The grain size (USDA) of silt in soil ranges between :

What will be BOD, for a wastewater sample when 21 ml of sample is diluted to 300 ml in BOD bottle to determine dissolved oxygen .
[Given: Initial DO, = 10 mg/l; Five days later DO5 = 5 mg/l]

What will be the concentration of 40 ppb SO₂ in µg/m³ unit at 25°C ?

National Ambient air quality standards typically include following components :

Primary air pollutants differ from secondary air pollutants as they :

Continuity equation expresses the law of conservation of :

Which of the following statements correctly represent the environmental wisdom worldwide ?

Exposure concentration is _______ .

In ecotoxicology studies, ED - 50 is _______ .

A hypothesis, that predicts a linear relationship in which rate of ecosystem processes is maximum with greatest number of species, is known as :

Which of the following is not a phase of secondary succession ?

The Concept of r - and k - selection was originally given by :

The prefix "steno" and "eury” have been used for :

The strong and rapidly moving circumpolar upper air westerly circulation in a narrow belt of a few hundred kilometers width in the upper limit of the troposphere is called _______ .

Coriolis effect is :

The boundary between fresh and salty groundwater along shorelines is determined by  :

The sum of diffused and direct solar radiation, is called :

Which one of the following elements is used in making Photovoltaic Solar cell ?

The destructive distillation of coal yielding products such as gasoline, diesel oil and other products, is known as

Which process facilitates conversion of raw fat into biodiesel in the presence of alcohol ?

Which plant/tree has been recommended in India for extraction of biodiesel ?

Anammox bacteria is required for which of the following steps in wastewater treatment ?

Which of the following is an INCORRECT statement ?

The use of bacteria and other microorganisms to breakdown hazardous waste into relatively harmless components, is termed as :

Which of the following is INCORRECT about the given decomposition reaction ?

Heavy metals are retained in soil/sludge by :

There is often a formal review and licensing procedures of Environmental Impact Assessment. Who would NOT carry out such a procedure ?

As per United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), which of the following has role in the assessment and review of the effective implementation of the convention ?

"A financial mechanism through which developing countries would be rewarded for emission reduction achieved by taking action to reduce deforestation and forest degradation" refers to :

Which of the following principle was introduced in 1972 by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guiding principles concerning Institutional Economic Aspects of Environmental Pollution ?

Which section of Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 deals with offences by companies ?

Which Article of the Constitution of India states that it shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment and to have compassion for living creatures ?

Which among the following is the first major Environmental Protection act to be promulgated in India ?

Which of the following sections of the Indian Penal Code refers to making atmosphere noxious to health as a punishable offence ?

Which of the following is NOT included during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) ?

To find out the degree of linear relationship between age and height of trees, the parameter to be estimated is :

The Coefficient of Variation can be measured by :

Which of the following is a nominal variable ?

'Hysteresis' is the best defined as :

Which one of the following is correctly matched pair ?

Who among the following received Noble Prize for peace and started the Green Belt Movement ?

Genetic Engineering is possible because :

LEED, one of the Sustainable Habitat green rating systems, refers to :

'Prerak Dauur Samman', the annual award given under which of the following scheme of Government of India ?

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Active ingredient in most pesticides are organic chlorine compounds .
Reason (R) : Organo chlorines have low solubility in water, high solubility in hydrocarbon like environment and have relatively high toxicity to insects and low toxicity to humans .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) .
Assertion (A) : Temperature of large waterbody varies more slowly than that of the land of comparable size .
Reason (R) : Specific heat of water is high i.e., about five times of soil .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) .
Assertion (A): Small increase in wind velocity and height of turbine produces a large increase in energy yield .
Reason (R) : Energy yield from wind is proportional to third power of wind speed and wind speed increases with height above ground .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) .
Assertion (A) : a and ß particles, emitted during a radioactive decay of a nucleus are simply nucleus of Helium and electron and are called as ionizing radiations .
Reason (R) : a and ß particles produced in the radioactive decay are ejected with an incredible amount of energy of motion. When this energy is absorbed by matter encountered by the particle, it often ionises atoms and molecules .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) .
Assertion (A): Cool pavements are generally composed of light coloured material with high permeability .
Reason (R) : Lighter coloured pavements reflect more light and absorb less heat. High permeability allow water to percolate and evaporate, thereby cooling pavement and surrounding air .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R) .
Assertion (A) : Dematerialization. the progressive decrease in size and weight of a product as a result of technological improvement is an example of source reduction .
Reason (R) : New product is more durable than the one being replaced .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following elements of image interpretations in order of increasing complexity .
(a) Location
(b) Tone
(c) Situation
(d) Pattern
(e) Texture
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Basalts are composed of the following minerals .
(a) Olivine
(b) Pyroxene
(c) Quartz
(d) Orthoclase
(e) Plagioclase
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Arrange the following minerals with increasing order of stability for weathering .
(a) Illite
(b) Olivine
(c) Calcite
(d) Ca rich feldspar
(e) Na rich feldspar
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Choose the correct sequence of filtration processes used for sequential removal of particles from coarser (1 µm) to finer grain sizes .
(a) Microfiltration
(b) Ultrafiltration
(c) Nanofiltration
(d) Reverse Osmosis
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

