Structure, governance, value education, policies and administration
Paper 2 :Domain knowledge (Law)
Unit 1: Jurisprudence
i. Nature and Sources of Law: Understanding the different sources of law.
ii. Schools of Jurisprudence: In-depth study of Natural Law, Analytical, Historical, Sociological, and Realist schools of thought.
iii. Core Legal Concepts: Detailed analysis of Rights, Duties, Ownership, Possession, Personality, Liability, and Property.
iv. Law and Social Transformation: Exploring the relationship between law, public opinion, and social change.
v. Justice and Morality: Concepts of justice, the relationship between law and morality.
Unit 2: Constitutional and Administrative Law
i. The Constitution: Preamble, fundamental rights and duties, and directive principles of state policy.
ii. Government Structure: The Union and State Executive, Legislature, and their interrelationship.
iii. Judiciary: Structure and powers of the judiciary, including judicial review and independence.
iv. Emergency Provisions: Types of emergencies and their impact.
v. Administrative Law: Principles of natural justice, judicial control over administrative action, and the roles of Ombudsman (Lokpal and Lokayukta).
Unit 3: Public International Law and International Humanitarian Law (IHL)
i. International Law: Nature, sources, and its relationship with municipal law.
ii. State Recognition and Sovereignty: Principles of state recognition, jurisdiction, and immunity.
iii. United Nations: Objectives, principal organs, and their functions.
iv. Dispute Settlement: Peaceful means of settling international disputes.
v. International Humanitarian Law: Conventions, protocols, and challenges in implementation.
Unit 4: Law of Crimes (Indian Penal Code)
1. Principles of Criminal Liability: Actus reus and mens rea, stages of a crime.
2. General Exceptions: Defenses available in criminal law.
3. Offenses Against the Human Body: Culpable homicide, murder, kidnapping, abduction, etc.
4. Offenses Against Property: Theft, robbery, extortion, cheating, etc.
5. Contemporary Crimes: Offenses against women and children, cybercrimes, and offenses against the state.
6. Punishment: Theories of punishment and victim compensation.
Unit 5: Law of Torts and Consumer Protection
1. Nature of Tortious Liability: General principles and defenses.
2. Specific Torts: Negligence, nuisance, trespass, and defamation.
3. Liability: Strict liability, absolute liability, and vicarious liability (including state liability).
4. Consumer Protection Act: Definitions, consumer rights, and the three-tier redressal mechanism.
5. Motor Vehicles Act & Competition Act: Key provisions related to no-fault liability and anti-competitive practices.
Unit 6: Commercial Law
1. Law of Contracts: Essential elements, breach of contract, and remedies.
2. Specific Contracts: Indemnity, guarantee, bailment, pledge, and agency.
3. Sale of Goods Act: Conditions, warranties, and transfer of ownership.
4. Partnership and LLP: Formation, rights, and liabilities of partners.
5. Negotiable Instruments Act: Key provisions related to cheques, bills of exchange, etc.
6. Company Law: Incorporation, prospectus, directors, meetings, and corporate social responsibility (CSR).
Unit 7: Family Law
1. Sources and Schools: Study of Hindu and Muslim Law.
2. Marriage and Dissolution: Laws relating to marriage, divorce, and matrimonial remedies across different religions.
3. Maintenance and Adoption: Provisions for maintenance, adoption, and guardianship.
4. Succession and Inheritance: Laws of succession under Hindu and Muslim personal laws.
5. Uniform Civil Code: The concept and debate surrounding it.
Unit 8: Environment and Human Rights Law
1. Environmental Law: Concepts, international conventions, and constitutional framework in India.
2. Environmental Protection Acts: Key provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, Air Act, and Water Act.
3. National Green Tribunal (NGT): Role, powers, and jurisdiction.
4. Human Rights: Concept, development, and the International Bill of Human Rights.
5. Protection Mechanisms: Role of the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) and protection for vulnerable groups.
Unit 9: Intellectual Property Rights and Information Technology Law
1. IPR Concepts: Theories and international conventions.
2. Copyright, Patents, and Trademarks: Subject matter, registration, infringement, and remedies.
3. Other IPRs: Protection of Geographical Indications, Biodiversity, and Traditional Knowledge.
4. Information Technology Act: Digital signatures, electronic governance, cybercrimes, and adjudication.
Unit 10: Comparative Public Law and Systems of Governance
1. Comparative Law: Relevance, methodology, and challenges.
2. Forms of Government: Comparison of Presidential and Parliamentary, Unitary and Federal systems.
3. Constitutionalism: Rule of law, separation of powers, and independence of the judiciary in countries like the USA, UK, and France.
4. Constitutional Amendment: Comparative study of amendment procedures.
5. Ombudsman: A comparative look at the institution in Sweden, the UK, and India.
