Acellular infectious agents that replicate only inside living host cells
B
Cellular microorganisms containing only DNA
C
Free-living microorganisms capable of independent metabolism
D
Cellular microorganisms containing only RNA
Question 4Single Answer
Which infectious agents consist essentially of small, naked RNA molecules without a protein coat?
A
Virions
B
Prions
C
Viroids
D
Bacteriophages
Question 5Single Answer
Coliphage f X 174 contains :
A
double stranded RNA
B
single stranded DNA
C
double stranded DNA
D
single stranded RNA
Question 6Single Answer
Viruses differ from living organisms in that, they :
A
can grow inside a living host
B
can multiply inside a living host
C
can undergo mutation inside a living host
D
are non-cellular
Question 7Single Answer
Virus which attacks E.coli is called :
A
bacteriophage
B
coliphage
C
phytophage
D
zoophage
Question 8Single Answer
Which characteristic distinguishes viruses from cellular organisms?
A
They possess ribosomes for protein synthesis
B
They have independent energy metabolism
C
They are acellular and depend on host cells for replication
D
They reproduce by binary fission
Question 9Single Answer
The genome of a temperate bacteriophage integrated into the bacterial chromosome is termed as?
A
Prophage
B
Episome
C
Plasmid
D
Capsomere
Question 10Single Answer
Virus was crystallized and isolated first by :
A
J.D. Ivanowski
B
F.C. Bawden
C
W.M. Stanley
D
K.M. Smith
Question 11Single Answer
Little leaf disease of brinjal is primarily associated with which pathogen?
A
Phytoplasma
B
Begomovirus
C
Fungus
D
Viroid
Question 12Single Answer
Which approximate size range includes many of the smallest known conventional virus particles?
A
20–30 nm
B
100–150 nm
C
500–700 nm
D
1–2 µm
Question 13Single Answer
Which of the following is devoid of protein coat, with a constitution of RNA only ?
A
Tobacco mosaic virus
B
Poxvirus
C
Potato spindle tuber virus
D
None of the above
Question 14Single Answer
Genetic modification brought about by a virus in a bacteria is known as :
A
transformation
B
transduction
C
conjugation
D
candidiasis
Question 15Single Answer
Which property makes the classification of viruses as strictly living or non-living problematic?
A
They reproduce independently outside cells
B
They possess cellular organelles but lack DNA
C
They replicate in host cells but are metabolically inactive outside them
D
They perform independent respiration outside host cells
Question 16Single Answer
Influenza viruses contain which type of genetic material?
A
Double-stranded DNA
B
Single-stranded RNA
C
Single-stranded DNA
D
Double-stranded RNA
Question 17Single Answer
Edward Jenner is best known for pioneering vaccination against which disease?
A
Smallpox
B
Chickenpox
C
Rabies
D
Poliomyelitis
Question 18Single Answer
Roux Sarcoma virus contains :
A
RNA
B
DNA
C
DNA and RNA
D
None of these
Question 19Single Answer
Which of the following is a viral disease of potato ?
A
Early blight of potato
B
Late blight of potato
C
Leaf roll of potato
D
None of the above
Question 20Single Answer
The term Virus' has been derived from a Latin word meaning :
A
poison
B
secretion
C
cell
D
venom
Question 21Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of DNA containing plant virus ?
A
Tobacco mosaic virus
B
Potato mosaic virus
C
Cauliflower mosaic virus
D
Tomato mosaic virus
Question 22Single Answer
Rabies is caused by :
A
viruses
B
slime moulds
C
fungi
D
bacterium
Question 23Single Answer
A clear area produced when bacteriophages lyse bacterial cells growing on a culture medium is called a?
A
Plaque
B
Colony
C
Streak
D
Capsule
Question 24Single Answer
An antiviral substance produced by many vertebrates in response to viral infection for resisting the multiplication of viruses is known as :
A
antivirin
B
antigen
C
virion
D
interferon
Question 25Single Answer
Viruses with two types of symmetry, i.e., icosahedral head and helical tail are called :
A
picornaviruses
B
binal viruses
C
riboviruses
D
none of these
Question 26Single Answer
Which of the following is a Capsid ?
