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Latest BTSC SMO General Surgery Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : General Surgery

Question Bank BTSC Specialist Medical Officer (General Surgery) Exam - English
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General Surgery

Question 1Single Answer
Which phase of wound healing is characterized by the migration of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen?
  1. A
    Hemostasis
  2. B
    Inflammation
  3. C
    Proliferation
  4. D
    Remodeling
Question 2Single Answer
What is the primary function of platelets during the initial phase of wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Vasodilation
  3. C
    Clot formation
  4. D
    Epithelialization
Question 3Single Answer
Which growth factor is crucial for angiogenesis during wound healing?
  1. A
    TGF-β
  2. B
    PDGF
  3. C
    VEGF
  4. D
    EGF
Question 4Single Answer
What is the role of macrophages in wound healing?
  1. A
    Initial clot formation
  2. B
    Collagen breakdown
  3. C
    Debridement and cytokine release
  4. D
    Epithelial migration
Question 5Single Answer
Which type of collagen is predominantly found in mature scar tissue?
  1. A
    Type I
  2. B
    Type II
  3. C
    Type III
  4. D
    Type IV
Question 6Single Answer
What is the term for excessive scar tissue formation that extends beyond the original wound boundaries?
  1. A
    Hypertrophic scar
  2. B
    Keloid
  3. C
    Contracture
  4. D
    Adhesion
Question 7Single Answer
Which systemic factor can significantly impair wound healing?
  1. A
    Hyperlipidemia
  2. B
    Hypothyroidism
  3. C
    Diabetes mellitus
  4. D
    Hypertension
Question 8Single Answer
What is the primary mechanism of action of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)?
  1. A
    Increasing collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Reducing bacterial load and edema
  3. C
    Promoting epithelialization
  4. D
    Enhancing angiogenesis
Question 9Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hypertrophic scar?
  1. A
    Extends beyond the original wound boundaries
  2. B
    Remains within the original wound boundaries
  3. C
    Is associated with collagen type IV
  4. D
    Typically regresses spontaneously
Question 10Single Answer
What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Collagen degradation
  3. C
    Epithelial migration
  4. D
    Angiogenesis
Question 11Single Answer
Which growth factor is primarily involved in epithelialization?
  1. A
    TGF-β
  2. B
    PDGF
  3. C
    VEGF
  4. D
    EGF
Question 12Single Answer
Which growth factor stimulates fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis?
  1. A
    VEGF
  2. B
    EGF
  3. C
    TGF-β
  4. D
    PDGF
Question 13Single Answer
What is the term for a wound that fails to progress through the normal stages of healing?
  1. A
    Keloid
  2. B
    Chronic wound
  3. C
    Contracture
  4. D
    Adhesion
Question 14Single Answer
Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing?
  1. A
    Vitamin A
  2. B
    Vitamin B12
  3. C
    Vitamin C
  4. D
    Vitamin D
Question 15Single Answer
What is the mechanism of action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in wound healing?
  1. A
    Increasing collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Enhancing angiogenesis and reducing edema
  3. C
    Promoting epithelialization
  4. D
    Reducing bacterial load
Question 16Single Answer
What is the primary role of fibroblasts in wound healing?
  1. A
    Initial clot formation
  2. B
    Collagen synthesis
  3. C
    Debridement
  4. D
    Epithelial migration
Question 17Single Answer
Which of the following is a local factor that can impair wound healing?
  1. A
    Diabetes mellitus
  2. B
    Malnutrition
  3. C
    Infection
  4. D
    Steroid use
Question 18Single Answer
What is the term for the contraction of wound edges leading to deformity?
  1. A
    Keloid
  2. B
    Hypertrophic scar
  3. C
    Contracture
  4. D
    Adhesion
Question 19Single Answer
Which of the following is a recent advance in wound healing?
  1. A
    Traditional wet-to-dry dressings
  2. B
    Growth factor therapy
  3. C
    Simple gauze dressings
  4. D
    Suturing with non-absorbable materials
Question 20Single Answer
What is the function of hyaluronic acid in wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Hydration and cell migration
  3. C
    Debridement
  4. D
    Angiogenesis
Question 21Single Answer
What is the role of zinc in wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen degradation
  2. B
    Epithelial migration
  3. C
    Protein synthesis and cell proliferation
  4. D
    Angiogenesis
Question 22Single Answer
Which cell type is primarily responsible for debridement in the inflammatory phase?
  1. A
    Fibroblasts
  2. B
    Keratinocytes
  3. C
    Macrophages
  4. D
    Endothelial cells
Question 23Single Answer
What is the term for the formation of fibrous bands between tissues or organs?
  1. A
    Keloid
  2. B
    Hypertrophic scar
  3. C
    Contracture
  4. D
    Adhesion
Question 24Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic of a keloid scar?
  1. A
    Remains within the original wound boundaries
  2. B
    Typically regresses spontaneously
  3. C
    Extends beyond the original wound boundaries
  4. D
    Is associated with collagen type III
Question 25Single Answer
What is the mechanism of action of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in wound healing?
  1. A
    Increasing collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Releasing growth factors
  3. C
    Promoting epithelialization
  4. D
    Reducing bacterial load
Question 26Single Answer
What is the role of keratinocytes in wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Epithelial migration and barrier formation
  3. C
    Debridement
  4. D
    Angiogenesis
Question 27Single Answer
What is the term for a wound that is closed primarily by sutures, staples, or adhesive strips?
  1. A
    Secondary intention healing
  2. B
    Tertiary intention healing
  3. C
    Primary intention healing
  4. D
    Delayed primary closure
Question 28Single Answer
Which of the following is a recent advance in wound dressings?
