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Latest BTSC SMO Pediatrics Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : Pediatrics

Question Bank BTSC Specialist Medical Officer (Pediatrics) Exam - English
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Pediatrics

Question 1Single Answer
Which anatomical feature makes infants more prone to respiratory distress?
  1. A
    Larger lung capacity
  2. B
    Smaller diameter of airways
  3. C
    Increased chest wall rigidity
  4. D
    Enhanced diaphragmatic function
Question 2Single Answer
What is the primary muscle of respiration in infants?
  1. A
    Intercostal muscles
  2. B
    Abdominal muscles
  3. C
    Diaphragm
  4. D
    Sternocleidomastoid muscles
Question 3Single Answer
The respiratory rate in a newborn is typically:
  1. A
    12-20 breaths/minute
  2. B
    20-30 breaths/minute
  3. C
    30-60 breaths/minute
  4. D
    60-80 breaths/minute
Question 4Single Answer
Which structure is responsible for gas exchange in the lungs?
  1. A
    Bronchioles
  2. B
    Alveoli
  3. C
    Trachea
  4. D
    Bronchi
Question 5Single Answer
What is the significance of surfactant in newborns?
  1. A
    Increases airway resistance
  2. B
    Reduces surface tension in alveoli
  3. C
    Enhances mucus production
  4. D
    Stimulates cough reflex
Question 6Single Answer
The narrowest part of the pediatric airway is the:
  1. A
    Glottis
  2. B
    Subglottis
  3. C
    Bronchi
  4. D
    Trachea
Question 7Single Answer
What is the primary function of cilia in the respiratory tract?
  1. A
    Gas exchange
  2. B
    Mucus production
  3. C
    Removal of debris
  4. D
    Regulation of breathing rate
Question 8Single Answer
The functional residual capacity (FRC) in infants is relatively:
  1. A
    Higher than adults
  2. B
    Lower than adults
  3. C
    Equal to adults
  4. D
    Variable
Question 9Single Answer
Which fetal structure bypasses the lungs, shunting blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta?
  1. A
    Foramen ovale
  2. B
    Ductus arteriosus
  3. C
    Ductus venosus
  4. D
    Umbilical vein
Question 10Single Answer
What is the significance of the cartilaginous support in the pediatric trachea?
  1. A
    Provides rigidity
  2. B
    Allows for flexibility
  3. C
    Enhances gas exchange
  4. D
    Increases mucus production
Question 11Single Answer
Which virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis?
  1. A
    Influenza virus
  2. B
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  3. C
    Rhinovirus
  4. D
    Adenovirus
Question 12Single Answer
What is the primary characteristic of asthma?
  1. A
    Fixed airway obstruction
  2. B
    Reversible airway obstruction
  3. C
    Alveolar collapse
  4. D
    Increased mucus production
Question 13Single Answer
Which bacterial pathogen is a common cause of pneumonia in children?
  1. A
    RSV
  2. B
    Streptococcus pneumoniae
  3. C
    Rhinovirus
  4. D
    Adenovirus
Question 14Single Answer
What is the most common form of tuberculosis in children?
  1. A
    Pulmonary tuberculosis
  2. B
    Miliary tuberculosis
  3. C
    Lymph node tuberculosis
  4. D
    Meningeal tuberculosis
Question 15Single Answer
Which clinical sign is indicative of severe respiratory distress in infants?
  1. A
    Mild cough
  2. B
    Nasal flaring
  3. C
    Slow breathing
  4. D
    Decreased appetite
Question 16Single Answer
What is the first-line treatment for acute bronchiolitis?
  1. A
    Antibiotics
  2. B
    Bronchodilators
  3. C
    Supportive care
  4. D
    Corticosteroids
Question 17Single Answer
Which medication is commonly used for long-term asthma control?
  1. A
    Albuterol
  2. B
    Salmeterol
  3. C
    Inhaled corticosteroids
  4. D
    Epinephrine
Question 18Single Answer
What is the Mantoux test used for?
  1. A
    Diagnosing pneumonia
  2. B
    Screening for tuberculosis
  3. C
    Assessing asthma severity
  4. D
    Evaluating bronchiolitis
Question 19Single Answer
Which condition is characterized by a "barking" cough and stridor?
  1. A
    Bronchiolitis
  2. B
    Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
  3. C
    Asthma
  4. D
    Pneumonia
Question 20Single Answer
What is the most common cause of pneumonia in neonates?
  1. A
    RSV
  2. B
    Group B Streptococcus
  3. C
    Streptococcus pneumoniae
  4. D
    Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Question 21Single Answer
What is a common complication of severe bronchiolitis?
  1. A
    Pneumothorax
  2. B
    Apnea
  3. C
    Asthma exacerbation
  4. D
    Pulmonary embolism
Question 22Single Answer
What is the primary mechanism of asthma exacerbation?
  1. A
    Alveolar collapse
  2. B
    Bronchospasm and inflammation
  3. C
    Increased mucus production
  4. D
    Pulmonary edema
Question 23Single Answer
Which medication is used for acute asthma exacerbations?
  1. A
    Inhaled corticosteroids
  2. B
    Albuterol
  3. C
    Leukotriene modifiers
  4. D
    Cromolyn sodium
Question 24Single Answer
What is the significance of a positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold test?
  1. A
    Active tuberculosis infection
  2. B
    Latent tuberculosis infection
  3. C
    Asthma diagnosis
  4. D
    RSV infection
Question 25Single Answer
Which condition presents with wheezing, cough, and respiratory distress triggered by allergens?
