The following pedigree chart shows inheritance of a given trait  The trait can be called  :

 In a heterozygous individual for a given gene, if a crossing over has occurred between the gene locus and the centromere of the chromosome,  the segregation of the two alleles of the given gene will  occur during meiosis at :

Most members of bryopyte phylum Anthocerophyta are characterized by : 

Identify the correct match between the animal (flatworm, earthworm, roundween)  and  its body cavity type ( Acoelomate,  Coelomate,  Pseudocoelomate)  :

Which one of the following gymnosperm phyla produces motile sperms,  bears ovulate and  microsporangiate cones on separate plants and has fleshy,  coated seeds?

According to  2014  IUCN Red List,  which of the following vertebrate classes has the largest percentage of threatened species? 

In the following  equations

exponential  population growth is described by  :

Which gas does NOT  contribute to global  warming through its greenhouse effect  ?

A  red coloured tubular flower without any odour is most likely to be pollinated by?

Which one of the following conditions is NOT likely to favour male monogamy  ?

The origin and diversification of Angiosperms was during which geological period?

Which of the following statements about evolution is NOT  true  ?

Which among the following is the simplest method to estimate the concentration of glycerol in an aqueous solution of glycerol?

Application of gene therapy in clinical trials did NOT succeed due to :

A gene expressing a 50  kDa  protein from an eukaryotic was cloned in an E. coli plasmid under the lac promoter and operator. Upon addition of  IPTG,  the. 50  kDa protein was not detected. Which one of the following explains the above observation  ?

Neomycin phosphotransferase gene,  frequently used as a selection marker during plant transformation,  inactivates which one of the following antibiotics?

 Which one of the following techniques will you use to identify more than  1000 differentially expressed genes in normal and tumour tissues in one single experiment?

For identification of three proteins moving together ( as a single band)  upon loading in a single lane of a  SDS - PAGE gel,  the best method is :

Which isotopes below is best suited for metabolic labelling of glyceraldehyde - 3 - phospho-dehydrogenase?

Which one of the following would contribute to intrinsic fluorescence to a protein?

Which one of the following statements is correct?

Membrane proteins are synthesized on endoplasmic reticulum and transported to various organelle membranes. One hypothesis for membrane protein sorting is hydrophobicity matching i. e.,  the proteins with a shorter transmembrane portion would partition into thinner membranes.    You are given the following three observations.
(a)  It was found that transmembrane portions of proteins in golgi membranes are shorter than those in plasma membraned
(b)  Presence of chesterol increases the thickness of the bilayer
C.  The phospholipid composition of golgi and plasma membranes are same
Which one of the following statements is correct?

The exact backbone dihedral angles in a folded protein can be obtained by  :

The following are the statements about pyruvate kinase  (PK)  :
(a)   ATP  is an allosteric inhibitor of  PK
(b)   Fructose  1, 6 biphosphate is an activator of  PK
(c)  ADP  is an allosteric inhibitor of  PK
(d)  Alanine is as n  allosteric modulator of  PK
Which of the above statement(s) are true  ?

A practical class was going on where the students were demonstrating  ATP synthesis in vitro using active mitochondria.  Some students added one of the following to their tubes :
(a)  Dinitrophenol  ( DNP), an uncoupler
(b)  Mild acidification of the medium
(c)  Glutilferone,  that permeabilizes both the membranes
(d)  An outer membrane permeable   H+  quencher compound,  Elila.
In which one of the above,  ATP  synthesis will be detected  ?

Plant development is influenced by

A culture medium contains two carbon sources,  one is preferred carbon source ( glucose)  and  the second is a non-preferred source  ( lactose)  .  Which one below is correct regrading the nature of growth curve of  E.  coli cultured in this medium?

Which one of the following statements correctly applies to proteins which are translated on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Lipid rafts are rich in both sphingolipids and cholesterol. Cholesterol plays a central role in raft formation since lipid rafts apparently do not form in its absence. Why do you think cholesterol is essential for the formation of lipid rafts?

Following is the domain organization of three proteins that are targeted to the mitochondria. Based on the domain organization in the above figure and assuming the left box to be having the mitochondrial sorting signal, predict the most likely sub-compartment of the mitochondria in which the protein will be found.