A
Protein part of virus
B
Nucleic part of virus
C
Both (a) and (b)
D
None of these
Question 27Single Answer
A stage in the replication of virus, when the cell wall of host is ruptured is known as :
A
lesion
B
lysis
C
autolysis
D
haemolysis
Question 28Single Answer
Which metabolic capability is absent in viruses?
A
Independent ATP-generating metabolism
B
Genetic mutation
C
Genome replication within a suitable host
D
Assembly of progeny virions inside host cells
Question 29Single Answer
The exception to the cell theory of Schleiden and Schwann are :
A
viruses
B
bacteria
C
algae
D
fungi
Question 30Single Answer
An extreme example of latency in which the DNA of the phage is integrated with the DNA of host cell chromosome is :
A
lysis
B
lysogeny
C
prophage
D
attenuated virus
Question 31Single Answer
Which feature is characteristic of all viruses?
A
They require living host cells for replication
B
They contain proteins but no nucleic acid
C
They replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm
D
They infect only bacterial cells
Question 32Single Answer
One of the following discovered synthesis of DNA from RNA in Roux Sarcoma Virus :
A
Smith
B
Temin
C
Twort
D
Mayer
Question 33Single Answer
Which component is present in both a bacteriophage and a yeast cell?
A
Nucleic acid
B
Mitochondria
C
Golgi apparatus
D
Endoplasmic reticulum
Question 34Single Answer
Transduction was discovered by :
A
Safferman and Morris
B
Lederberg and Zinder
C
Smith and Knight
D
None of these
Question 35Single Answer
Viral DNA incorporated in host DNA is known as :
A
prophage
B
vegephage
C
cyanophage
D
phycophage
Question 36Single Answer
Most antibiotics have no direct effect on viruses primarily because?
A
Viruses form antibiotic-resistant endospores
B
Viruses are larger than bacterial cells
C
Viruses lack the cellular structures and metabolic pathways targeted by antibiotics
D
Viruses possess impermeable cellulose walls
Question 37Single Answer
Dahlia mosaic virus contains :
A
DNA
B
RNA
C
DNA and RNA
D
None of these
Question 38Single Answer
The disease in man caused by viruses is :
A
mumps
B
cholera
C
typhoid
D
plague
Question 39Single Answer
Where is the protein for protein coat of virus synthesized ?
A
RNA of the virus
B
DNA of the virus
C
RNA of the host
D
Ribosome of the host
Question 40Single Answer
A virus contains
A
an outer protein coat and a central core of DNA or RNA
B
outer RNA or DNA and a central core of proteins
C
only nucleic acids
D
only protein coats
Question 41Single Answer
Which of the following does not contain DNA ?
A
T-2 bacteriophage
B
Dahlia mosaic virus
C
Roux sarcoma virus
D
All animal viruses
Question 42Single Answer
Which tissue-culture technique is commonly used to obtain virus-free plants from systemically virus-infected stock?
A
Shoot apical meristem culture
B
Mature xylem culture
C
Mature phloem culture
D
Pollen storage
Question 43Single Answer
Which property provides evidence for the biological activity of viruses inside suitable host cells?
A
Replication of their genetic material
B
Independent cellular respiration
C
Independent protein synthesis by ribosomes
D
Binary fission outside host cells
Question 44Single Answer
In classical virus classification, a cryptogram was designed primarily to provide coded information about which features?
A
Major properties of a virus and its genome
B
Only the colour of infected tissues
C
Only the geographical origin of a virus
D
Only the name of the virus discoverer
Question 45Single Answer
Which term describes a genetic element capable of existing autonomously as well as becoming integrated into a host chromosome?
A
Episome
B
Capsomere
C
Virion
D
Viroid
Question 46Single Answer
Tissue culture is used in research of...... extensively .
A
fungi
B
bacteria
C
algae
D
viruses
Question 47Single Answer
The protein coat of a virus is made up of
A
capsid
B
episome
C
protein
D
capsomeres
Question 48Single Answer
Which of the following is not a viral disease of man ?
A
Influenza
B
Whooping cough
C
Rabies
D
Small pox
Question 49Single Answer
Double stranded RNA viruses are known as :
A
riboviruses
B
reoviruses
C
ribovira
D
arboviruses
Question 50Single Answer
The viruses that infect blue green algae are called :
A
cyanophages
B
phages
C
phycophages
D
coliphage
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Botany
Question 51Single Answer
Which region of a plant is commonly exploited in meristem culture to obtain virus-free plants?
