report format in respect of crime scene and laboratory findings.
UNIT VIII :
Introduction to drugs, Designer Drugs, Drugs of abuse, mode of administration, pharmacological action, biotransformation, types, appearance, production and chemical characteristics, Common terminology of various drugs of forensic importance. Introduction to Controlled Substances, Controlled Substance Act, Classification of controlled substances, Precursor chemicals, Narcotic raids and clandestine drug laboratories evidences and forensic examination. Provisions under Drugs Act, Excise Act and NDPS Act.
UNIT IX :
Narcotics drugs: Definition, types, appearance, production and chemical characteristics. Common terminology of various drugs. Drug action on central nervous system. Sampling methods, extraction, isolation and analytical techniques for qualitative & quantitative analysis.
Plants of Narcotic importance and their morphology: Papaver somniferum, Cannabis sativa, Coca plant and analysis of their active constituents.
UNIT X : Extraction, isolation & identification of Alkaloids viz- Morphine, Codeine, Brucine, Strychnine, Nicotine, Atropine, Hyoscyamine, Cocaine, Heroin and Dhatura alkaloids.
4. Senior Scientific Officer (Biology Division) :-
UNIT-I:CELL STRUCTURE, MOLECULES AND THEIR INTERACTION:
• Structural organization and functions of cell organelles: Plasma membrane, intracellular organelles (Nucleus, Mitochondria, Golgi-bodies, Lysosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum, Peroxysomes) and types and structure of Chromosomes
• pH, buffer and buffer system.
• Bio-molecules-Structure, composition and function (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids)
• Enzymes- types and their functions, regulation, enzyme inhibition, isoenzymes.
• Structure and Functions of nucleic acids, Processes of DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation.
• Cell division and cell cycle in eukaryotic organisms.
UNIT-II:HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:
• Tissues of body: epithelia and glands, their classification and functions, connective tissues, cartilage- structure and types,
• Bones- formation, gross structure, fracture and healing, Structure and growth of teeth, types, dentition-pattern and formula, eruption sequence and age determination, dental anomalies and their significance in personal identification, bite marks of human/animals and their analysis.
• Structure and functions of major organ systems and their physiology Integumentary, digestive, skeleton, respiratory, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular, excretory, reproductive, muscular and neuromuscular systems, blood physiology.
UNIT-III: ECOLOGY, ENVIRONMENT AND MICROBIOLOGY:
• Ecosystem and their types, ecological factors, types of pollution,
• Types of waste, BOD, COD, effect on human health, algal blooms and identification and composition, eutrophication and their effects.
• Various types of planktons and diatoms. Diatom tests and its importance in drowning cases, precautions in collection, preservation and forwarding of biological samples for diatom test, methods of isolation of diatoms from different body tissues/bone marrow and water samples.
• Isolation and classification of various microbes from soil, water and food. Cell structure of bacteria and fungi, spores.
UNIT IV:ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION AND BASIC GENETICS:
• Chemotaxonomy, Cytotaxonomy, Molecular Taxonomy and General classification of Animals (classification of Invertebrates up to order, classification of chordates up to class)
• Mendelian and non-mendelian inheritance, linkage, recombination and crossing over, chromosomal basis of inheritance, sex linked inheritance, chromosomal aberration.
UNIT- V:DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
• Basic concept of development: Basic features of development in animals, gametogenesis, types of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, and blastula, modification of development in evolution, generation of multicellular embryo, formation of germ layers, patterning of vertebrate body plan.
• Reproductive Biology: Reproductive strategies and reproductive cycles in vertebrates, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, hormonal regulation in
gametogenesis in male and female, In-vitro fertilization, embryo transfer technology.
• Nervous System: Organization of nervous system, somatic nervous system; sympathetic and parasympathetic system; structure and function of neuron and glial cells.
• Musculo-skeletal System: Bone structure and function; smooth, cardiac and skeleton muscles, muscle contraction.