You have labelled  DNA  in a bacterium by growing cells in the medium containing either  ¹⁴N  nitrogen or the heavier isotope,  ¹⁵N. Furthermore, you have isolated pure  DNA  from these organisms, and subjected it to CsCI  density gradient centrifugation leading to their separation of light ( ¹⁴N)  and  heavy (¹⁵N)  forms of  DNA  to different locations in the centrifuge tube. In the next experiment, bacteria were grown first in medium containing ¹⁵N,  so that all the  DNA  made by cells will be in heavy form. Then these cells were transferred to medium containing only  ¹⁴N  and  allowed the cells to divide for one generation.  DNAs were extracted and centrifuged as above in the  CsCI  gradient.  A hybrid  DNA  band was observed at a position located between and equidistant from the  ¹⁵N  and  ¹⁴N  DNA  bands. Based on the above observation,  which one of the following conclusions is correct  ?

The frequency of cells in a population that are undergoing mitosis ( the mitotic index)  is a convenient way to estimate the length of the cell cycle. In order to measure the cell cycle in the liver of the adult mouse by measuring the mitotic index,  liver slices are prepared and stained to easily identify cells undergoing mitosis. It was observed that only undergoing mitosis. It was observed that only  3 out of  25000  cells are found to be undergoing mitosis. Assuming that  M phase lasts  30  minutes,  calculate the approximate length of the cell cycle in the liver of an adult  mouse? 

Although ribonucleoside triphosphates  ( rNTPs)  are present at approximately  10 - fold higher concentration than deoxyribonu-cleoside triphosphates  ( dNTPs)  in the cell,  but they are incorporated into  DNA  at a rate that is more than  1000 - fold lower than dNTPs. This is because  :

The mismatch repair activity if  E. coli repairs misincorporated bases which is not removed by the proofreading activity of  DNA polymerase. However,  while doing so, it  has to decide which strand of the  DNA  is newly synthesized and which one is parental. Mismatch repair system does it by which one of the following ways?

Enlisted below are different types of  RNAs produced in the cell  ( Column A)  and their  functions ( Column B), but not in the same order.
Column A              Column B
(a)  snRNAs          (i)  turn off gene expression by directing degradation of
                                 selective  mRNAs.
(b)  siRNAs          (ii)  regulate gene expression by blocking translation of selective
                                 mRNAs.
(c)  miRNAs         (iii)  function in a variety of processes including splicing of pre-
                                 mRNA.
(d)  snoRNAs        (iv)  used to process and chemically modify  rRNAs.
Choose the correct combination.

In prokaryotes, the initiator t-RNA is first charged with a methionine,  followed by the addition of a formyl group to the methionine by the enzyme  Met - tRNA   teansformylase. Given below are several statements in this context.
(a)  All projaryotic proteins have formyl methionine at their amino -terminal end.
(b)  Deformylase removes the formyl group from the amino terminal methionine.
(c)  All  prokaryotic proteins have methionine at their amino terminal end.
(d)  Aminopeptidases often remove the amino terminal methionine.
(e)  Aminopeptidases remove amino terminal formyl methionine.
Which of the above statement(s) are most likely to be true?

A hypothetical operon involved in the synthesis of an amino acid ' X ' is ' ON' ( transcribing) in the presence of low levels of ' X ' and  ' OFF ' ( not transcribing)  in presence of high level of ' X'. The symbols a,  b and  c (in the table below)  represent a structural gene for the synthesis of X (X - synthase),  the operator region and gene encoding the rwpressor - but not  necessarily in that order. From the following data,  in which superscripts denote wild type or detective genotype, identify which are the genes for  X - synthase,  operator region and the repressir.

The respective genes for ' X ' --- synthase,  the operator region and repressor are  :

A protein has  4 equally spaced trypsin sensitive sites which results in peptide fragments  A₁,  A₂,  A₃,  A₄,  and   A₅, upon digestion with trypsin. The peptides  A₂ and  upon A₅ represents  N-terminal  and  C-terminal  fragments respectively. Now you are asked to synthesize this protein. At time t = 0  you added all the  20 amino acids labelled with ¹⁴C  and  initiated the synthesis. At time t = 1 and  digest the protein with trypsin,  which peptide will have maximum  ¹⁴C  label than others  ?

Which one of the following statements about the nuclear receptor superfamily is NOT  true? 

