Child Psychology and Development, Pedagogy, Teaching Learning processes
Question 1Single Answer
Development refers primarily to:
A
Increase in height only
B
Qualitative and quantitative changes in an individual
C
Memorization of information
D
Physical growth only
Question 2Single Answer
Growth is mainly associated with:
A
Emotional maturity only
B
Moral reasoning only
C
Quantitative changes
D
Socialization only
Question 3Single Answer
Development is considered:
A
A sudden process
B
Independent of learning
C
Limited to childhood
D
A continuous process
Question 4Single Answer
Which statement correctly describes development?
A
All children develop at exactly the same rate
B
Development stops after adolescence
C
Development involves different interrelated dimensions
D
Development is entirely determined by heredity
Question 5Single Answer
Learning is best described as:
A
A relatively lasting change in behaviour or knowledge due to experience
B
Increase in body weight
C
A genetically fixed process
D
Physical maturation alone
Question 6Single Answer
Development and learning are:
A
Completely unrelated
B
Opposite processes
C
Closely interconnected
D
Relevant only in adulthood
Question 7Single Answer
Maturation refers to changes mainly resulting from:
A
Classroom examinations
B
Punishment
C
Natural biological growth
D
Rote learning
Question 8Single Answer
A child's ability to learn a skill depends partly on:
A
Number of textbooks
B
School uniform
C
Developmental readiness
D
Marks obtained by friends
Question 9Single Answer
Which is an example of qualitative development?
A
Improvement in reasoning ability
B
Increase in weight
C
Increase in height
D
Increase in shoe size
Question 10Single Answer
Cognitive development deals mainly with changes in:
A
Height and weight
B
Thinking and reasoning
C
Hair colour
D
Muscle size
Question 11Single Answer
Social development mainly involves:
A
Increase in body size
B
Interactions and relationships with others
C
Tooth development
D
Handwriting speed only
Question 12Single Answer
Emotional development involves the ability to:
A
Understand and regulate emotions
B
Increase physical strength
C
Memorize multiplication tables only
D
Write rapidly
Question 13Single Answer
The development of a child is influenced by:
A
Heredity alone
B
Interaction of heredity and environment
C
Environment alone
D
Chance alone
Question 14Single Answer
Learning can promote development by:
A
Eliminating curiosity
B
Preventing exploration
C
Discouraging interaction
D
Providing meaningful experiences
Question 15Single Answer
Which statement about developmental stages is correct?
A
Every child enters each stage on the same date
B
Development follows a broadly predictable sequence
C
Development is completely random
D
Development has no relationship with maturation
Question 16Single Answer
Development is multidimensional because it includes:
A
Only physical changes
B
Physical, cognitive, social and emotional changes
C
Only academic achievement
D
Only language development
Question 17Single Answer
The concept of readiness implies that:
A
A learner should have the necessary developmental preparation for a task
B
Every child must learn everything at the same age
C
Teaching should always precede maturation
D
Children should never face challenging tasks
Question 18Single Answer
Which factor generally supports healthy development?
A
Continuous humiliation
B
Rich learning opportunities
C
Complete social isolation
D
Lack of stimulation
Question 19Single Answer
Development from simple abilities toward complex abilities illustrates that development is:
A
Random
B
Reversible
C
Sequential
D
Unrelated to experience
Question 20Single Answer
Learning differs from maturation because learning primarily occurs through:
A
Experience and practice
B
Genetic inheritance only
C
Biological ageing only
D
Physical growth alone
Question 21Single Answer
A teacher should understand child development mainly to:
A
label slow learners permanently
B
Compare children constantly
C
Match teaching with learners' developmental needs
D
teach every child identically
Question 22Single Answer
Which is NOT a major domain of development?
