The basic structural and functional unit of a plant is:
A
Cell
B
Tissue
C
Organ
D
Nucleus
Question 2Single Answer
The plant cell wall is mainly composed of:
A
Chitin
B
Cellulose
C
Glycogen
D
Peptidoglycan
Question 3Single Answer
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
A
Chloroplast
B
Mitochondrion
C
Ribosome
D
Golgi body
Question 4Single Answer
Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the:
A
Nucleus
B
Chloroplast
C
Mitochondrion
D
Vacuole
Question 5Single Answer
Chlorophyll is primarily located in the:
A
Mitochondrial matrix
B
Nuclear membrane
C
Thylakoid membrane
D
Cell wall
Question 6Single Answer
The large central vacuole of a plant cell mainly helps in maintaining:
A
Genetic variation
B
Turgor pressure
C
Protein synthesis
D
Cell division
Question 7Single Answer
The middle lamella between adjacent plant cells is rich in:
A
Lignin
B
Protein
C
Cellulose
D
Calcium pectate
Question 8Single Answer
Ribosomes are primarily responsible for:
A
Photosynthesis
B
Lipid storage
C
Respiration
D
Protein synthesis
Question 9Single Answer
The selectively permeable boundary surrounding the cytoplasm is the:
A
Cell wall
B
Plasma membrane
C
Tonoplast
D
Middle lamella
Question 10Single Answer
Which organelle contains the chromosomes of a eukaryotic plant cell?
A
Vacuole
B
Golgi body
C
Nucleus
D
Ribosome
Question 11Single Answer
Bryophytes are commonly known as:
A
Flowering plants
B
Seed plants
C
Amphibians of the plant kingdom
D
Marine plants
Question 12Single Answer
Pteridophytes reproduce mainly by:
A
Seeds
B
Fruits
C
Spores
D
Bulbs
Question 13Single Answer
Gymnosperms are characterized by:
A
Enclosed seeds
B
Absence of vascular tissue
C
Naked seeds
D
Absence of roots
Question 14Single Answer
Angiosperms differ from gymnosperms because angiosperms possess:
A
Spores only
B
Naked seeds
C
Flowers and fruits
D
No vascular tissue
Question 15Single Answer
Which group is characterized by vascular tissues but absence of seeds?
A
Bryophytes
B
Pteridophytes
C
Gymnosperms
D
Angiosperms
Question 16Single Answer
The element present at the center of the chlorophyll molecule is:
A
Iron
B
Magnesium
C
Calcium
D
Potassium
Question 17Single Answer
Nitrogen is an important constituent of:
A
Cellulose only
B
Proteins
C
Starch only
D
Lignin only
Question 18Single Answer
Which nutrient is especially important for root development and energy transfer?
A
Sodium
B
Phosphorus
C
Chlorine
D
Silicon
Question 19Single Answer
Potassium in plants is particularly important for:
A
Chlorophyll structure
B
Enzyme activation and stomatal regulation
C
DNA replication only
D
Formation of pollen only
Question 20Single Answer
Which is a primary macronutrient?
A
Zinc
B
Boron
C
Copper
D
Nitrogen
Question 21Single Answer
Which of the following is a micronutrient for plants?
