Which process describes drug movement across membranes?
A
Absorption?
B
All of the above
C
Excretion
D
Distribution
Question 7Single Answer
Passive diffusion depends on?
A
Concentration gradient?
B
Energy
C
Carrier proteins
D
ATP hydrolysis
Question 8Single Answer
Drug metabolism mainly occurs in?
A
Muscle
B
Heart
C
Skin
D
Liver?
Question 9Single Answer
Phase I metabolism mainly involves?
A
Conjugation
B
Oxidation and reduction?
C
Filtration
D
Secretion
Question 10Single Answer
Phase II metabolism is also called?
A
Absorption reactions
B
Hydrolysis reactions
C
Conjugation reactions?
D
Distribution reactions
Question 11Single Answer
Which enzyme system is most important in drug metabolism?
A
Amylase
B
Catalase
C
Cytochrome P450?
D
Lipase
Question 12Single Answer
Drug elimination is mainly via?
A
Kidney?
B
Lungs
C
Skin
D
Intestine
Question 13Single Answer
Half-life of a drug means?
A
Time for 50% drug elimination?
B
Time for 100% drug elimination
C
Time for drug absorption
D
Time for drug distribution
Question 14Single Answer
Steady state concentration is achieved when?
A
Drug is completely absorbed
B
Rate of drug administration = rate of elimination?
C
Drug is completely excreted
D
Drug is inactive
Question 15Single Answer
Pharmacokinetics studies?
A
Drug packaging
B
Drug taste
C
Drug color
D
Drug movement in body?
Question 16Single Answer
Pharmacodynamics studies?
A
Drug effect on body?
B
Drug manufacturing
C
Drug storage
D
Drug marketing
Question 17Single Answer
Agonist drug means?
A
Activates receptor?
B
Blocks receptor
C
Neutralizes drug
D
Inactivates enzyme
Question 18Single Answer
Antagonist drug means?
A
Increases metabolism
B
Stimulates receptor
C
Enhances absorption
D
Blocks receptor?
Question 19Single Answer
Tolerance means?
A
Rapid absorption
B
Increased toxicity
C
Reduced response after repeated drug use?
D
Slow metabolism
Question 20Single Answer
Dependence means?
A
Psychological or physical need of drug?
B
Drug allergy
C
Drug metabolism
D
Drug excretion
Question 21Single Answer
Pharmacogenetics studies?
A
Drug marketing
B
Drug packaging
C
Drug synthesis
D
Genetic variation affecting drug response?
Question 22Single Answer
Which factor modifies drug action?
A
Age
B
Genetics
C
Disease state
D
All of the above?
Question 23Single Answer
ADR stands for?
A
Administered Drug Rate
B
Acute Drug Response
C
Active Drug Release
D
Adverse Drug Reaction?
Question 24Single Answer
Poisoning treatment includes?
A
Gastric lavage?
B
Dialysis
C
All of the above
D
Antidotes
Question 25Single Answer
Drug interaction occurs when?
A
Drugs are stored
B
One drug affects action of another?
C
Drugs are manufactured
D
Drugs are packed
Question 26Single Answer
Bioassay is used for?
A
Biological activity measurement?
B
Drug color testing
C
Drug taste testing
D
Packaging testing
Question 27Single Answer
Biological standardization ensures?
A
Drug shape
B
Drug color
C
Drug potency consistency?
D
Drug smell
Question 28Single Answer
New drug discovery starts with?
A
Marketing
B
Packaging
C
Target identification?
D
Distribution
Question 29Single Answer
Drug absorption is affected by?
A
pH
B
Blood flow
C
All of the above?
D
Lipid solubility
Question 30Single Answer
Lipid soluble drugs are absorbed?
A
Only intravenously
B
Slower
C
Not absorbed
D
Faster?
Question 31Single Answer
Ionized drugs are absorbed?
A
Not at all
B
Rapidly
C
Completely
D
Poorly?
Question 32Single Answer
Drug distribution depends on?
A
Plasma protein binding
B
Tissue perfusion
C
Lipid solubility
D
All of the above?
Question 33Single Answer
Volume of distribution indicates?
A
Drug distribution in body?
B
Drug taste
C
Drug storage
D
Drug synthesis
Question 34Single Answer
Which protein binds many drugs?
A
Hemoglobin
B
Albumin?
C
Keratin
D
Collagen
Question 35Single Answer
Drug excretion mainly occurs via?
A
Saliva
B
Sweat
C
Urine?
D
Tears
Question 36Single Answer
Zero order kinetics means?