A
Physical
B
Cognitive
C
Commercial
D
Socio-emotional
Question 23Single Answer
Developmental changes are generally:
A
Completely isolated from one another
B
Interrelated
C
Restricted to physical growth
D
Unaffected by learning
Question 24Single Answer
The most appropriate teaching approach considers:
A
Only chronological age
B
Only textbook completion
C
Only examination marks
D
Learners' developmental level and prior knowledge
Question 25Single Answer
Learning is most effective when new experiences are:
A
Connected with the learner's existing understanding
B
Completely unrelated to prior knowledge
C
Always beyond the learner's capacity
D
Based entirely on memorization
Question 26Single Answer
Development generally proceeds from:
A
Specific responses to general responses only
B
General responses to specific responses
C
Complex to simple in every case
D
Unpredictable responses to fixed responses
Question 27Single Answer
The cephalocaudal principle means development proceeds from:
A
Outside toward the centre
B
Feet toward the head
C
Fingers toward the trunk
D
Head toward the feet
Question 28Single Answer
The proximodistal principle means development proceeds from:
A
Right side toward the left side
B
Extremities toward the centre
C
Feet toward the head
D
Centre of the body toward the extremities
Question 29Single Answer
Which principle explains why children differ in their rate of development?
A
Principle of imitation
B
Principle of uniformity
C
Principle of punishment
D
Principle of individual differences
Question 30Single Answer
Development is continuous means that:
A
Development stops at puberty
B
Development occurs only in infancy
C
Changes occur throughout life
D
Development occurs only during schooling
General Awareness including Himachal Pradesh, Current Affairs & Environment Studies
Question 31Single Answer
Yojna a weekly journal
A
Ministry of Finance
B
Ministry of Information and Broadcastin
C
Ministry of Rural Development
D
Planning Commission
Question 32Single Answer
Kurukshetra a journal on rural development is published by
A
Ministry of Finance
B
Ministry of Information and Broadcastin
C
Ministry of Rural Development
D
Planning Commission
Question 33Single Answer
Devaluation of a currency means
A
Fixing the value of the currency in conjuction with the movement in the value of a basket of predetermined currencies
B
Reduction in the value of a currency vis-à-vis major internationally traded currencies
C
Fixing the value of currency in multilateral consultaion with the IMF the World Bank and major trading partners
D
Permitting the currency to seek its worth in the international market
Question 34Single Answer
What is family ?
A
Family is the primary group of the society
B
Family is the secondary group of the society
C
It is the periphery of the social structure
D
None of the above
Question 35Single Answer
Family according to Biesenz and Biesenz
A
family is a group defined by sex relationship
B
it is the periphery of the social structure
C
a women with a child and a man to look after them
D
The family is a social institution
Question 36Single Answer
Which is not the characteristic of family ?
A
Universality
B
Sense of responsbility
C
Social control
D
All of the above
Question 37Single Answer
One of the characteristic of family is
A
nuclear position in the society
B
system of nomenclature
C
Both (1) and (2)
D
None of the above
Question 38Single Answer
What are the functions of the family ?
A
Emotional bonding
B
Protection
C
Economic support
D
All of the above
Question 39Single Answer
"It is a complex of many variables, which surrounds man as well as the living organisms."
The given statement refers to which of the following ?
A
Atmosphere
B
Knowledge
C
Environment
D
None of these
Question 40Single Answer
Which of the following is incorrect regarding objectives of environmental studies ?
A
To enable children to have basic knowledge of various numerals, alphabets and the basic things we see everyday around us
B
To develop habit of performing task in a systematic manner and learn to carry out any activity with precision
C
Develop the habit of cramming in children for their lengthy task which help them in teaching-learning process
D
To make them understand simple graphs, maps, flowcharts and statistical tables.
Question 41Single Answer
Which environment includes the following means of transportation, agricultural fields, mills, economic activities, division of labour lifestyle ?
A
Physical environment
B
Social environment
C
Psychological environment
D
Natural environment
Question 42Single Answer
Consider the following statements
I. It is a inter disciplinary field based on men and environment relationships.
II. It is different from normal environment as each individiual has its own environment in which he/she lives.
III. Its subject matter includes types of environment, human attitude towards environment, efforts of culture etc.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct regarding psychological environment ?
A
I and II
B
Only II
C
I and II
D
All of these
Question 43Single Answer
Consider the following statements
I. It promotes the exploitation of natural resources.
II. It ensures that different form of nature remain favourable towards us.
III. It enables children to understand different facts of environment briefly.
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are correct regarding the study of environment ?
A
Only I
B
Only III
C
I and III
D
II and III
Question 44Single Answer
Which of the following contain enzymes for cellular respiration ?