A
Shoot apical meristem
B
Mature phloem
C
Secondary xylem
D
Cork cambium
Question 52Single Answer
Which size range broadly encompasses many conventional virus particles?
A
About 20–300 nm
B
About 2–10 nm
C
About 1–5 µm
D
About 10–50 µm
Question 53Single Answer
A viral DNA can be made radioactive by :
A
culturing the viruses in a medium of P32
B
by providing P3² to a bacterium infected by a virus
C
by providing P32 to viruses when they are about to attack a bacteria
D
Both (a) and (c)
Question 54Single Answer
Which of the following is generally the largest in virion dimensions?
A
Tobacco mosaic virus
B
Poxvirus
C
Herpesvirus
D
Poliovirus
Question 55Single Answer
Who first reported bacteriophages in 1915?
A
Félix d'Hérelle
B
Alfred Hershey
C
Joshua Lederberg
D
Frederick W. Twort
Question 56Single Answer
"DNA is the hereditary material of bacteriophages" was proved by :
A
Hershey and Chase
B
De Herelle
C
F. Griffith
D
De Barley
Question 57Single Answer
The genetic material of poliovirus is :
A
DNA
B
Single stranded RNA
C
Single stranded DNA
D
Double stranded RNA
Question 58Single Answer
The genome of a temperate bacteriophage integrated into the bacterial chromosome is called a?
A
Virion
B
Prophage
C
Capsomere
D
Plasmid
Question 59Single Answer
In a bacteriophage, DNA is located in its
A
head
B
tail
C
tail and head
D
tentacles
Question 60Single Answer
Animal viruses enter their host cell by a process known as
A
pinocytosis
B
viropexis
C
lysis
D
elimination
Question 61Single Answer
If a virus has RNA instead of DNA :
A
It cannot replicate
B
It cannot reproduce
C
RNA acts as genetic material
D
It can direct protein synthesis only
Question 62Single Answer
Why is vegetative propagation particularly important in the transmission of many plant viruses?
A
Infected vegetative material can directly carry viruses into new plants
B
All plant viruses are transmitted exclusively through seeds
C
Viruses survive only in dead plant tissues
D
Plant viruses cannot occur in vascular tissues
Question 63Single Answer
Which cyanophage is known for infecting cyanobacteria belonging to more than one host genus?
A
T2 phage
B
Lambda phage
C
LPP-1
D
M13 phage
Question 64Single Answer
Mosaic disease of sugarcane is caused by :
A
parasitic alga
B
bacterium
C
fungus
D
virus
Question 65Single Answer
A substance that kills viruses is :
A
viricide
B
virion
C
antibiotic
D
germicide
Question 66Single Answer
In a virus infected plant, the viruses are translocated through :
A
xylem vessels
B
sieve tubes
C
phloem vessels
D
cortex
Question 67Single Answer
Who first crystallized tobacco mosaic virus?
A
Wendell M. Stanley
B
Frederick W. Twort
C
Félix d'Hérelle
D
Dmitri Ivanovsky
Question 68Single Answer
Which statement about viruses is incorrect?
A
Their genomes consist of DNA or RNA
B
They can grow independently in a sugar solution
C
They require host cells for replication
D
They lack independent cellular metabolism
Question 69Single Answer
During infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T2, which viral component enters the bacterial cell?
A
Only the protein coat
B
Primarily the phage DNA
C
The entire intact bacteriophage
D
Only the tail fibers
Question 70Single Answer
Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome is caused by :
A
Influenza Virus
B
Oncoenes
C
HIV
D
Mycobacterium
Question 71Single Answer
Mosaic of sugarcane is caused by :
A
algae
B
fungi
C
bacteria
D
virus
Question 72Single Answer
Which statement about viruses is incorrect?
A
They lack independent energy metabolism
B
They require living cells for replication
C
Their genome consists of DNA or RNA
D
They can grow independently in a dilute sugar solution
Question 73Single Answer
Which feature of bacteriophages made them particularly useful in classic experiments on the nature of genetic material?
A
Their DNA and protein components could be differentially labelled
B
They possess mitochondria
C
They reproduce by binary fission
D
They contain chlorophyll
Question 74Single Answer
For successful study of Morphology of viruses the Microscope used is :
A
polarizing
B
binocular
C
electron
D
simple
Question 75Single Answer
Which type of nucleic acid is found as the genome in many characterized mycoviruses?
