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Objective Questions

Latest BTSC SMO Physician Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : Physician

Question Bank BTSC Specialist Medical Officer (Physician) Exam - English
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Physician

Question 1Single Answer
Which of the following is a Mendelian disorder?
  1. A
    Hypertension
  2. B
    Diabetes
  3. C
    Cystic fibrosis
  4. D
    Alzheimer’s disease
Question 2Single Answer
Which law states that alleles segregate independently during gamete formation?
  1. A
    Law of Dominance
  2. B
    Law of Segregation
  3. C
    Law of Independent Assortment
  4. D
    Hardy-Weinberg Law
Question 3Single Answer
Down syndrome is caused by:
  1. A
    Deletion
  2. B
    Trisomy 21
  3. C
    Monosomy X
  4. D
    Translocation
Question 4Single Answer
Turner syndrome results from which chromosomal abnormality?
  1. A
    XXY
  2. B
    Trisomy 13
  3. C
    Monosomy X
  4. D
    Robertsonian translocation
Question 5Single Answer
Which of the following disorders follows mitochondrial inheritance?
  1. A
    Hemophilia
  2. B
    Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
  3. C
    Huntington’s disease
  4. D
    Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Question 6Single Answer
The process of copying DNA into RNA is called:
  1. A
    Translation
  2. B
    Replication
  3. C
    Transcription
  4. D
    Transposition
Question 7Single Answer
Which enzyme is responsible for DNA replication?
  1. A
    RNA polymerase
  2. B
    DNA helicase
  3. C
    DNA polymerase
  4. D
    Ligase
Question 8Single Answer
Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder?
  1. A
    Cystic fibrosis
  2. B
    Huntington’s disease
  3. C
    Sickle cell anemia
  4. D
    Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Question 9Single Answer
Which type of mutation results in a premature stop codon?
  1. A
    Missense mutation
  2. B
    Silent mutation
  3. C
    Nonsense mutation
  4. D
    Frameshift mutation
Question 10Single Answer
Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with Cri-du-chat syndrome?
  1. A
    Trisomy 18
  2. B
    Deletion in chromosome 5
  3. C
    Translocation in chromosome 22
  4. D
    Inversion in chromosome 16
Question 11Single Answer
Which condition is commonly associated with the "Philadelphia chromosome"?
  1. A
    Cystic fibrosis
  2. B
    Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
  3. C
    Huntington’s disease
  4. D
    Tay-Sachs disease
Question 12Single Answer
Which disorder is characterized by a defect in the CFTR gene?
  1. A
    Cystic fibrosis
  2. B
    Phenylketonuria
  3. C
    Hemophilia A
  4. D
    Fragile X syndrome
Question 13Single Answer
Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with Klinefelter syndrome?
  1. A
    47, XXY
  2. B
    45, XO
  3. C
    Trisomy 18
  4. D
    Deletion on chromosome 15
Question 14Single Answer
Which genetic disorder is caused by a triplet repeat expansion?
  1. A
    Turner syndrome
  2. B
    Fragile X syndrome
  3. C
    Tay-Sachs disease
  4. D
    Albinism
Question 15Single Answer
Which term describes genes located on the same chromosome?
  1. A
    Alleles
  2. B
    Linked genes
  3. C
    Homologous genes
  4. D
    Pseudogenes
Question 16Single Answer
The most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia is a deficiency of:
  1. A
    21-hydroxylase
  2. B
    11-hydroxylase
  3. C
    17-hydroxylase
  4. D
    Aromatase
Question 17Single Answer
Which of the following is a polygenic disorder?
  1. A
    Sickle cell anemia
  2. B
    Marfan syndrome
  3. C
    Coronary artery disease
  4. D
    Hemophilia
Question 18Single Answer
Which type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?
  1. A
    mRNA
  2. B
    tRNA
  3. C
    rRNA
  4. D
    snRNA
Question 19Single Answer
Which genetic disorder results from a defect in the beta-globin gene?
  1. A
    Huntington’s disease
  2. B
    Tay-Sachs disease
  3. C
    Sickle cell anemia
  4. D
    Fragile X syndrome
Question 20Single Answer
Which syndrome is characterized by an absence of the paternal copy of genes on chromosome 15?
  1. A
    Angelman syndrome
  2. B
    Prader-Willi syndrome
  3. C
    Marfan syndrome
  4. D
    Down syndrome
Question 21Single Answer
The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are strongly linked to which type of cancer?
  1. A
    Lung cancer
  2. B
    Prostate cancer
  3. C
    Breast cancer
  4. D
    Colon cancer
Question 22Single Answer
Which condition is associated with a defect in the FBN1 gene?
  1. A
    Marfan syndrome
  2. B
    Hemophilia B
  3. C
    Wilson’s disease
  4. D
    Tay-Sachs disease
Question 23Single Answer
A mutation that replaces one amino acid with another is known as:
  1. A
    Nonsense mutation
  2. B
    Silent mutation
  3. C
    Missense mutation
  4. D
    Frameshift mutation
Question 24Single Answer
Which syndrome is characterized by an absence of melanin production?
  1. A
    Albinism
  2. B
    Turner syndrome
  3. C
    Williams syndrome
  4. D
    Rett syndrome
Question 25Single Answer
Which genetic test technique is used to identify chromosomal abnormalities?
  1. A
    PCR