A
Dictyosomes
B
Endoplasmic reticulum
C
lysosomes
D
Mitochondria
Question 45Single Answer
Which is the national game of Bhutan ?
A
badminton
B
basketball
C
football
D
archery
Question 46Single Answer
QUESTION : Formation of Himachal Pradesh took place in which year?
A
1947
B
1971
C
1956
D
1948
Question 47Single Answer
Which style is most commonly associated with ancient Himachal temple architecture?
A
Dravidian
B
Mughal
C
Vesara
D
Nagara
Question 48Single Answer
The shikhara in temple architecture refers to?
A
Pillar base
B
Main hall
C
Tower above sanctum
D
Temple courtyard
Question 49Single Answer
Wooden architecture in temples is mainly seen in which region of Himachal?
A
Kinnaur
B
Kangra
C
Lahaul
D
Shimla hills
Question 50Single Answer
Pagoda-style temples in Himachal are influenced by?
A
Persian style
B
Chinese-Buddhist architecture
C
Greek style
D
Roman style
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General Awareness including Himachal Pradesh, Current Affairs & Environment Studies
Question 51Single Answer
Stone carvings in Himachal temples mainly depict?
A
Industrial scenes
B
Mythological stories
C
Modern events
D
Political leaders
Question 52Single Answer
Which material is commonly used in traditional Himachal temples?
A
Iron
B
Wood and stone
C
Glass
D
Steel
Question 53Single Answer
Temple roofs in snowy regions of Himachal are usually?
A
Sloping
B
Dome-shaped
C
Flat
D
Transparent
Question 54Single Answer
Carvings on Himachal temples are mainly done by?
A
Engineers
B
Sculptors
C
Farmers
D
Soldiers
Question 55Single Answer
The sanctum sanctorum of a temple is known as?
A
Garbhagriha
B
Mandapa
C
Shikhara
D
Prakara
Question 56Single Answer
What is the name of the next phase of India’s semiconductor programme notified by the Government in August 2026?
A
Chip India 3.0
B
India Chip Mission
C
Semicon 2.0
D
Semiconductor Bharat
Question 57Single Answer
Which country conferred its highest honour for foreign leaders, the ‘Oliy Darajali Do‘stlik Order’, on Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
A
Kazakhstan
B
Kyrgyzstan
C
Uzbekistan
D
Tajikistan
Question 58Single Answer
Where was the 2026 SCO Leaders’ Summit held?
A
Tashkent
B
Bishkek
C
Dushanbe
D
Astana
Question 59Single Answer
India and Uzbekistan recently upgraded their bilateral relationship to which level?
A
Strategic Partnership
B
Economic Partnership
C
Comprehensive Strategic Partnership
D
Defence Partnership
Question 60Single Answer
Which two organisations signed an MoU to promote smart domestic PNG meters?
A
ONGC and IOCL
B
GAIL and NTPC
C
PNGRB and EESL
D
HPCL and BPCL
Mathematics
Question 61Single Answer
If A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4}, then A ∩ B is:
A
{1, 4}
B
{2, 3}
C
{1, 2, 3, 4}
D
{3, 4}
Question 62Single Answer
If a set contains n elements, the number of subsets is:
A
n²
B
2n
C
2ⁿ
D
n!
Question 63Single Answer
The number of proper subsets of a set containing n elements is:
A
2ⁿ
B
2ⁿ + 1
C
2ⁿ − 1
D
n − 1
Question 64Single Answer
If A ⊆ B and B ⊆ A, then:
A
A ∩ B = ∅
B
A = B
C
A ⊂ B
D
B ⊂ A
Question 65Single Answer
According to De Morgan's law, (A ∪b)' equals:
A
A' ∪ B'
B
A' − B'
C
A ∩ B
D
A' ∩ B'
Question 66Single Answer
A relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive is called:
A
Partial relation
B
Identity function
C
Equivalence relation
D
Binary operation
Question 67Single Answer
If f:A→B is one-one and onto, then f is:
A
Constant
B
Many-one
C
Into
D
Bijective
Question 68Single Answer
A function has an inverse function if it is:
A
Constant
B
Bijective
C
Many-one
D
Into only
Question 69Single Answer
If f(x) = 2x + 3, then f⁻¹(x) is:
A
(x+3)/2
B
2x−3
C
(x−3)/2
D
3x−2
Question 70Single Answer
The domain of f(x) = 1/(x−2) is:
A
R
B
R − {2}
C
R − {0}
D
[2,∞)
Question 71Single Answer
The domain of √(x−3) is:
A
x ≤ 3
B
All real numbers
C
x > 0
D
x ≥ 3
Question 72Single Answer
The function f(x) = x² on R is:
A
One-one and onto R
B
Constant
C
Many-one
D
Odd
Question 73Single Answer
Which function is odd?