A
Single-stranded DNA only
B
Double-stranded RNA
C
Double-stranded DNA only
D
Transfer RNA
Question 76Single Answer
Outside of the host cells, the viruses are simply non-living particles, known as :
A
virion
B
prophages
C
proviruses
D
algae
Question 77Single Answer
What is the genetic material of typical tailed cyanophages?
A
Double-stranded DNA
B
Protein
C
Ribosomal RNA
D
Transfer RNA
Question 78Single Answer
Which of the following disease is caused by a virus ?
A
Tuberculosis
B
Poliomyelitis
C
Diphtheria
D
Typhoid
Question 79Single Answer
Which feature historically contributed to bacteria being grouped with plants in older classification systems?
A
Presence of a rigid cell wall
B
Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus
C
Presence of chloroplasts in all species
D
Multicellular organization
Question 80Single Answer
Which environment typically contains an exceptionally diverse and abundant community of bacteria?
A
Sterile distilled water
B
Soil
C
Upper atmosphere
D
Freshly sterilized glassware
Question 81Single Answer
Germ theory of disease was proposed by :
A
Robert Koch
B
L. Pasteur
C
T. Boveri
D
F. Jacob
Question 82Single Answer
Escherichia coli is a bacterium which is a common inhabitant of :
A
fertile soil
B
water
C
human intestine
D
All of these
Question 83Single Answer
True nucleus is absent in :
A
fungi
B
algae
C
lichens
D
bacteria
Question 84Single Answer
Which group includes some of the smallest self-replicating cellular organisms?
A
Mycoplasma
B
Bacillus
C
Spirillum
D
Vibrio
Question 85Single Answer
The principal bacterial chromosome is composed primarily of which genetic material?
A
DNA
B
RNA
C
Protein
D
Peptidoglycan
Question 86Single Answer
Which of the following bacteria can oxidise hydrogen sulphide to sulphur ?
A
Rhizobium
B
Nitrosomonas
C
Beggiatoa
D
Nitrobacter
Question 87Single Answer
Bacteria which directly converts atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds are called :
A
Nitrifying bacteria
B
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
C
Denitrifying bacteria
D
Putrefying bacteria
Question 88Single Answer
Bacteria reproduce :
A
asexually only
B
sexually only
C
mostly asexually
D
mostly sexually
Question 89Single Answer
Tetanus is caused by :
A
Bacillus coli
B
Streptococcus spp
C
Pasteurella pestis
D
Clostridium tetani
Question 90Single Answer
Which compound commonly serves as an electron donor for anoxygenic photosynthesis in sulfur bacteria?
A
Hydrogen peroxide
B
Water
C
Molecular oxygen
D
Hydrogen sulfide
Question 91Single Answer
Which of the following is not primarily a bacterial process?
A
Biological treatment of sewage
B
Biological nitrogen fixation
C
Emulsification of dietary fat by bile salts
D
Nitrification in soil
Question 92Single Answer
Which of the following statement is correct ?
A
All bacteria are autotrophic
B
All bacteria are heterotrophic
C
All bacteria are photosynthetic
D
Most of the bacteria are heterotrophic but some are autotrophic
Question 93Single Answer
Which free-living bacterium is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen?
A
Staphylococcus aureus
B
Streptococcus pyogenes
C
Azotobacter
D
Lactobacillus acidophilus
Question 94Single Answer
What is the principal mode of asexual reproduction in most bacteria?
A
Binary fission
B
Endospore formation
C
Conjugation
D
Transformation
Question 95Single Answer
The bacteria which do not bear flagella are termed as :
A
atrichous
B
lophotrichous
C
amphitrichous
D
peritrichous
Question 96Single Answer
Bacterial cell-wall is composed of :
A
chitin
B
mucopeptide
C
lignin
D
suberin
Question 97Single Answer
Citrus canker of lemon and orange is caused by which bacterium?
A
Xanthomonas citri
B
Bacillus subtilis
C
Rhizobium leguminosarum
D
Escherichia coli
Question 98Single Answer
Bacteria was first discovered by :
A
Robert Koch
B
Louis Pasteur
C
A.V. Leeuwenhoeck
D
Robert Hooke
Question 99Single Answer
Which process is absent from the normal life cycle of Escherichia coli?