  1. A
    Bronchiolitis
  2. B
    Pneumonia
  3. C
    Asthma
  4. D
    Croup
Question 26Single Answer
What does spirometry measure?
  1. A
    Blood oxygen levels
  2. B
    Lung volumes and flow rates
  3. C
    Airway resistance
  4. D
    Pulmonary artery pressure
Question 27Single Answer
Which imaging modality is commonly used to diagnose pneumonia?
  1. A
    Ultrasound
  2. B
    Chest X-ray
  3. C
    MRI
  4. D
    CT scan
Question 28Single Answer
What does blood gas analysis assess?
  1. A
    Lung volumes
  2. B
    Blood pH and gas levels
  3. C
    Airway resistance
  4. D
    Pulmonary function
Question 29Single Answer
Which spirometry parameter is reduced in obstructive lung diseases like asthma?
  1. A
    Total lung capacity (TLC)
  2. B
    Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)
  3. C
    Residual volume (RV)
  4. D
    Vital capacity (VC)
Question 30Single Answer
What is the purpose of pulse oximetry?
  1. A
    Measure blood pressure
  2. B
    Estimate blood oxygen saturation
  3. C
    Assess lung volumes
  4. D
    Measure heart rate
Question 31Single Answer
Which imaging finding is suggestive of bronchiolitis?
  1. A
    Hyperinflation
  2. B
    Consolidation
  3. C
    Pleural effusion
  4. D
    Cavitation
Question 32Single Answer
What is the significance of a high PCO in blood gas analysis?
  1. A
    Metabolic acidosis
  2. B
    Respiratory acidosis
  3. C
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. D
    Respiratory alkalosis
Question 33Single Answer
Which diagnostic test is used to assess airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma?
  1. A
    Chest X-ray
  2. B
    Methacholine challenge test
  3. C
    Blood culture
  4. D
    Sputum culture
Question 34Single Answer
What is the purpose of a sweat chloride test?
  1. A
    Diagnose asthma
  2. B
    Diagnose cystic fibrosis
  3. C
    Diagnose pneumonia
  4. D
    Diagnose tuberculosis
Question 35Single Answer
Which imaging finding is suggestive of pneumonia?
  1. A
    Hyperinflation
  2. B
    Consolidation
  3. C
    Pneumothorax
  4. D
    Atelectasis
Question 36Single Answer
What does a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) indicate?
  1. A
    Active tuberculosis infection
  2. B
    Exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  3. C
    Asthma diagnosis
  4. D
    RSV infection
Question 37Single Answer
Which spirometry parameter is increased in restrictive lung diseases?
  1. A
    FEV1
  2. B
    FVC
  3. C
    TLC
  4. D
    RV
Question 38Single Answer
What is the significance of a low PO in blood gas analysis?
  1. A
    Hyperventilation
  2. B
    Hypoxemia
  3. C
    Hypercapnia
  4. D
    Alkalosis
Question 39Single Answer
Which diagnostic test is used to identify specific viral pathogens in respiratory infections?
  1. A
    Blood culture
  2. B
    Sputum culture
  3. C
    PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
  4. D
    Chest X-ray
Question 40Single Answer
What is the purpose of a bronchoscopy in pediatric respiratory medicine?
  1. A
    To measure lung volumes
  2. B
    To visualize the airways and obtain samples
  3. C
    To assess blood gas levels
  4. D
    To perform spirometry
Question 41Single Answer
Which imaging modality is used to assess pulmonary embolism?
  1. A
    Chest X-ray
  2. B
    CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA)
  3. C
    Ultrasound
  4. D
    MRI
Question 42Single Answer
What is the significance of a high pH and low PCO in blood gas analysis?
  1. A
    Metabolic acidosis
  2. B
    Respiratory acidosis
  3. C
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. D
    Respiratory alkalosis
Question 43Single Answer
Which diagnostic test is used to assess the presence of specific antibodies in the blood?
  1. A
    Sputum culture
  2. B
    Blood culture
  3. C
    Serology
  4. D
    Spirometry
Question 44Single Answer
What is the purpose of a pleural fluid analysis?
  1. A
    To assess lung volumes
  2. B
    To identify the cause of pleural effusion
  3. C
    To measure blood gas levels
  4. D
    To perform spirometry
Question 45Single Answer
Which imaging finding is suggestive of pneumothorax?
  1. A
    Consolidation
  2. B
    Hyperinflation
  3. C
    Absence of lung markings
  4. D
    Pleural effusion
Question 46Single Answer
What is the significance of a low pH and high PCO in blood gas analysis?
  1. A
    Metabolic acidosis
  2. B
    Respiratory acidosis
  3. C
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. D
    Respiratory alkalosis
Question 47Single Answer
Which diagnostic test is used to identify specific bacterial pathogens in respiratory infections?
  1. A
    PCR
  2. B
    Serology
  3. C
    Sputum culture
  4. D
    Spirometry
Question 48Single Answer
What is the purpose of a polysomnography (sleep study) in pediatric respiratory medicine?
  1. A
    To measure lung volumes
  2. B
    To diagnose sleep-disordered breathing
  3. C
    To assess blood gas levels
  4. D
    To perform spirometry
Question 49Single Answer
Which imaging modality is used to assess congenital lung malformations?
  1. A
    Chest X-ray
  2. B
    CT scan
  3. C
    Ultrasound
  4. D
    MRI
Question 50Single Answer
What is the significance of a low pH and low HCO in blood gas analysis?
  1. A
    Metabolic acidosis
  2. B
    Respiratory acidosis
  3. C
    Metabolic alkalosis
  4. D
    Respiratory alkalosis
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