A
cos x
B
x²
C
|x|
D
sin x
Question 74Single Answer
Which function is even?
A
sin x
B
tan x
C
x³
D
cos x
Question 75Single Answer
The fundamental period of sin x is:
A
π/2
B
π
C
2π
D
4π
Question 76Single Answer
The fundamental period of tan x is:
A
π
B
2π
C
π/2
D
4π
Question 77Single Answer
sin²θ + cos²θ equals:
A
0
B
2
C
1
D
sin 2θ
Question 78Single Answer
1 + tan²θ equals:
A
sec²θ
B
cosec²θ
C
cot²θ
D
cos²θ
Question 79Single Answer
1 + cot²θ equals:
A
cosec²θ
B
sin²θ
C
sec²θ
D
tan²θ
Question 80Single Answer
sin 2θ equals:
A
sin²θ−cos²θ
B
2sinθ cosθ
C
2tanθ
D
cos²θ−sin²θ
Question 81Single Answer
cos 2θ equals:
A
2cosθ
B
2sinθcosθ
C
sin²θ+cos²θ
D
cos²θ−sin²θ
Question 82Single Answer
Principal value range of sin⁻¹x is:
A
[−π/2,π/2]
B
[0,π]
C
(−π,π)
D
[0,2π]
Question 83Single Answer
Principal value range of cos⁻¹x is:
A
[0,2π]
B
[−π/2,π/2]
C
(−π,π)
D
[0,π]
Question 84Single Answer
tan⁻¹(1) equals:
A
0
B
π/6
C
π/2
D
π/4
Question 85Single Answer
sin⁻¹(1/2) equals:
A
π/2
B
π/3
C
π/4
D
π/6
Question 86Single Answer
cos⁻¹(1/2) equals:
A
π/6
B
π/3
C
π/4
D
π/2
Question 87Single Answer
For −1 ≤ x ≤ 1, sin⁻¹x + cos⁻¹x equals:
A
π/2
B
π
C
2π
D
0
Question 88Single Answer
Distance between points (x₁,y₁) and (x₂,y₂) is:
A
|x₁+x₂|
B
(x₂−x₁)+(y₂−y₁)
C
√(x₁x₂+y₁y₂)
D
√[(x₂−x₁)²+(y₂−y₁)²]
Question 89Single Answer
The midpoint of (2,4) and (6,8) is:
A
(8,12)
B
(4,6)
C
(2,2)
D
(3,4)
Question 90Single Answer
The slope of the line joining (1,2) and (3,6) is:
A
1
B
4
C
3
D
2
Physics & Chemistry
Question 91Single Answer
The modern periodic law is based primarily on?
A
mass number
B
neutron number
C
atomic mass
D
atomic number
Question 92Single Answer
Across a period, the effective nuclear charge generally?
A
increases
B
becomes zero
C
decreases
D
remains exactly constant
Question 93Single Answer
Across a period, atomic radius generally?
A
remains constant
B
increases
C
decreases
D
first becomes infinite
Question 94Single Answer
Down a group, atomic radius generally?
A
remains constant
B
increases
C
decreases
D
becomes zero
Question 95Single Answer
The first ionization enthalpy generally increases across a period because of?
A
increasing effective nuclear charge
B
increasing shielding by a new shell
C
complete absence of electron-electron repulsion
D
decreasing nuclear charge
Question 96Single Answer
The first ionization enthalpy generally decreases down a group mainly because of?
A
increased size and shielding
B
decreased number of shells
C
increased effective attraction without shielding
D
loss of all core electrons
Question 97Single Answer
Among alkali metals, the lowest first ionization enthalpy is expected toward the?