A
Variable elimination rate
B
Constant drug elimination rate?
C
No absorption
D
No distribution
Question 37Single Answer
First order kinetics means?
A
Constant elimination
B
Elimination proportional to drug concentration?
C
No metabolism
D
No excretion
Question 38Single Answer
Drug toxicity can be reduced by?
A
Dose adjustment?
B
All of the above
C
Monitoring
D
Antidotes
Question 39Single Answer
Therapeutic index is?
A
Drug packaging index
B
Drug color index
C
Drug weight index
D
Safety measure of drug?
Question 40Single Answer
Narrow therapeutic index drugs require?
A
Careful monitoring?
B
High dosing
C
Rapid infusion
D
No monitoring
Question 41Single Answer
Drug receptor binding is usually?
A
Random
B
Permanent
C
Irreversible only
D
Reversible?
Question 42Single Answer
Synergism means?
A
Drug inactivation
B
Drug opposition
C
Combined drug effect > individual effect?
D
Drug elimination
Question 43Single Answer
Antagonism means?
A
Toxic effect
B
Same drug effects
C
No drug effect
D
Opposite drug effects?
Question 44Single Answer
Competitive antagonism acts by?
A
Increasing metabolism
B
Destroying receptor
C
Competing for same receptor?
D
Increasing excretion
Question 45Single Answer
Non-competitive antagonism?
A
Competes with receptor
B
Does not compete at receptor site?
C
Increases absorption
D
Increases metabolism
Question 46Single Answer
Drug tolerance may be due to?
A
All of the above?
B
Receptor down regulation
C
Metabolic adaptation
D
Enzyme induction
Question 47Single Answer
Tachyphylaxis means?
A
Rapid decrease in drug response?
B
Rapid increase response
C
Chronic toxicity
D
Slow metabolism
Question 48Single Answer
Drug dependence withdrawal symptoms occur due to?
A
Sudden drug stop?
B
Continuous use
C
Slow metabolism
D
High absorption
Question 49Single Answer
ADME stands for?
A
Absorption Distribution Metabolism Excretion?
B
Administration Dose Metabolism Effect
C
Absorption Dose Mechanism Elimination
D
Action Distribution Metabolism Efficacy
Question 50Single Answer
Drug discovery involves?
A
Screening
B
Optimization
C
Clinical trials
D
All of the above?
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Pharmacology
Question 51Single Answer
Drug absorption from GI tract mainly occurs by?
A
Filtration
B
Active transport
C
Passive diffusion?
D
Endocytosis
Question 52Single Answer
Active transport requires?
A
Energy?
B
Concentration gradient only
C
pH difference only
D
Lipid solubility only
Question 53Single Answer
P-glycoprotein mainly causes?
A
Drug activation
B
Drug synthesis
C
Drug efflux?
D
Drug binding
Question 54Single Answer
Prodrug is?
A
Herbal drug
B
Toxic drug
C
Inactive form converted to active form in body?
D
Vaccine
Question 55Single Answer
Bioavailability of IV drug is?
A
75%
B
50%
C
100%?
D
25%
Question 56Single Answer
Intramuscular injection gives drug absorption via?
A
Liver first
B
Muscle capillaries?
C
Lymph nodes
D
Skin layers
Question 57Single Answer
Sublingual route avoids?
A
First pass metabolism?
B
Excretion
C
Distribution
D
Protein binding
Question 58Single Answer
Enteric coated tablets are used to?
A
Increase drug weight
B
Prevent stomach irritation?
C
Reduce drug potency
D
Increase drug color
Question 59Single Answer
Sustained release formulations aim to?
A
Increase toxicity
B
Maintain constant drug level?
C
Decrease bioavailability
D
Increase metabolism
Question 60Single Answer
Pharmacokinetic models are used to?
A
Predict drug concentration?
B
Predict drug color
C
Predict drug packaging
D
Predict drug cost
Question 61Single Answer
Compartment models are based on?
A
Drug distribution in body compartments?
B
Drug synthesis
C
Drug marketing
D
Drug storage
Question 62Single Answer
One compartment model assumes?
A
Uniform drug distribution?
B
No metabolism
C
No absorption
D
No elimination
Question 63Single Answer
Multi-compartment model assumes?
A
No metabolism
B
No absorption
C
Uneven drug distribution?
D
No excretion
Question 64Single Answer
Loading dose is given to?
A
Increase metabolism
B
Stop drug action
C
Reduce toxicity
D
Achieve rapid therapeutic level?
Question 65Single Answer
Maintenance dose is used to?