A
Binary fission
B
DNA replication
C
Meiosis
D
Transcription
Question 100Single Answer
Peptidoglycan occurs in the cell wall of which bacterial groups?
A
Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
B
Only Gram-positive bacteria
C
Only Gram-negative bacteria
D
Only wall-less bacteria
Question 101Single Answer
Denitrifying bacteria convert :
A
ammonia to nitrite
B
nitrite to nitrate
C
nitrate to free nitrogen
D
nitrogen to ammonia
Question 102Single Answer
Which bacterial genus is well known for producing endospores?
A
Bacillus
B
Vibrio
C
Neisseria
D
Escherichia
Question 103Single Answer
Root nodules are formed by the symbiotic relation between the legume and :
A
algae
B
bacteria
C
bryophyta
D
fungi
Question 104Single Answer
In many purple photosynthetic bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are located in specialized intracytoplasmic membranes historically called?
A
Chromatophores
B
Lysosomes
C
Centrioles
D
Dictyosomes
Question 105Single Answer
Bacteria having a tuft of flagella at one end are called :
A
monotrichous
B
peritrichous
C
amphitrichous
D
lophotrichous
Question 106Single Answer
Which statement about bacteria is incorrect?
A
Some bacteria are parasitic
B
Many bacteria reproduce by binary fission
C
Some bacteria can synthesize organic compounds autotrophically
D
Bacteria synthesize food using membrane-bound chloroplasts
Question 107Single Answer
Which photosynthetic prokaryotes contain chlorophyll a?
A
Cyanobacteria
B
Purple sulfur bacteria
C
Green sulfur bacteria
D
Methanogenic archaea
Question 108Single Answer
For most mesophilic bacteria, growth is greatly slowed by which condition?
A
Refrigeration temperature
B
Moderate optimum temperature
C
Adequate nutrient availability
D
Suitable water activity
Question 109Single Answer
Transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another through direct cell-to-cell contact is called?
A
Transformation
B
Transduction
C
Conjugation
D
Translation
Question 110Single Answer
A compound which is produced by an organism and inhibits growth of another organism is called :
A
antiseptic
B
anticoagulant
C
antibiotic
D
antiallergic
Question 111Single Answer
Which one of the following fixes CO₂ into carbohydrates ?
A
Rhizobium
B
Azotobacter
C
Clostridium
D
Rhodospirilium
Question 112Single Answer
Which bacterium, formerly known as Streptococcus lactis, contributes to milk fermentation by producing lactic acid?
A
Lactococcus lactis
B
Salmonella Typhi
C
Clostridium tetani
D
Nitrobacter winogradskyi
Question 113Single Answer
Which of the following is a chemoautotrophic bacterium?
A
Nitrosomonas
B
Escherichia coli
C
Lactobacillus
D
Staphylococcus
Question 114Single Answer
Putrefying bacteria primarily decompose which class of organic compounds?
A
Proteins
B
Cellulose
C
Starch
D
Mineral salts
Question 115Single Answer
Which structure is absent in bacterial cells?
A
Cytoplasm
B
Ribosomes
C
Plasma membrane
D
Endoplasmic reticulum
Question 116Single Answer
Chloramphenicol was originally isolated from which microorganism?
A
Streptomyces venezuelae
B
Streptomyces griseus
C
Penicillium griseofulvum
D
Aspergillus flavus
Question 117Single Answer
Typhoid fever is caused by?
A
Salmonella Typhi
B
Bacillus subtilis
C
Streptomyces venezuelae
D
Clostridium tetani
Question 118Single Answer
Which bacterial process can reduce the amount of biologically available nitrogen in soil by releasing gaseous nitrogen?
A
Denitrification
B
Nitrification
C
Nitrogen fixation
D
Ammonification
Question 119Single Answer
Which type of DNA molecule commonly constitutes the main chromosome of most bacteria?
A
Circular double-stranded DNA
B
Linear single-stranded RNA
C
Circular protein molecule
D
Linear polysaccharide molecule
Question 120Single Answer
Which statement about bacterial mesosomes is supported by modern evidence?
A
They are generally artifacts produced during conventional specimen preparation
B
They are permanent equivalents of mitochondria
C
They contain bacterial chromosomes
D
They are membrane-bound nuclei
Question 121Single Answer
The term genophore traditionally refers to the?