A
top of the group
B
bottom of the group
C
middle only
D
noble-gas end of the same period
Question 98Single Answer
A cation is usually smaller than its parent atom because?
A
electron gain increases shielding
B
neutrons expand the electron cloud
C
the nucleus loses protons
D
electron loss reduces repulsion and may remove the outer shell
Question 99Single Answer
An anion is usually larger than its parent atom because?
A
the principal quantum number always decreases
B
a proton is removed
C
the nuclear charge increases
D
added electron-electron repulsion expands the electron cloud
Question 100Single Answer
In an isoelectronic series, ionic radius decreases as?
A
nuclear charge increases
B
number of electrons increases
C
principal shell number increases
D
nuclear charge decreases
Question 101Single Answer
A physically acceptable wavefunction must be?
A
multivalued everywhere
B
single-valued, finite and continuous where the potential is finite
C
infinite at all boundaries
D
discontinuous at every point
Question 102Single Answer
The Born interpretation associates the square modulus of a wavefunction with?
A
nuclear charge
B
potential energy only
C
probability density
D
classical trajectory
Question 103Single Answer
An observable in quantum mechanics is represented by?
A
a Hermitian operator
B
a classical orbit
C
a non-Hermitian matrix only
D
an arbitrary complex number
Question 104Single Answer
Eigenvalues of a Hermitian operator are?
A
real
B
always negative
C
undefined
D
always imaginary
Question 105Single Answer
Two observables can have simultaneous exact eigenvalues when their operators?
A
are identical to zero
B
anticommute only
C
commute
D
are non-Hermitian
Question 106Single Answer
The commutator of position and its conjugate momentum is?
A
equal to the identity without an imaginary factor
B
undefined for all states
C
always zero
D
nonzero
Question 107Single Answer
The uncertainty principle reflects?
A
thermal expansion only
B
noncommutation of conjugate observables
C
classical friction
D
instrumental error only
Question 108Single Answer
The Hamiltonian operator represents?
A
linear momentum only
B
spin only
C
probability only
D
total energy
Question 109Single Answer
A stationary state is an eigenstate of?
A
the time-independent Hamiltonian
B
position only
C
parity only
D
temperature
Question 110Single Answer
Normalization of a wavefunction ensures that?
A
the wavefunction is real
B
total probability is unity
C
energy is zero
D
momentum is infinite
Question 111Single Answer
The suffix used for an aldehyde as the principal functional group is?
A
-oic acid
B
-al
C
-one
D
-ol
Question 112Single Answer
The suffix used for a ketone as the principal functional group is?
A
-one
B
-ol
C
-amine
D
-al
Question 113Single Answer
The prefix for an -OH group when it is not principal is?
A
hydroxy
B
formyl
C
oxo
D
amino
Question 114Single Answer
The prefix for a carbonyl group when it is not principal is?
A
amino
B
hydroxy
C
mercapto
D
oxo
Question 115Single Answer
In IUPAC nomenclature, the parent chain is selected primarily to include?
A
the alphabetically first substituent
B
the lowest molecular mass fragment
C
the principal functional group
D
the maximum number of methyl groups only
Question 116Single Answer
The stereodescriptors R and S specify?
A
ring fusion only
B
absolute configuration at a stereogenic center
C
alkene geometry only
D
relative configuration of sugars only
Question 117Single Answer
The E descriptor for an alkene indicates that higher-priority groups are?
A
both equatorial
B
both axial
C
on the same side
D
on opposite sides
Question 118Single Answer
The Z descriptor for an alkene indicates that higher-priority groups are?
A
both absent
B
necessarily trans to hydrogen
C
on opposite sides
D
on the same side
Question 119Single Answer
CIP priority is assigned first according to?
A
bond length
B
atomic number of the directly attached atom
C
alphabetical order
D
atomic mass of the whole molecule
Question 120Single Answer
For isotopes of the same element, higher CIP priority is generally given to?
A
both always have identical priority
B
the isotope of lower mass number
C
the isotope of higher mass number
D
the radioactive isotope only
Question 121Single Answer
Which physical quantity has the dimensional formula [ML²T⁻²]?
A
Force
B
Work
C
Power
D
Pressure
Question 122Single Answer
The number of significant figures in 0.005060 is:
A
2
B
3
C
4
D
5
Question 123Single Answer
Which of the following is an SI base quantity?