• Endocrinology: Endocrine glands including pituitary, thyroid etc.; hormones, regulation of hormone secretion, peptide hormones and steroid hormones, biochemistry of hormone action.
UNIT-VI:TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGY:
• Microscopy: Principles and working of Compound, Comparison, Phasecontrast, stereo-zoom, Polarizing, Fluorescence, confocal microscopy, Scanning electron and transmission electron microscope
• Spectroscopy: Colorimeter analysis and UV light source Principle and significance of UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectroscopy, FRET, Luminescence, Circular Dichroism, Infra-Red spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, X-ray diffraction, Mass spectrometry
• Tissue preparation (1) Fixation and preparation of FFPE blocks (2) Sectioning by rotary microtome, cryostat, vibratome and ultrathin sectioning. (3) Staining: Various staining techniques- simple and double staining, histochemical staining for bio molecules, decalcification of bones and tooth, immunocytochemical staining.
• Electrophoresis: Principle, Agarose and Polyacrylamide gels, Capillary electrophoresis, buffers, staining of the gel
• Statistical analysis - Sample collection and processing, regression and correlation, ANOVA, probability, t-test, importance of p-value, Chi square
test.
• Immunological techniques: Immuno-electrophoresis, immuneprecipitation, agglutination, RIA, ELISA, FACS, immune-fluorescence microscopy, Immuno-electron microscopy, Fluorescence In-situ hybridization (FISH), Chromatin immuno-precipitation.
UNIT-VII:CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT & ACTS:
• Introduction to the crime scene and their types.
• Securing and documenting the crime scene (Note making, Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene)
• Crime Scene Processing: Evaluation of crime scene, role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Searching techniques of Crime scene
• Processing of physical evidence: discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidence, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection
• Introduction to physical evidence, Types of physical evidence, classification and Role of physical evidence in Criminal Investigations & Trails
• Preservation, packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidence, maintaining the chain of custody
• Reconstruction of crime scene.
• Forensic aspects of The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita and the Bharatiya Sakshya Act, The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Act
UNIT-VIII:EXAMINATION OF BODY FLUIDS & THEIR STAINS:
• Introduction to Body Fluids and Their Forensic Significance: An overview of various body fluids such as semen, saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions, along with their role in forensic investigations.
• Identification and Examination of Seminal Stains: composition, occurrence, physical pattern, and forensic significance of seminal stains, along with their identification using presumptive tests (U.V. test, Florence test, Spermine (Barberio) test, Choline test, Acid Phosphatase test) and confirmatory tests (p-30, Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Microscopic examination), Morphological and Biochemical Examination of Spermatozoa.
• Examination of Other Physiological Fluids: Forensic identification and examination of saliva, urine, perspiration, faeces, vomit, and vaginal secretions using appropriate presumptive and confirmatory tests, Identification of Lochial and Menstrual Blood Stains, Importance of Secretor and Non-Secretor Status
• Immunology and related techniques: Tests for Origin of species, Presumptive & Confirmatory Tests for blood and its origin: precipitin test (diffusion method)., Application of ABO blood group in disputed paternity cases, polymorphic enzymes and polymorphic proteins in reference of forensic serology. HLA antigen. Determination of ABO blood group by absorption inhibition, absorption elution and mixed agglutination method.
UNIT-IX:FORENSIC DNA ANALYSIS AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
• Sources of DNA at Crime scenes, Procedure for collection and preservation of biological samples for DNA analysis,
• History of DNA fingerprinting and DNA polymorphism, Genes and DNA markers in forensic DNA analysis
• DNA extraction and quantification techniques including Real Time PCR
• Polymerase Chain Reaction and its variants used in DNA Forensics.
• Various commercial kits for STR profiling, STR profile analysis and its interpretation, Statistical analysis of DNA profiles: Random Match Probability and Likelihood Ratio.