A
Nitrogen
B
Zinc
C
Phosphorus
D
Potassium
Question 22Single Answer
Water and mineral salts are mainly absorbed by plants through:
A
Flowers
B
Fruits
C
Root hairs
D
Stem lenticels
Question 23Single Answer
The movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called:
A
Osmosis
B
Respiration
C
Translocation
D
Photosynthesis
Question 24Single Answer
Upward movement of water from roots occurs mainly through:
A
Phloem
B
Epidermis
C
Xylem
D
Cambium
Question 25Single Answer
Organic food materials are transported mainly through:
A
Xylem
B
Cork
C
Phloem
D
Epidermis
Question 26Single Answer
Loss of water in the form of vapour from aerial plant parts is called:
A
Transpiration
B
Guttation
C
Respiration
D
Translocation
Question 27Single Answer
Most transpiration in leaves occurs through:
A
Stomata
B
Trichomes
C
Veins
D
Petioles
Question 28Single Answer
Opening and closing of stomata are regulated by:
A
Xylem vessels
B
Sieve tubes
C
Root hairs
D
Guard cells
Question 29Single Answer
Root pressure is generally developed due to:
A
Seed dormancy
B
Photosynthesis in leaves
C
Pollination
D
Active accumulation of ions in roots
Question 30Single Answer
The cohesion-tension theory mainly explains:
A
Mineral synthesis
B
Pollination
C
Ascent of sap
D
Seed formation
Question 31Single Answer
General chlorosis of older leaves commonly indicates deficiency of:
A
Boron
B
Calcium
C
Nitrogen
D
Sulphur
Question 32Single Answer
Nitrogen deficiency symptoms generally appear first on:
A
Young leaves
B
Older leaves
C
Flowers only
D
Root tips only
Question 33Single Answer
Interveinal chlorosis of older leaves is commonly associated with deficiency of:
A
Sulphur
B
Calcium
C
Boron
D
Magnesium
Question 34Single Answer
Iron deficiency generally causes chlorosis first in:
A
Old leaves
B
Mature fruits
C
Roots
D
Young leaves
Question 35Single Answer
Dieback of growing points may occur due to deficiency of:
A
Hydrogen
B
Carbon
C
Boron
D
Oxygen
Question 36Single Answer
Calcium deficiency most severely affects:
A
Old bark only
B
Mature heartwood
C
Growing regions
D
Fallen leaves
Question 37Single Answer
Purplish coloration of leaves may be associated with deficiency of:
A
Chlorine
B
Zinc
C
Phosphorus
D
Iron
Question 38Single Answer
Application of lime to strongly acidic soil mainly helps to:
A
Increase soil pH
B
Lower soil pH
C
Increase soil salinity
D
Eliminate organic matter
Question 39Single Answer
Soil testing is useful primarily for determining:
A
Tree height only
B
Nutrient status and soil reaction
C
Seed colour
D
Pollen viability only
Question 40Single Answer
Foliar application is particularly useful when nutrients are:
A
Applied directly to leaves
B
Added only to seeds
C
Injected into fruits
D
Added to timber
Question 41Single Answer
Zinc deficiency often results in:
A
Excessive internodal elongation
B
Increased seed size
C
Shortened internodes and small leaves
D
Formation of pneumatophores
Question 42Single Answer
Nutrient deficiency should ideally be corrected on the basis of:
A
Guesswork
B
Plant age only
C
Leaf colour alone in all cases
D
Diagnosis and soil/plant analysis
Question 43Single Answer
Photosynthesis converts light energy into:
A
Mechanical energy
B
Chemical energy
C
Sound energy
D
Nuclear energy
Question 44Single Answer
The primary photosynthetic pigment in higher plants is:
A
Carotene only
B
Anthocyanin
C
Chlorophyll a
D
Xanthophyll only
Question 45Single Answer
Carbon dioxide enters leaves mainly through:
A
Stomata
B
Root hairs
C
Xylem vessels
D
Cuticle only
Question 46Single Answer
Oxygen released during photosynthesis originates mainly from:
A
Water
B
Carbon dioxide
C
Glucose
D
Chlorophyll
Question 47Single Answer
The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in:
A
Stroma
B
Cytoplasm
C
Thylakoid membranes
D
Nucleus
Question 48Single Answer
The Calvin cycle occurs in the:
A
Thylakoid lumen
B
Stroma of chloroplast
C
Nucleus
D
Vacuole
Question 49Single Answer
The main immediate energy currency of cells is:
A
DNA
B
RNA
C
Cellulose
D
ATP
Question 50Single Answer
Glycolysis occurs in the:
A
Cytoplasm
B
Chloroplast grana
C
Nucleus
D
Cell wall
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