A
Force
B
Pressure
C
Electric current
D
Energy
Question 124Single Answer
The dimensional formula of Planck's constant is:
A
[M⁰L²T⁻¹]
B
[MLT⁻¹]
C
[ML²T⁻²]
D
[ML²T⁻¹]
Question 125Single Answer
A particle moving with constant velocity has:
A
Zero acceleration
B
Constant acceleration
C
Increasing acceleration
D
Decreasing momentum
Question 126Single Answer
The slope of a velocity-time graph represents:
A
Displacement
B
Momentum
C
Acceleration
D
Force
Question 127Single Answer
The area under a velocity-time graph gives:
A
Acceleration
B
Displacement
C
Force
D
Momentum
Question 128Single Answer
Newton's first law of motion is also called the law of:
A
Gravitation
B
Inertia
C
Conservation
D
Acceleration
Question 129Single Answer
According to Newton's second law, force is equal to:
A
Rate of change of momentum
B
Rate of change of energy
C
Momentum × time
D
Mass × displacement
Question 130Single Answer
Action and reaction forces:
A
Act on different bodies
B
Act on the same body
C
Always cancel each other
D
Have different magnitudes
Question 131Single Answer
Impulse is equal to the change in:
A
Momentum
B
Velocity
C
Energy
D
Acceleration
Question 132Single Answer
Work done by a force perpendicular to displacement is:
A
Zero
B
Minimum but non-zero
C
Maximum
D
Infinite
Question 133Single Answer
The kinetic energy of a particle of mass m and momentum p is:
A
p²/2m
B
p/2m
C
2mp²
D
mp/2
Question 134Single Answer
The SI unit of power is:
A
Watt
B
Newton
C
Joule
D
Pascal
Question 135Single Answer
Conservative forces are characterized by:
A
Path-independent work
B
Path-dependent work
C
Zero force everywhere
D
Constant acceleration only
Question 136Single Answer
The centre of mass of a uniform circular ring lies:
A
On its circumference
B
Halfway between centre and circumference
C
At its geometrical centre
D
Outside the ring
Question 137Single Answer
Torque is the rotational analogue of:
A
Force
B
Momentum
C
Energy
D
Power
Question 138Single Answer
Moment of inertia depends upon:
A
Angular acceleration only
B
Angular velocity only
C
Mass distribution about the axis
D
Applied torque only
Question 139Single Answer
Angular momentum remains conserved when the external:
A
Force is constant
B
Torque is zero
C
Energy is zero
D
Momentum is zero
Question 140Single Answer
The moment of inertia of a thin ring about an axis through its centre perpendicular to its plane is:
A
MR²
B
MR²/2
C
2MR²
D
MR²/4
Question 141Single Answer
The acceleration due to gravity at the centre of Earth is:
A
g
B
2g
C
g/2
D
Zero
Question 142Single Answer
Escape velocity from Earth's surface is approximately:
A
7.9 km/s
B
11.2 km/s
C
9.8 km/s
D
15.0 km/s
Question 143Single Answer
Gravitational potential energy of two masses separated by distance r is:
A
−GMm/r
B
GMm/r
C
GMm/r²
D
−GMm/r²
Question 144Single Answer
Kepler's second law is a consequence of conservation of:
A
Energy
B
Angular momentum
C
Linear momentum
D
Mass
Question 145Single Answer
Young's modulus is the ratio of:
A
Strain to stress
B
Shearing stress to shearing strain
C
Volume stress to volume strain
D
Longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain
Question 146Single Answer
The SI unit of surface tension is:
A
N/m
B
N m
C
J/m
D
Pa m²
Question 147Single Answer
Bernoulli's theorem is based on conservation of:
A
Charge
B
Mechanical energy
C
Momentum only
D
Angular momentum
Question 148Single Answer
The viscosity of a liquid generally:
A
Increases with temperature
B
Decreases with temperature
C
Remains constant
D
Becomes infinite with temperature
Question 149Single Answer
Heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass by one degree is called:
A
Latent heat
B
Thermal conductivity
C
Specific heat capacity
D
Heat flux
Question 150Single Answer
During an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas, its internal energy: