Which type of isomerism involves cis-trans configuration?
A
Geometric
B
Optical
C
Structural
D
Positional
Question 5Single Answer
Cis-trans isomerism is mainly seen in?
A
Alkenes
B
Alkanes
C
Alkynes
D
Aromatic compounds
Question 6Single Answer
Drug-receptor interaction mainly depends on?
A
Colour
B
Shape and charge
C
Density
D
Volume only
Question 7Single Answer
Lock and key model of drug action was proposed by?
A
Fischer
B
Ehrlich
C
Pauling
D
Langmuir
Question 8Single Answer
Induced fit theory was proposed by?
A
Fischer
B
Koshland
C
Watson
D
Crick
Question 9Single Answer
Pharmacophore refers to?
A
Excipients
B
Drug impurities
C
Drug metabolism site
D
Essential molecular features for activity
Question 10Single Answer
Bioisosterism is used to?
A
Increase toxicity
B
Improve drug properties
C
Reduce solubility only
D
Increase molecular weight
Question 11Single Answer
Classical bioisosteres include?
A
F and H
B
Cl and Br
C
COOH and SO3H
D
All
Question 12Single Answer
Non-classical bioisosteres include?
A
Ring equivalents
B
Functional group replacements
C
None
D
Both a and b
Question 13Single Answer
Hydrogen bonding in drug action mainly affects?
A
Odour
B
Colour
C
Binding affinity
D
Taste
Question 14Single Answer
Ionic bonding in drug-receptor interaction is?
A
Weak
B
Temporary
C
Strong electrostatic interaction
D
Irrelevant
Question 15Single Answer
Van der Waals forces in drug action are?
A
Strong covalent bonds
B
Weak non-covalent interactions
C
Ionic bonds
D
Metallic bonds
Question 16Single Answer
pKa of a drug mainly influences?
A
Colour
B
Ionization
C
Size
D
Shape only
Question 17Single Answer
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is used to calculate?
A
pH
B
pKa and ionization
C
Molecular weight
D
Solubility only
Question 18Single Answer
Unionized drugs generally cross membranes by?
A
Active transport
B
Passive diffusion
C
Pinocytosis
D
Filtration only
Question 19Single Answer
Which property affects drug absorption?
A
Lipophilicity
B
Molecular size
C
All
D
Ionization
Question 20Single Answer
Lipinski's rule of five relates to?
A
Toxicity only
B
Drug-likeness
C
Stability only
D
Metabolism only
Question 21Single Answer
Lipinski's rule states hydrogen bond donors should be?
A
<=5
B
<=10
C
>=5
D
Exactly 5
Question 22Single Answer
Hydrogen bond acceptors in Lipinski rule should be?
A
>=10
B
<=10
C
<=5
D
Exactly 10
Question 23Single Answer
Molecular weight in Lipinski rule should be?
A
<=500
B
>=500
C
<=1000
D
>=1000
Question 24Single Answer
Topological polar surface area influences?
A
Absorption
B
Distribution
C
Only metabolism
D
Both a and b
Question 25Single Answer
Drug efficacy refers to?
A
Dose required only
B
Maximum response produced
C
Toxicity
D
Stability
Question 26Single Answer
Potency of drug refers to?
A
Dose required to produce effect
B
Colour
C
Taste
D
Density
Question 27Single Answer
Agonist drug is?
A
Inhibits enzyme
B
Blocks receptor
C
Degrades receptor
D
Activates receptor
Question 28Single Answer
Antagonist drug is?
A
Blocks receptor
B
Activates receptor
C
Changes pH
D
Forms salt
Question 29Single Answer
Partial agonist produces?
A
Submaximal response
B
No response
C
Toxic response only
D
Only binding
Question 30Single Answer
Competitive antagonism is overcome by?
A
Cooling
B
Decreasing dose
C
Heating
D
Increasing agonist dose
Question 31Single Answer
Non-competitive antagonism affects?
A
Emax
B
Km only
C
pH
D
Solubility
Question 32Single Answer
Signal transduction mechanisms involve?
A
Proteins only
B
Chromosomes
C
Lipids only
D
Second messengers
Question 33Single Answer
cAMP acts as?
A
Enzyme
B
Receptor
C
Second messenger
D
Transport protein
Question 34Single Answer
Phospholipase C pathway produces?
A
IP3 and DAG
B
ATP only
C
Glucose
D
Cholesterol
Question 35Single Answer
IP3 mainly increases?
A
K+
B
Na+
C
Intracellular Ca2+
D
Cl-
Question 36Single Answer
Drug selectivity means?
A
High dose requirement
B
High toxicity
C
Low solubility
D
Acting on specific receptor
Question 37Single Answer
Partition coefficient affects?
A
Odour
B
Toxicity only
C
Colour
D
Lipid solubility
Question 38Single Answer
Log P value indicates?
A
Lipophilicity
B
Solubility only
C
Density
D
Volume
Question 39Single Answer
Prodrug is?
A
Receptor blocker
B
Toxic drug
C
Enzyme inhibitor
D
Inactive form converted to active
Question 40Single Answer
Prodrug strategy is used to?
A
Reduce efficacy
B
Increase toxicity
C
Improve bioavailability
D
Increase dose
Question 41Single Answer
Drug metabolism mainly occurs in?
A
Heart
B
Kidney
C
Liver
D
Lung
Question 42Single Answer
Phase I metabolism includes?
A
Oxidation
B
Reduction
C
Hydrolysis
D
All
Question 43Single Answer
Phase II metabolism mainly involves?