In waste pollution prevention hierarchy, arrange following from least preferred to most preferred .
(a) Waste Concentration
(b) Waste Separation
(c) Waste treatment
(d) Recycling or Reuse
(e) Landfill
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : Key to nitrogen cycle is nitrogen fixing bacteria, which has ability to fix N₂ or combine gases N₂ with hydrogen to form NH₃ .
Statement II : Nitrogen cycle includes fixation of molecular N₂ to ammonia to nitrite to nitrate only. It does not include denitrification process .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I: Halons used as fire extinguishers are bromine containing hydrogen free substances and are involved in catalytic destruction of ozone in Stratosphere .
Statement II: In order to protect ozone layer in stratosphere, use of CFC was globally replaced by HCFCs, HFC's followed by Halons after Kyoto protocol .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : Yellow carotenes and paleyellow xanthophyll pigments are with strong reflectance primarily in the blue wavelength regime of Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) .
Statement II : There are many other pigments present in the palisade mesophyll cells that are usually marked by the abundance of chlorophyll pigments .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : Ecotypes are discrete entity because they have clear differences in morphology. physiology and phenology in relation to particular environmental conditions .
Statement II : The environmentally induced variations in ecotypes are not heritable and do not have adaptive value to a particular habitat .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : A confined aquifer is an aquifer which is confined between impervious bedi such as aquicludes or aquifuges .
Statement II : Recharge of this aquifer takes place only in the area where it is exposed at the ground surface .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : Noise pollution exists in the form of energy and is highly subjective in nature unlike air pollution .
Statement II : Noise pollution exists irrespective of loudness of sound and causes both physiological and psychological stress among individual or group of individuals .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements about Baghouse filter used to control air pollution .
Statement I : Baghouse filters are fabric bag filter which can be repeatedly cleaned and reused. Collection efficiency can be very high (99.9% for all size of particles) .
Statement II : Collection efficiency of baghouse filters decreases as dust collected on filters and lead to decrease in pressure drop which increases airflow or decreases cost of forcing air through filters .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : An incineration process used to destroy highly toxic and hazardous waste differs from the municipal solid waste incineration process .
Statement II : Incineration emits small but significant amounts of numerous toxic chemicals and produces ash residues (bottom and flyash) which must be buried in approved landfills .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Given below are two statements .
Statement I : Student t - test is a nonparametric test .
Statement II : Paired t - test compares the two correlated sample means .
In light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following compounds in dirty dozens' list of POPs are formed as byproduct of other compounds and not applied directly in environment ?
(a) DDT
(b) Dioxins
(c) Hexachlorobenzene
(d) Furans
(e) Heptachlor
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following is correct for AAS ?
(a) It can only analyze single element at a time .
(b) It has low linear dynamic range .
(c) It can analyze Hg in vapor phase .
(d) It can analyze arsenic in hydride form .
(e) It works on principle of Beer Lambert's law .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The individual plant populations have following group characteristics :
(a) Density
(b) Age
(c) Ratios
(d) Natality
(e) Dominance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

In the layered structure of the Earth, mantle is mostly made up of :
(a) Na and K
(b) Mg and Fe
(c) Ni
(d) Si
(e) Al
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following is not true about Solar Energy ?
(a) It has low environmental impact .
(b) It is intermittent in its availability and requires efficient storage for continuous power supply .
(c) Receives high regulatory credit from government in recognition of low amount of air pollution and GHG emission .
(d) It has low operating cost .
(e) It provides low density of energy per unit collection surface area .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Deep open Benthos Communities :
(a) extend from the boundary of continental shelf to the deepest oceans .
(b) often are entirely heterotrophic living on and in mud surface and bacteria .
(c) include plankton and large swimming animals .
(d) are rich in biodiversity through strange, occupying permanent cold and dark water .
(e) are nutrient rich water supporting growth of organisms .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

BOD test is commonly used to :
(a) determine amount of oxygen required for biological treatment of organic matter present in waste water .
(b) determine size of waste water treatment facility .
(c) assess efficiency of treatment process .
(d) determine compliance with wastewater discharge limits .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following recognise low - waste approach ?
(a) Linear Economy/Path of development
(b) Circular Economy/Path of development
(c) Waste Management
(d) Waste Reduction
(e) Primary pollution and waste prevention
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which one of the following are four major waste types identified based on Physical characteristics ?
(a) Solid Waste
(b) Sludge and Slurry Waste
(c) Combustible Waste
(d) Reactive Waste
(e) Waste Water
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

EIA is usually required for a development project when :
(a) Limited impacts are expected in the environment .
(b) There are potentials for transboundary impact .
(c) Many people are likely to be affected by the project .
(d) No cumulative impacts are expected .
(e) There are protected areas in the project area of influence .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The facts related to P - value :
(a) It is the probability of type - II error which is fixed in advance .
(b) It Is the probability of type - I error which is calculated based on data .
(c) It is the probability of type - I error which is fixed in advance .
(d) It should be less than the level of significance for having significant result .
(e) It is the probability of type - II error which is calculated based on data .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The 95% confidence interval of sample mean can be calculated by :
(a) Sample mean ± 1.96 (Standard deviation)
(b) Sample mean ± 1.96 (Standard Error)
(c) Sample mean ± 61.96 (Standard Error / N /  )
(d) Sample mean ± 1.96 (Standard deviation / )
(e) Sample mean + 1.96 (Variance /  )
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following are parametric tests ?
(a) x²- test
(b) Paired t - test
(c) McNemar's Test
(d) F - test
(e) Wilcoxon - signed - rank test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below ;