A
Main bacterial chromosome
B
Bacterial cell wall
C
Eukaryotic nucleolus
D
Bacterial flagellum
Question 122Single Answer
The filamentous bacteria are termed :
A
Spirochaetes
B
Actinomycetes
C
Myxomycetes
D
Eubacteria
Question 123Single Answer
Organisms historically placed in kingdom Monera could exhibit which modes of nutrition?
A
Autotrophic as well as heterotrophic nutrition
B
Only autotrophic nutrition
C
Only heterotrophic nutrition
D
Only parasitic nutrition
Question 124Single Answer
Which term is used for the hypothetical ancestral cellular population from which the major domains of modern life ultimately descended?
A
LUCA
B
Cyanobacterium
C
Eubacterium
D
Actinomycete
Question 125Single Answer
Why are many Gram-negative bacteria intrinsically less susceptible to certain antibiotics than Gram-positive bacteria?
A
Their outer membrane restricts penetration of some antimicrobial agents
B
They completely lack a plasma membrane
C
They contain no DNA
D
They possess a cellulose cell wall
Question 126Single Answer
Which microorganism is primarily responsible for converting ethanol into acetic acid during vinegar production?
A
Acetic acid bacteria
B
Cyanobacteria
C
Methanogens
D
Mycoplasma
Question 127Single Answer
Which of the following is a chemoautotrophic bacterium?
A
Nitrosomonas
B
Rhizobium
C
Escherichia coli
D
Lactobacillus
Question 128Single Answer
Which bacterium commonly found in the intestinal microbiota has historically been associated with vitamin K production?
A
Escherichia coli
B
Salmonella Typhi
C
Clostridium tetani
D
Vibrio cholerae
Question 129Single Answer
A bacterium capable of growing both in the presence and absence of molecular oxygen is called a?
A
Facultative anaerobe
B
Obligate aerobe
C
Obligate anaerobe
D
Microaerophile
Question 130Single Answer
Why does honey inhibit the growth of many vegetative bacterial cells?
A
Its high sugar concentration lowers water activity and creates osmotic stress
B
It contains no carbohydrates
C
It destroys every bacterial endospore instantly
D
It supplies excess oxygen to bacterial cells
Question 131Single Answer
Which of the following describes the classical low-temperature, long-time method of milk pasteurization?
A
Heating to about 63°C for 30 minutes followed by cooling
B
Heating to 121°C under pressure for 15 minutes
C
Heating to 100°C for 60 minutes
D
Freezing at −20°C for 30 minutes
Question 132Single Answer
Which bacterial structure is especially resistant to heat, desiccation, and many chemical agents?
A
Endospore
B
Ribosome
C
Nucleoid
D
Flagellum
Question 133Single Answer
Terramycin is obtained from :
A
Streptomyces rimosus
B
Streptomyces griseus
C
Streptomyces venezuelae
D
None of these
Question 134Single Answer
The major structural protein of the bacterial flagellar filament is?
A
Flagellin
B
Keratin
C
Actin
D
Tubulin
Question 135Single Answer
Which bacterial genus contains species commonly involved in lactic acid fermentation of milk?
A
Lactobacillus
B
Salmonella
C
Nitrobacter
D
Clostridium
Question 136Single Answer
Citrus canker is caused by bacteria belonging to which genus?
A
Xanthomonas
B
Erwinia
C
Salmonella
D
Bacillus
Question 137Single Answer
Botulism results primarily from exposure to?
A
Botulinum neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum
B
A fungal mycotoxin
C
Influenza virus
D
Baker's yeast
Question 138Single Answer
In bacterial transformation, genetic change occurs when a recipient bacterium?
A
Takes up free DNA from its surroundings
B
Receives DNA exclusively through a bacteriophage
C
Receives DNA only through direct conjugation
D
Produces an endospore
Question 139Single Answer
Bacterial retting of plant fibres primarily facilitates fibre separation through degradation of?
A
Pectic substances of the middle lamella
B
Nuclear DNA
C
Chlorophyll
D
Cuticular wax only
Question 140Single Answer
In Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, prokaryotic organisms were placed in which kingdom?
A
Monera
B
Protista
C
Fungi
D
Animalia
Question 141Single Answer
In Whittaker's five-kingdom classification, kingdom Protista primarily includes?