A
Increase elimination
B
Stop drug action
C
Increase toxicity
D
Maintain steady drug level?
Question 66Single Answer
Drug clearance means?
A
Drug absorption
B
Drug storage
C
Volume of plasma cleared per unit time?
D
Drug packaging
Question 67Single Answer
Renal clearance depends on?
A
Glomerular filtration
B
Tubular secretion
C
Tubular reabsorption
D
All of the above?
Question 68Single Answer
Hepatic microsomal enzymes are induced by?
A
All of the above
B
Alcohol
C
Smoking
D
Phenobarbital?
Question 69Single Answer
Enzyme inhibition leads to?
A
Faster metabolism
B
Decreased drug effect
C
Increased drug concentration?
D
Faster excretion
Question 70Single Answer
Competitive inhibition is?
A
Genetic only
B
Irreversible only
C
Toxic only
D
Reversible?
Question 71Single Answer
Non-competitive inhibition is?
A
No binding
B
Competitive binding
C
Irreversible binding?
D
Only metabolic
Question 72Single Answer
Drug hypersensitivity is?
A
Drug resistance
B
Drug addiction
C
Immune mediated reaction?
D
Drug metabolism
Question 73Single Answer
Type I hypersensitivity involves?
A
IgA only
B
IgG only
C
IgM only
D
IgE antibodies?
Question 74Single Answer
Anaphylaxis is?
A
Drug synthesis
B
Drug metabolism
C
Drug storage
D
Severe allergic reaction?
Question 75Single Answer
Antidote is used to?
A
Increase toxicity
B
Counteract poison?
C
Increase drug absorption
D
Increase distribution
Question 76Single Answer
Activated charcoal is used for?
A
Drug marketing
B
Drug synthesis
C
Drug packaging
D
Poisoning treatment?
Question 77Single Answer
Drug interactions can be?
A
Pharmacokinetic
B
Pharmacodynamic
C
All of the above?
D
Pharmaceutical
Question 78Single Answer
Pharmacodynamic interaction affects?
A
Drug excretion
B
Drug absorption
C
Drug action?
D
Drug packaging
Question 79Single Answer
Pharmacokinetic interaction affects?
A
Drug taste
B
Drug color
C
ADME processes?
D
Drug size
Question 80Single Answer
Pharmaceutical interaction occurs in?
A
Kidney
B
Liver
C
Drug formulation?
D
Brain
Question 81Single Answer
Drug synergy example is?
A
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim?
B
Paracetamol + caffeine
C
Aspirin + warfarin
D
All of the above
Question 82Single Answer
Potentiation means?
A
One drug enhances effect of another?
B
Drug toxicity only
C
Drug elimination
D
Drug synthesis
Question 83Single Answer
Drug receptor theory states?
A
Drug binds receptor to produce effect?
B
Drug acts randomly
C
Drug acts chemically only
D
Drug acts physically only
Question 84Single Answer
Spare receptors are?
A
Mutated receptors
B
Non functional receptors
C
Toxic receptors
D
Extra receptors available for drug binding?
Question 85Single Answer
Partial agonist produces?
A
Maximum response
B
Submaximal response?
C
No response
D
Toxic response
Question 86Single Answer
Drug potency means?
A
Drug metabolism
B
Drug toxicity
C
Amount of drug needed to produce effect?
D
Drug elimination
Question 87Single Answer
Drug efficacy means?
A
Drug cost
B
Maximum response produced?
C
Drug packaging
D
Drug storage
Question 88Single Answer
Dose-response relationship shows?
A
Drug effect vs dose?
B
Drug color vs dose
C
Drug packaging vs dose
D
Drug size vs dose
Question 89Single Answer
Graded dose response curve shows?
A
Response magnitude?
B
Drug price
C
Drug stability
D
Drug toxicity only
Question 90Single Answer
Quantal dose response curve shows?
A
Individual response
B
Population response?
C
Drug packaging
D
Drug color
Question 91Single Answer
LD50 means?
A
Dose lethal to 50% population?
B
Therapeutic dose
C
Safe dose
D
Maintenance dose
Question 92Single Answer
ED50 means?
A
Maintenance dose
B
Toxic dose
C
Lethal dose
D
Effective dose for 50% population?
Question 93Single Answer
Therapeutic index formula is?
A
ED90 / LD10
B
ED50 / LD50
C
LD90 / ED10
D
LD50 / ED50?
Question 94Single Answer
New drug development involves?
A
All of the above?
B
Clinical trials
C
Regulatory approval
D
Preclinical testing
Question 95Single Answer
Phase I clinical trial tests?