Which of the following are the properties of Normal Distribution ?
(a) Median ± 2SE covers the 95% of the observations .
(b) Mode + 2SE covers the 95% of the observations .
(c) Mean ± 2SD covers the 95% of the observations .
(d) It is bell shaped and symmetric .
(e) Mean ± 2SE covers the 95% of the observations .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Which of the following is an example of Type - II erro r?
(a) Probability of not rejecting null hypothesis, when it is actually false .
(b) Probability of rejecting null hypothesis. when it is actually true .
(c) When a drug is actually effective, but declared as not effective .
(d) When a drug is actually not effective, but declared as effective .
(e) When a person is actually not having disease, but declared as diseased by the physician .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I (Wavelength)               List - II (Response)
(a) 0.45 - 052 μm                 I. Absorption band of healthy green vegetation .
(b) 0.63 - 0.69 μm                II. Sensitive to turgidity in amount of water in plants .
c) 1 53 -1.75 um                  III. Increased penetration of water bodies .
(d) 2.08 - 2.35 um               IV. For discrimination of geology .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I                            List - II
(a) Isobars                     I. Air moves from sea to land .
(b) Land Breeze            II. Ocean current with circular flow .
c) Sea Breeze              III. Air moves from land to sea .
(d) Gyres                      IV. Lines connect locations with equal pressure .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II.
List - I                                 List - II
(a) Exosphere                    I. Ozone Formation
(b) Stratosphere                 II. Propogation of radio waves
(c) Troposphere                 III. High temperatures due to solar radiation
(d) Thermosphere             IV. Air movements and cloud formation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I (Theory)                          List - II (Proponent)
(a) Monoclimax Theory               I. Watt (1947)
(b) Polyclimax Theory                II. Whittaker (1953)
(c) Climaxpattern Theory           III. Tansley (1920)
(d) Cyclic Climax Theory           IV. Clements (1938)
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II.
List - I (Name)                List - II (Major Characteristics)
(a) Andisols                    I. Permafrost, often with cryoturbation
(b) Gelisols                    II. High in swelling clays, deep cracks when soil is dry
(c) Histosols                  III. From volcanic ejecta, dominated by allophane or Al - humic complexes
(d) Vertisols                   IV. Peat or bog ; >20% organic matter
Choose the correct answer from the options given below 

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I (Species)            List - II (Chemical formula)
(a) Arsenate                  I. P₃0₄
(b) Red lead                 II. (AsO₄)^3-
(c) White lead              III. Pb₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂
(d) Arsenite                  IV. (AsO₃)^3-
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I (Green House Gas)      List - II (Global Warming Potential
                                              (GWP) (in 20yrs time period)
(a) CO₂                                 I . 360
(b) CH₄                                 II. 50
(c) N₂O                                III. 280
(d) CH₃CCI₃                        IV. 1
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I                                            List - II
(a) Above ground landfills           I. Control of surface draining
(b) Below ground landfills           II. Control inflowing water
(c) Slope landfills                       III. Liner and leachate content system
(d) Valley landfills                      IV. Low permeability liners
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I (Statistical Method)     List - II (Purpose)
(a) Standard Deviation          I. To predict the dependent variable on the basis of independent variables .
(b) Standard Error                 II. To describe the variability in a sample .
(c) Regression Analysis        III. To construct the 95% confidence interval .
(d) Bonferroni's                     IV. Used after ANOVA, method if p < 0.05 .
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I                                                  List - II
(a) Geological Hazard                          I. Nuclear Explosion
(b) Chemical Hazard                           II. Pandemic
(c) Hydro-meteorological Hazard        III. Tsunami
(d) Biological Hazard                          IV. Drought
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

Match List - I with List - II .
List - I                               List - II
(a) Pong dam Lake         I. Tamil Nadu
(b) Harike Lake               II. Andhra Pradesh
(c) Kollerur Lake             III. Himachal Pradesh
(d) Point Calimere          IV. Punjab
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

The pioneer community in human evolution is :

Name the person, who launched the "Green Belt Movement" in Kenya, and got the Nobel Peace Prize :

Identify the environmental system with lowest entropy :

Which chemical form of mercury is completely water soluble ?

The water is classified as "aggressive" if :

The portion of UV spectrum which readily destroys DNA and causes skin cancer is :

Free energy (AG) value of zero indicates :

A gas fired, combined heat and power plant produces 5000 MWh electricity and heat of 30,000 GJ. If the input energy required to run the power plant is 60,000 GJ, the efficiency of the plant is :

Which of the following compounds has the least Ozone Depleting Potential ?

Which one among the following is not an example of detrital sedimentary rocks ?