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Latest HPRCA Medical Laboratory Technician Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

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Question 1Single Answer
What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults?
  1. A
    Spleen
  2. B
    Lymph nodes
  3. C
    Liver
  4. D
    Bone marrow
Question 2Single Answer
Which type of blood cell is responsible for oxygen transport?
  1. A
    White blood cells
  2. B
    Red blood cells
  3. C
    Platelets
  4. D
    Plasma cells
Question 3Single Answer
What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
  1. A
    Oxygen transport
  2. B
    Clot formation
  3. C
    Immune response
  4. D
    Nutrient absorption
Question 4Single Answer
Which component of blood is primarily responsible for clotting?
  1. A
    Red blood cells
  2. B
    Platelets
  3. C
    White blood cells
  4. D
    Plasma proteins
Question 5Single Answer
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell in circulation?
  1. A
    60 days
  2. B
    90 days
  3. C
    150 days
  4. D
    120 days
Question 6Single Answer
Which vitamin is essential for red blood cell production?
  1. A
    Vitamin B12
  2. B
    Vitamin C
  3. C
    Vitamin D
  4. D
    Vitamin K
Question 7Single Answer
What is the primary source of energy for red blood cells?
  1. A
    Ketones
  2. B
    Fatty acids
  3. C
    Amino acids
  4. D
    Glucose
Question 8Single Answer
Which blood cell type is most abundant in a healthy individual?
  1. A
    Neutrophils
  2. B
    Red blood cells
  3. C
    Lymphocytes
  4. D
    Platelets
Question 9Single Answer
What is the role of erythropoietin in hematopoiesis?
  1. A
    Stimulates red blood cell production
  2. B
    Promotes white blood cell differentiation
  3. C
    Stimulates platelet production
  4. D
    Inhibits blood clotting
Question 10Single Answer
Which organ produces erythropoietin?
  1. A
    Liver
  2. B
    Kidney
  3. C
    Spleen
  4. D
    Bone marrow
Question 11Single Answer
What is the main component of plasma?
  1. A
    Glucose
  2. B
    Red blood cells
  3. C
    Water
  4. D
    Platelets
Question 12Single Answer
Which type of white blood cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions?
  1. A
    Eosinophils
  2. B
    Neutrophils
  3. C
    Lymphocytes
  4. D
    Monocytes
Question 13Single Answer
What is the function of neutrophils in the blood?
  1. A
    Oxygen transport
  2. B
    Phagocytosis of bacteria
  3. C
    Antibody production
  4. D
    Blood clotting
Question 14Single Answer
Which protein in plasma is critical for maintaining osmotic pressure?
  1. A
    Fibrinogen
  2. B
    Albumin
  3. C
    Globulin
  4. D
    Hemoglobin
Question 15Single Answer
What is the normal range for red blood cell count in adult males?
  1. A
    2.5–3.5 million/µL
  2. B
    6.0–7.5 million/µL
  3. C
    4.5–5.9 million/µL
  4. D
    8.0–9.0 million/µL
Question 16Single Answer
Which blood cell type is biconcave and lacks a nucleus?
  1. A
    White blood cells
  2. B
    Platelets
  3. C
    Monocytes
  4. D
    Red blood cells
Question 17Single Answer
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in the blood?
  1. A
    Phagocytosis
  2. B
    Immune response
  3. C
    Oxygen transport
  4. D
    Clot formation
Question 18Single Answer
Which of the following is NOT a function of blood?
  1. A
    Temperature regulation
  2. B
    Oxygen transport
  3. C
    Nutrient transport
  4. D
    Hormone production
Question 19Single Answer
What is the primary site of blood cell destruction in the body?
  1. A
    Liver
  2. B
    Kidneys
  3. C
    Bone marrow
  4. D
    Spleen
Question 20Single Answer
Which ion is essential for hemoglobin synthesis?
  1. A
    Calcium
  2. B
    Iron
  3. C
    Sodium
  4. D
    Potassium
Question 21Single Answer
What is the normal percentage of hematocrit in adult females?
  1. A
    25–30%
  2. B
    65–75%
  3. C
    50–60%
  4. D
    36–46%
Question 22Single Answer
Which blood cell type is involved in antibody production?
  1. A
    Neutrophils
  2. B
    B-lymphocytes
  3. C
    Eosinophils
  4. D
    Monocytes
Question 23Single Answer
What is the primary function of basophils?
  1. A
    Release of histamine
  2. B
    Phagocytosis
  3. C
    Oxygen transport
  4. D
    Clot formation
Question 24Single Answer
Which anticoagulant is commonly used for hematology tests like CBC?
  1. A
    EDTA
  2. B
    Heparin
  3. C
    Sodium citrate
  4. D
    Sodium fluoride
Question 25Single Answer
What is the term for the process of blood cell formation?
  1. A
    Hemolysis
  2. B
    Phagocytosis
  3. C
    Coagulation
  4. D
    Hematopoiesis
Question 26Single Answer
Which blood cell type is most abundant among white blood cells?