A
Manufacturing
B
Efficacy
C
Marketing
D
Safety?
Question 96Single Answer
Phase II clinical trial tests?
A
Efficacy and safety?
B
Packaging
C
Distribution
D
Storage
Question 97Single Answer
Phase III clinical trial involves?
A
Marketing
B
Animal testing
C
Drug synthesis
D
Large population studies?
Question 98Single Answer
Phase IV trials are?
A
Toxicity testing
B
Preclinical testing
C
Post marketing surveillance?
D
Drug discovery
Question 99Single Answer
Drug resistance is?
A
Increased toxicity
B
Reduced drug sensitivity?
C
Increased metabolism
D
Increased absorption
Question 100Single Answer
Antibiotic resistance develops due to?
A
Drug color
B
Drug overdose
C
Genetic mutation?
D
Drug packaging
Question 101Single Answer
Drug accumulation occurs when?
A
Distribution = Metabolism
B
Absorption = Excretion
C
Elimination < Administration?
D
Metabolism > Absorption
Question 102Single Answer
Drug steady state is reached after?
A
20 half lives
B
1 half life
C
10 half lives
D
4–5 half lives?
Question 103Single Answer
Zero order kinetics examples include?
A
Aspirin metabolism
B
Alcohol metabolism?
C
Paracetamol metabolism
D
Penicillin metabolism
Question 104Single Answer
Enzyme induction causes?
A
Increased metabolism?
B
Decreased metabolism
C
No change
D
Toxic accumulation
Question 105Single Answer
Drug distribution barrier in brain is?
A
Blood brain barrier?
B
Placenta
C
Liver membrane
D
Skin membrane
Question 106Single Answer
Placental transfer of drugs occurs by?
A
Passive diffusion?
B
Active transport
C
Endocytosis
D
All of the above
Question 107Single Answer
Teratogenic drugs cause?
A
Infection
B
Birth defects?
C
Allergy
D
Toxicity only
Question 108Single Answer
Drug safety in pregnancy is classified by?
A
FDA categories?
B
WHO categories
C
ICMR categories
D
None
Question 109Single Answer
Category A drugs mean?
A
Experimental drugs
B
Toxic in pregnancy
C
Safe in pregnancy?
D
Poisonous drugs
Question 110Single Answer
Category X drugs mean?
A
Nutritional drugs
B
Safe drugs
C
Herbal drugs
D
Contraindicated in pregnancy?
Question 111Single Answer
Drug metabolism can be affected by?
A
Liver disease?
B
Age
C
Genetics
D
All of the above
Question 112Single Answer
Elderly patients require?
A
No change
B
Higher drug doses
C
Lower drug doses?
D
Only IV drugs
Question 113Single Answer
Neonates have?
A
No metabolism
B
High metabolism
C
Low drug metabolism?
D
Only renal metabolism
Question 114Single Answer
Drug allergy is?
A
Immune mediated?
B
Dose dependent
C
Metabolic
D
Genetic
Question 115Single Answer
Drug idiosyncrasy is?
A
Pharmacokinetic response
B
Normal response
C
Toxic response only
D
Genetically determined abnormal response?
Question 116Single Answer
Tachycardia may occur due to?
A
Sympathomimetic drugs?
B
Sedatives
C
Antibiotics
D
Vitamins
Question 117Single Answer
Bradycardia may be caused by?
A
Steroids
B
Stimulants
C
Antihistamines
D
Beta blockers?
Question 118Single Answer
Drug transport across membrane depends on?
A
All of the above?
B
Molecular size
C
Ionization
D
Lipid solubility
Question 119Single Answer
Protein binding of drug causes?
A
Increased elimination
B
Delayed action?
C
Increased toxicity
D
Drug inactivation
Question 120Single Answer
Free drug fraction is?
A
Toxic only
B
Inactive
C
Pharmacologically active?
D
Metabolized only
Question 121Single Answer
Drug antagonism can be?
A
Chemical
B
All of the above?
C
Physiological
D
Pharmacological
Question 122Single Answer
Chemical antagonism example is?
A
Enzyme inhibition
B
Receptor blocking
C
Antacid neutralizing acid?
D
Metabolic induction
Question 123Single Answer
Physiological antagonism example is?
A
Aspirin vs paracetamol
B
Adrenaline vs histamine?
C
Alcohol vs caffeine
D
Penicillin vs bacteria
Question 124Single Answer
Drug toxicity symptoms depend on?
A
Dose
B
All of the above?
C
Drug type
D
Patient condition
Question 125Single Answer
Drug development regulatory authority in India is?