  1. A
    Dry gauze
  2. B
    Traditional cotton bandages
  3. C
    Bioactive dressings
  4. D
    Simple adhesive bandages
Question 29Single Answer
What is the primary function of endothelial cells in wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Angiogenesis
  3. C
    Debridement
  4. D
    Epithelial migration
Question 30Single Answer
What is the primary goal of asepsis?
  1. A
    To kill all microorganisms on a surface
  2. B
    To prevent the introduction of microorganisms into a sterile environment
  3. C
    To reduce the number of microorganisms on the skin
  4. D
    To clean visible dirt and debris
Question 31Single Answer
Which of the following describes antisepsis?
  1. A
    The complete elimination of all microorganisms
  2. B
    The use of chemical agents to kill or inhibit microorganisms on living tissue
  3. C
    The process of making an object free from all microorganisms
  4. D
    The use of physical methods to remove microorganisms
Question 32Single Answer
What is sterilization?
  1. A
    The removal of visible dirt and debris
  2. B
    The destruction of all microbial life, including spores
  3. C
    The inhibition of bacterial growth
  4. D
    The reduction of microorganisms on the skin
Question 33Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of a physical method of sterilization?
  1. A
    Glutaraldehyde
  2. B
    Ethylene oxide gas
  3. C
    Autoclaving
  4. D
    Hydrogen peroxide
Question 34Single Answer
What is the purpose of universal precautions?
  1. A
    To sterilize surgical instruments
  2. B
    To prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens
  3. C
    To clean surgical wounds
  4. D
    To reduce the risk of surgical site infections
Question 35Single Answer
Which of the following is a key component of universal precautions?
  1. A
    Sterilization of all surgical equipment
  2. B
    Hand hygiene
  3. C
    Use of antiseptic solutions on the skin
  4. D
    Autoclaving of all surgical drapes
Question 36Single Answer
What is the most effective method of hand hygiene for preventing the spread of infection in a surgical setting?
  1. A
    Routine hand washing with soap and water
  2. B
    Surgical hand scrub with an antimicrobial agent
  3. C
    Use of alcohol-based hand rub
  4. D
    Wearing sterile gloves
Question 37Single Answer
Which of the following is a chemical method of sterilization?
  1. A
    Dry heat
  2. B
    Radiation
  3. C
    Ethylene oxide gas
  4. D
    Filtration
Question 38Single Answer
What is the purpose of using sterile drapes during surgery?
  1. A
    To clean the surgical site
  2. B
    To create a sterile field
  3. C
    To reduce bleeding
  4. D
    To prevent wound dehiscence
Question 39Single Answer
What is the recommended temperature and time for autoclaving surgical instruments?
  1. A
    100°C for 15 minutes
  2. B
    121°C for 15 minutes
  3. C
    134°C for 3 minutes
  4. D
    Both b and c.
Question 40Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of an antiseptic agent?
  1. A
    Formaldehyde
  2. B
    Glutaraldehyde
  3. C
    Chlorhexidine
  4. D
    Hydrogen peroxide (high concentration)
Question 41Single Answer
What is the purpose of using biological indicators in sterilization?
  1. A
    To confirm the temperature of the sterilizer
  2. B
    To verify that the sterilization process has effectively killed all microorganisms, including spores
  3. C
    To measure the concentration of the sterilizing agent
  4. D
    To check the pressure of the sterilizer
Question 42Single Answer
What is the primary risk associated with inadequate sterilization of surgical instruments?
  1. A
    Increased bleeding
  2. B
    Surgical site infection
  3. C
    Delayed wound healing
  4. D
    Keloid formation
Question 43Single Answer
What is the purpose of using personal protective equipment (PPE) in a surgical setting?
  1. A
    To create a sterile field
  2. B
    To prevent the transmission of microorganisms
  3. C
    To clean surgical instruments
  4. D
    To reduce bleeding
Question 44Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of PPE?
  1. A
    Sterile drapes
  2. B
    Antiseptic solutions
  3. C
    Gloves, gowns, and masks
  4. D
    Biological indicators
Question 45Single Answer
What is the purpose of using sharps containers?
  1. A
    To sterilize sharp instruments
  2. B
    To prevent needlestick injuries
  3. C
    To clean surgical wounds
  4. D
    To reduce bleeding
Question 46Single Answer
What is the recommended procedure for handling a needlestick injury?
  1. A
    Ignore the injury
  2. B
    Wash the wound with soap and water and report the incident
  3. C
    Apply antiseptic solution and continue working
  4. D
    Wear gloves and ignore the injury
Question 47Single Answer
What is the purpose of using laminar airflow in an operating room?
  1. A
    To increase the temperature
  2. B
    To reduce the number of airborne microorganisms
  3. C
    To improve lighting
  4. D
    To enhance ventilation
Question 48Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic of an ideal antiseptic agent?
  1. A
    Rapid action and broad spectrum
  2. B
    Irritating to tissues
  3. C
    Inexpensive but narrow spectrum
  4. D
    Slow acting and toxic
Question 49Single Answer
What is the purpose of using chemical indicators in sterilization?
  1. A
    To confirm the temperature of the sterilizer
  2. B
    To indicate that the items have been exposed to the sterilization process
  3. C
    To measure the concentration of the sterilizing agent
  4. D
    To check the pressure of the sterilizer
Question 50Single Answer
What is the primary risk associated with inadequate antisepsis of the surgical site?
  1. A
    Increased bleeding
  2. B
    Surgical site infection
  3. C
    Delayed wound healing
  4. D
    Keloid formation
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