• Trace DNA typing and its guidelines, Y-STR and X-STR markers analysis, Mitochondrial DNA analysis and its forensic importance.
• Sanger DNA Sequencing method and principles of Next Generation Sequencing Methods.
• Various national/international guidelines for forensic DNA analysis and Interpretations.
UNIT-X:WILDLIFE FORENSICS and ENTOMOLOGY:
• Definition and advances in wildlife forensics; Threats to the natural resources and wild species inhabiting globally.
• Importance of Wildlife Conservation; Classification of Species as per IUCN Red Data Book; CITES; Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 of India and other related acts.
• Different Methods of Poaching; Morphological identification and examination of wildlife parts and products for species identification.
• DNA Barcoding for animal species identification.
• Morphology and anatomy of plants, types of plants yielding drugs of abuse– opium, cannabis, coca, tobacco. Identification of plants of Cannabis sativa (Ganja & bhang), opium (Papaver somniferum), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) etc. in criminal cases.
• Introduction, History, Significance, Classification and Biology of insects and other arthropods relevant to PMI estimation.
• Life cycle and forensic applications of insects, Dipterans larval development & succession on carrion and its relationship to PMI, impact of ecological factors on insect’s developments, rearing insects & calculating PMI, Forensic Entomo-toxicology- identification of drugs and toxins from the insects and larvae feeding on the body.
• Collection and preservation of entomological evidence at a crime scene.
5. Senior Scientific Officer (Chemistry Division) :
UNIT I :
Analytical Chemistry: Classification of analytical methods – Classical and Instrumental, volumetric, titrimetric and gravimetric techniques, selection of proper analytical techniques: types and range of determination, accuracy, precision and errors, sample preparation, handling of reagents with safety, density and viscosity measurements. Good Laboratory Practices, Standard Operating Procedures, quality assurance and quality control, validation of analytical methods. Statistical Analysis: Types of data, Basic concept of frequency distribution, measure of central values – Mean, median and mode, measure of dispersion, range, mean deviation
and standard deviation, probability, theory and classical definition of probability, Bayes theorem of probability, conditional probability and coincidence probability, Chi-square test.
UNIT II :
Basics of Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry Properties of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, ketones, amines and nitro compounds. Proteins: Classification, Structure and Properties, Molecular weight determination, Isoelectric point, coagulation and denaturation.
Carbohydrates: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Fats and Lipids: Classification, Structure and Reactions.
Alkaloids: Classification, Isolation and Identification.
Sample Preparation Techniques: Liquid-liquid extraction/solvent extraction-partition coefficient, distribution ratio and percent extraction. Solvent extraction of metal ionsion association complexes and metal chelates, multiple batch extraction, Craig’s counter-current distribution. Accelerated and Microwave assisted extraction, protein precipitation and solid phase extraction (SPE).
UNIT III :
General Principles of Biological / Biochemical Analysis: pH and Buffers, Physiological solution Centrifugation Techniques, Basic principle of sedimentation, various types of centrifuges, Density Gradient Centrifugation, Preparative Centrifugation, analysis of sub-cellular fractions, Ultra centrifuge- Refrigerated Centrifuges.
Microscopy: Basic principles of microscopy, Simple and Compound microscope, Study of different types of microscopes: Comparison microscope, Phase contrast microscope, Stereoscopic microscope, Polarizing microscope, Fluorescence microscopy, IR microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)
UNIT IV :
Electromagnetic radiations: General properties of electromagnetic radiations, Wave and Quantum mechanical properties, Interaction of EMR with matter, electronic spectra and molecular structure, Internal standards and standard addition calibration methods. Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Spectroscopic
Techniques: Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, FT-IR, Raman Spectroscopy, FT-Raman spectroscopy, Flame emission spectrometry, Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.
UNIT V :
Separation Techniques: Introduction to Chromatography: Partition, Adsorption, Ion exchange, Size Exclusion Chromatography. Introduction, Theory, Principle, Instrumentation and Applications of Thin Layer Chromatography, High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Chromatography; Gas-liquid and gas-solid chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography – Head Space: Principle, instrumentation and applications.