  2. B
    Western blotting
  3. C
    Karyotyping
  4. D
    ELISA
Question 26Single Answer
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix during replication?
  1. A
    DNA ligase
  2. B
    DNA helicase
  3. C
    RNA polymerase
  4. D
    Topoisomerase
Question 27Single Answer
What is the primary role of oncogenes in cancer?
  1. A
    DNA repair
  2. B
    Tumor suppression
  3. C
    Cell growth and division
  4. D
    Immune response
Question 28Single Answer
Which gene is commonly mutated in cystic fibrosis?
  1. A
    FMR1
  2. B
    CFTR
  3. C
    HEXA
  4. D
    PKU
Question 29Single Answer
Which disorder is characterized by progressive muscle degeneration?
  1. A
    Myasthenia gravis
  2. B
    Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  3. C
    Huntington’s disease
  4. D
    Alzheimer’s disease
Question 30Single Answer
Which genetic disorder is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A?
  1. A
    Tay-Sachs disease
  2. B
    Phenylketonuria
  3. C
    Cystic fibrosis
  4. D
    Marfan syndrome
Question 31Single Answer
Which of the following is an X-linked recessive disorder?
  1. A
    Turner syndrome
  2. B
    Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  3. C
    Cystic fibrosis
  4. D
    Down syndrome
Question 32Single Answer
Which type of mutation involves the insertion or deletion of nucleotides in DNA, causing a shift in the reading frame?
  1. A
    Silent mutation
  2. B
    Missense mutation
  3. C
    Nonsense mutation
  4. D
    Frameshift mutation
Question 33Single Answer
Which of the following genetic disorders is associated with a deletion on chromosome 22?
  1. A
    DiGeorge syndrome
  2. B
    Huntington’s disease
  3. C
    Marfan syndrome
  4. D
    Klinefelter syndrome
Question 34Single Answer
The presence of an extra chromosome in a karyotype is called:
  1. A
    Monosomy
  2. B
    Trisomy
  3. C
    Tetraploidy
  4. D
    Nullisomy
Question 35Single Answer
Which genetic disorder results from a mutation in the HBB gene?
  1. A
    Hemophilia A
  2. B
    Sickle cell anemia
  3. C
    Duchenne muscular dystrophy
  4. D
    Tay-Sachs disease
Question 36Single Answer
Which of the following techniques is commonly used to amplify DNA?
  1. A
    PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
  2. B
    ELISA
  3. C
    Southern blotting
  4. D
    Western blotting
Question 37Single Answer
Which chromosomal condition is associated with Edward's syndrome?
  1. A
    Trisomy 13
  2. B
    Trisomy 18
  3. C
    Trisomy 21
  4. D
    Monosomy X
Question 38Single Answer
Which genetic disorder is caused by a defect in the PAH gene, leading to the inability to metabolize phenylalanine?
  1. A
    Phenylketonuria (PKU)
  2. B
    Tay-Sachs disease
  3. C
    Albinism
  4. D
    Fragile X syndrome
Question 39Single Answer
Which technique is used to analyze the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of cells?
  1. A
    FISH (Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization)
  2. B
    PCR
  3. C
    Karyotyping
  4. D
    CRISPR-Cas9
Question 40Single Answer
Which genetic testing technique is best for detecting chromosomal abnormalities?
  1. A
    PCR
  2. B
    Western blotting
  3. C
    Karyotyping
  4. D
    ELISA
Question 41Single Answer
Which technique allows amplification of specific DNA sequences?
  1. A
    PCR
  2. B
    Northern blotting
  3. C
    Microarray
  4. D
    Electrophoresis
Question 42Single Answer
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) is primarily used for:
  1. A
    Protein analysis
  2. B
    RNA expression
  3. C
    Comprehensive genomic analysis
  4. D
    Enzyme activity measurement
Question 43Single Answer
Which genetic disorder is often identified using PCR?
  1. A
    Down syndrome
  2. B
    Sickle cell anemia
  3. C
    Turner syndrome
  4. D
    Klinefelter syndrome
Question 44Single Answer
Which cytokine is crucial in fighting viral infections?
  1. A
    IL-1
  2. B
    IL-6
  3. C
    Interferon-alpha (IFN-α)
  4. D
    TNF-α
Question 45Single Answer
Genetic counseling is recommended for parents with a history of:
  1. A
    Infectious diseases
  2. B
    Diabetes
  3. C
    Recurrent miscarriages and genetic disorders
  4. D
    Hypertension
Question 46Single Answer
Which of the following genetic techniques helps detect point mutations?
  1. A
    PCR
  2. B
    Karyotyping
  3. C
    ELISA
  4. D
    Flow cytometry
Question 47Single Answer
Which gene is commonly associated with breast cancer susceptibility?
  1. A
    BRCA1
  2. B
    CFTR
  3. C
    HBB
  4. D
    APC
Question 48Single Answer
Which type of gene prevents uncontrolled cell growth and reduces cancer risk?
  1. A
    Oncogene
  2. B
    Proto-oncogene
  3. C
    Tumor suppressor gene
  4. D
    Structural gene
Question 49Single Answer
Which gene mutation is linked to familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)?
  1. A
    BRCA2
  2. B
    CFTR
  3. C
    APC
  4. D
    TP53
Question 50Single Answer
The study of genetic influence on individual responses to drugs is called:
  1. A
    Pharmacodynamics
  2. B
    Pharmacogenomics
  3. C
    Pharmacokinetics
  4. D
    Immunogenetics
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