Physical attachment between cells is very important in imparting strength in tissues. Various physical cell junctions in vertebrate epithelial tissue are classified according to their primary functions.  Enlisted below in column  A is the major function of a particular junction and column  B enlists cell junctions,  but not in the same order.
 Column  A.                                                       Column B
(a) Seals gap between epithelial cells       (i)  Desmosomes
(b) Connects actin filament bundle in        (ii)  Hemidesmosomes 
one cell with that in the next cell       
(c) Connects intermediate filements in      (iii)  Tight junction
one cell to those in the next cell     
(d) Anchors intermediate filenents in a       (iv) Adherens junction 
cell to extracellular matrix               
Choose the correct combination  :

G - protein coupled receptors (GPCR)  consist of three protein subunits α, ϒ and  β. In unstimulated state, a  subunit is  GDP  bound and GPCR  is inactive. When  GPCR  gets activated,  it acts like guenine nucleotide exchange (GEF) factor and induces α - subunit to release its bound  GDP allowing  GTP  to bind in its bound  GDP allowing  GTP to bind in its place. In order to regulate  G-protein activity by regulting  GDP/GTP concentration,  α  subunit acts  as  :

Cellular level of tumor suppressor protein  p⁵³ is maintained by the ubiquitin ligase protein, Mdm2. Over expression of  Mdm2 was found to convert a normal cell into cancer cells by destabilizing  p⁵³. Another protein  p19 ^ARF  inhibits the activity of  Mdm2  thus stabilizing p⁵³. Loss of  p19^ARF  function also converts normal cells into  cancer cells. Based on the above information,  which one of the following statements is correct  ?

The relation between cellular immune response generated against hepatitis  C virus is the critical determinant of the outcome of infection. Given below are representative figures of cellular immune response in column  I and  various outcome of infection in column II.

Choose the best possible combination  :

There are various sunglasses of antibodies found in body fluids and body secretions. Many different functions may be attributed to these subclasses. Given below in column  I  is major functions of different subclasses and column II  consists of the name of the subclass.
              Column  I                                       Column I
(a) Binds to macrophages by F_c                   (i)  IgA
(b)  Binds to mast cells and basophils        (ii)   IgD
(c)  First  B  cell receptor                              (iii)   IgE
(d)  No major specific function known        (iv)  IgG
other than antigen binding        
(e)  Protector of mucous membrane          (v)   IgM
Select the correct combination :

Instructive and permissive interactions are two major modes of inductive interaction during development. The following compares some properties of cell lines and cord blood stem cells. Cell lines,  which are stored in liquid nitrogen, can be retrieved for experiments, where they behave as per their original self. Cord blood can also be retrieved from liquid nitrogen for procuring stem cells. Unlike cell lines, the stem cells can be additionally induced to undergo differentiation into desired linkages, which are very different from their original self. The behavior of cell lines and stem cells is analogous to which of the interactions  ?

Following are certain statements regarding morphogen gradients and cell specification :
(a)  Morphogens can always transcription factors
(b)  Morphogens can be paracrine factors that are produced in one group of cells and travel to another population of cells
(c)  When the concentration of a morphogen drops below a certain threshold, cells stop differentiating and never get determined to another fate
(d)  Morphogen gradients are involved in conditional specification
Which combination of the above statements is true  ?

 Successful fertilization in sea urchin demands specific interaction between proteins and receptors of sperms and eggs. In view of the above, which one of the following combinations is correct  ?

Following statements are made in relation to the five widely recognized stages of Arabidopsis embryogenesis :
(a)  The fusion of haploid egg and sperm takes place ,in Globular stage
(b)  Rapid cell division in two regions on either side of the future shoot apex forms Heart stage
(c)  The cell elongation throughout  the embryo axis and further development result in  Torpedo stage
(d)  The embryo loses water and becauses metabolically inactive in the  Zygotic stage
Which combination of the above statements is correct  ?

The following are statements regrading the development and maintenance of anterior and posterior compartments in each segment of  Drosophila :
(a)  Expression of wingless and engrailed is activated by pair-rule genes
(b)  Continued expression of wingless and engrailed is maintained by interaction between the cells expressing Engrailed and Wingless proteins
(c)  Hedgehog is expressed in wingless expressing cells and forms short -range gradient
(d)  Hedgehog is a transcription factor
(e)  Engrailed is a secretory factor and binds with the patched receptor of the wingless expressing cells.
Which one of the following combinations of above statements is correct?