Emerging and Hyphenate Techniques: Theory, Instrumentation and Applications Mass Spectroscopy, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy, X-Ray Spectroscopy, Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC– MS) and GC – MS – MS (Tandem), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (LC – MS) and LC – MS – MS (Tandem), Capillary Chromatography
UNIT VI :
Basics of Forensic Science: Definition, history, principle, scope and development of Forensic science, Forensic Science Laboratories in India, Functions and responsibility of Forensic scientist.
Crime: Definition, types of crimes, Modus Operandi, Law as per Bhartiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, Bhartiya Nagrik Suraksha Sanhita, Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita.
Court testimony: Admissibility of expert testimony, pre court preparation and court appearance, examination in chief, cross examination and re- examination. Ethics in Forensic Science.
UNIT VII :
Crime Scene Investigation: Introduction, types of crime scene, Evaluation and processing of crime scene, Securing and Documenting the crime scene (Note making,
Sketching, Photography, videography of crime scene), role of the first arriving officer at the crime scene, Digital Imaging of Crime Scene, 3-D scanning technique, Searching techniques of Crime scene, Processing of physical evidence-discovering, recognizing and examination of physical evidences, Collection, Safety measures for evidence collection, Preservation, Packaging, sealing, labelling and forwarding of physical evidences, Maintaining the chain of custody, Probative value of physical evidences, Reconstruction of scene of crime.
Introduction to evidences, Types, Classification and Role of evidences in Criminal Investigations & Trails, Tele forensic Technology for crime scene investigation, Mobile kits and equipments, their utility on crime scene, Technology innovation in crime scene management, Report writing, Components of reports and report format in respect of crime scene and laboratory findings.
UNIT VIII :
Forensic Chemistry: Introduction to forensic chemistry, Types of cases/exhibits received for analysis, Overview of forensic chemical analysis. Bribe Trap Cases: Examination of Chemicals (Phenolphthalein) used in Bribe trap cases.
Introduction and assessment of explosives, Oxygen balance, Explosive Power Index, Heat and Temperature of Explosion, Pressure of explosion, Mechanism of Ignition and hot spot formation. Thermal decomposition, physical and chemical aspects of combustion, Deflagration and Detonation, Analysis of low and high explosives by different instrumental techniques, Quality control, Proficiency Testing, Interpretation of the findings, Report writing.
UNIT IX :
Distillation and fractionation of petroleum products. Commercial uses of different petroleum fractions. Physical Properties of Petroleum Products Analytical Techniques: Quantitative and Qualitative Steps in Analysis of Petroleum, Analysis of traces of petroleum products in forensic exhibits and suspected fire insurance cases.
Scientific Investigation of Fire, NFPA 921 and NFPA 1033, Separation and analytical techniques of ignitable liquid residues, Interpretation of Data Obtained from Fire Debris, Quality Assurance in Fire Debris Analysis, Report Writing and Court Testimony.
Forensic Chemical Analysis in Vitriolage
UNIT X : Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of adulterated/contaminated chemical(s) in food as per BIS, FSSAI and Food Adulteration Act
RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Exam Pattern 2026
Duration : 150 Minutes
Negative Marking : 0.33
Exam Date 2026 : 13th October to 16th October 2026
Starting Date of Application Form : 29th December 2025
Last Date of Application Form : 27th January 2026
Total Post : 20
Negative Marking : 0.33
| S.No | Subject | No.of Question | Marks |
| 1 | Concerned Subject | 150 | 150 |
| Total | 150 | 150 |
Exam Date 2026 : 13th October to 16th October 2026
Starting Date of Application Form : 29th December 2025
Last Date of Application Form : 27th January 2026
Total Post : 20
FAQs
Rpsc Senior Scientific Officer 2026 Exam Syllabus Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)
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