  1. A
    Lymphocytes
  2. B
    Neutrophils
  3. C
    Eosinophils
  4. D
    Basophils
Question 27Single Answer
What is the role of megakaryocytes in blood?
  1. A
    Produce red blood cells
  2. B
    Produce platelets
  3. C
    Produce white blood cells
  4. D
    Transport oxygen
Question 28Single Answer
Which blood component is primarily responsible for immune defense?
  1. A
    Red blood cells
  2. B
    White blood cells
  3. C
    Platelets
  4. D
    Plasma
Question 29Single Answer
What is the normal range for platelet count in a healthy individual?
  1. A
    50,000–100,000/µL
  2. B
    1,000,000–1,500,000/µL
  3. C
    500,000–750,000/µL
  4. D
    150,000–450,000/µL
Question 30Single Answer
Which hormone regulates platelet production?
  1. A
    Erythropoietin
  2. B
    Colony-stimulating factor
  3. C
    Thrombopoietin
  4. D
    Interleukin
Question 31Single Answer
What is the primary function of plasma in blood?
  1. A
    Transport of nutrients and waste
  2. B
    Clot formation
  3. C
    Oxygen transport
  4. D
    Phagocytosis
Question 32Single Answer
Which blood cell type is involved in parasitic infections?
  1. A
    Eosinophils
  2. B
    Neutrophils
  3. C
    Lymphocytes
  4. D
    Monocytes
Question 33Single Answer
What is the normal range for white blood cell count in adults?
  1. A
    1,000–2,000/µL
  2. B
    20,000–25,000/µL
  3. C
    12,000–15,000/µL
  4. D
    4,000–11,000/µL
Question 34Single Answer
Which part of the hemoglobin molecule binds oxygen?
  1. A
    Globin
  2. B
    Iron
  3. C
    Heme
  4. D
    Porphyrin
Question 35Single Answer
What is the term for immature red blood cells?
  1. A
    Blast cells
  2. B
    Reticulocytes
  3. C
    Megakaryocytes
  4. D
    Myelocytes
Question 36Single Answer
Which stain is used to count reticulocytes?
  1. A
    Wright’s stain
  2. B
    New Methylene Blue
  3. C
    Giemsa stain
  4. D
    Hematoxylin
Question 37Single Answer
What is the primary function of monocytes?
  1. A
    Antibody production
  2. B
    Phagocytosis and antigen presentation
  3. C
    Oxygen transport
  4. D
    Clot formation
Question 38Single Answer
Which blood cell type is involved in adaptive immunity?
  1. A
    Lymphocytes
  2. B
    Neutrophils
  3. C
    Eosinophils
  4. D
    Basophils
Question 39Single Answer
What is the normal percentage of neutrophils in a differential white blood cell count?
  1. A
    10–20%
  2. B
    40–75%
  3. C
    80–90%
  4. D
    5–10%
Question 40Single Answer
Which blood component is measured in a hematocrit test?
  1. A
    Plasma volume
  2. B
    White blood cell count
  3. C
    Red blood cell volume
  4. D
    Platelet count
Question 41Single Answer
What is the primary role of fibrinogen in blood?
  1. A
    Oxygen transport
  2. B
    Nutrient transport
  3. C
    Immune defense
  4. D
    Clot formation
Question 42Single Answer
Which blood cell type lacks a nucleus in its mature form?
  1. A
    Lymphocytes
  2. B
    Neutrophils
  3. C
    Monocytes
  4. D
    Red blood cells
Question 43Single Answer
What is the term for the breakdown of red blood cells?
  1. A
    Hematopoiesis
  2. B
    Coagulation
  3. C
    Hemolysis
  4. D
    Phagocytosis
Question 44Single Answer
Which organ recycles iron from destroyed red blood cells?
  1. A
    Liver
  2. B
    Kidney
  3. C
    Spleen
  4. D
    Bone marrow
Question 45Single Answer
What is the normal range for hemoglobin in adult males?
  1. A
    8–10 g/dL
  2. B
    5–7 g/dL
  3. C
    18–22 g/dL
  4. D
    13–17 g/dL
Question 46Single Answer
Which blood cell type is critical for wound healing?
  1. A
    Red blood cells
  2. B
    Platelets
  3. C
    Neutrophils
  4. D
    Lymphocytes
Question 47Single Answer
What is the primary function of T-lymphocytes?
  1. A
    Cell-mediated immunity
  2. B
    Antibody production
  3. C
    Phagocytosis
  4. D
    Histamine release
Question 48Single Answer
Which component of blood is measured in a complete blood count (CBC)?
  1. A
    Plasma proteins only
  2. B
    Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
  3. C
    Glucose levels
  4. D
    Electrolytes
Question 49Single Answer
What is the primary site of lymphocyte maturation?
  1. A
    Thymus and lymph nodes
  2. B
    Bone marrow
  3. C
    Spleen
  4. D
    Liver
Question 50Single Answer
Which blood cell type is elevated in bacterial infections?
  1. A
    Eosinophils
  2. B
    Lymphocytes
  3. C
    Neutrophils
  4. D
    Basophils
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