A
Reduction
B
Hydrolysis
C
Oxidation
D
Conjugation
Question 44Single Answer
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are located in?
A
Blood plasma
B
Liver microsomes
C
Bone marrow
D
Muscle
Question 45Single Answer
Enzyme induction results in?
A
Decreased metabolism
B
Increased metabolism
C
No change
D
Immediate toxicity
Question 46Single Answer
Enzyme inhibition results in?
A
Decreased metabolism
B
Increased metabolism
C
No absorption
D
Increased excretion
Question 47Single Answer
Drug toxicity is related to?
A
Dose
B
Exposure time
C
Metabolism
D
All
Question 48Single Answer
Therapeutic index is?
A
Drug cost index
B
Ratio of effective dose to toxic dose
C
Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
D
Stability index
Question 49Single Answer
ED50 represents?
A
Lethal dose
B
Toxic dose
C
Dose producing 50% response
D
Maximum dose
Question 50Single Answer
LD50 represents?
A
Minimum dose
B
Effective dose
C
Dose lethal to 50% population
D
Maintenance dose
Important Questions Package
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Pharmaceutical Chemistry / Biochemistry
Question 51Single Answer
Drug-receptor binding is mainly?
A
Only irreversible
B
Reversible or irreversible
C
Only covalent
D
Only ionic
Question 52Single Answer
Covalent drug-receptor binding is usually?
A
Rapidly reversible
B
Weak
C
Temporary
D
Irreversible
Question 53Single Answer
Irreversible antagonists act by?
A
Covalent binding
B
Ionic bonding
C
Hydrogen bonding
D
Hydrophobic interaction
Question 54Single Answer
Allosteric modulation affects?
A
Receptor conformation
B
Drug colour
C
Molecular weight
D
Density
Question 55Single Answer
Spare receptors increase?
A
Drug degradation
B
Drug toxicity
C
Drug cost
D
Drug sensitivity
Question 56Single Answer
Signal amplification occurs via?
A
Second messengers
B
DNA
C
RNA
D
Lipids
Question 57Single Answer
G-protein coupled receptors are?
A
Membrane receptors
B
Nuclear receptors
C
Cytoplasmic enzymes
D
Structural proteins
Question 58Single Answer
G-protein activation results in?
A
Protein synthesis
B
ATP hydrolysis
C
GDP to GTP exchange
D
Lipid breakdown only
Question 59Single Answer
Receptor desensitization means?
A
Reduced response
B
Increased response
C
Toxicity
D
Mutation
Question 60Single Answer
Tachyphylaxis refers to?
A
Hypersensitivity
B
Increased response
C
Toxicity
D
Rapid decrease in response
Question 61Single Answer
Drug affinity refers to?
A
Ability to cause response
B
Ability to bind receptor
C
Toxicity
D
Solubility
Question 62Single Answer
Intrinsic activity refers to?
A
Binding only
B
Ability to produce response
C
Solubility
D
Stability
Question 63Single Answer
Receptor occupancy theory was proposed by?
A
Clark
B
Newton
C
Dalton
D
Rutherford
Question 64Single Answer
Drug potency depends on?
A
Affinity
B
Intrinsic activity
C
Molecular weight
D
Both a and b
Question 65Single Answer
Chemical stability of drugs depends on?
A
pH
B
Temperature
C
All
D
Light
Question 66Single Answer
Hydrolysis reactions are common in?
A
Ester drugs
B
Alkane drugs
C
Metal salts
D
Gases
Question 67Single Answer
Oxidation reactions are catalyzed by?
A
Carbohydrates only
B
Proteins only
C
Lipids only
D
CYP enzymes
Question 68Single Answer
Reduction reactions mainly occur in?
A
Bone
B
Skin
C
Muscle
D
Liver
Question 69Single Answer
Drug distribution depends on?
A
All
B
Plasma protein binding
C
Tissue permeability
D
Blood flow
Question 70Single Answer
Plasma protein binding mainly involves?
A
Albumin
B
Hemoglobin
C
Globulin
D
Fibrin
Question 71Single Answer
First pass metabolism occurs in?
A
Lung
B
Kidney
C
Brain
D
Liver
Question 72Single Answer
Bioavailability refers to?
A
Drug colour
B
Drug toxicity
C
Fraction of drug reaching systemic circulation
D
Drug taste
Question 73Single Answer
Volume of distribution indicates?
A
Drug cost
B
Drug distribution in body
C
Drug solubility
D
Drug pH
Question 74Single Answer
Clearance refers to?
A
Drug elimination rate
B
Drug absorption
C
Drug potency
D
Drug binding
Question 75Single Answer
Renal clearance mainly depends on?
A
Glomerular filtration
B
Tubular secretion
C
Tubular reabsorption
D
All
Question 76Single Answer
Passive transport occurs along?
A
Temperature gradient
B
Concentration gradient
C
Pressure gradient
D
pH gradient
Question 77Single Answer
Active transport requires?
A
CO2
B
ATP
C
O2
D
Light
Question 78Single Answer
Facilitated diffusion uses?
A
Lipids
B
Enzymes
C
Carrier proteins
D
Water channels
Question 79Single Answer
Ion trapping is based on?
A
Temperature
B
pH difference
C
Pressure
D
Density
Question 80Single Answer
Weak acidic drugs are best absorbed in?
A
Intestine
B
Stomach
C
Blood
D
Kidney
Question 81Single Answer
Weak basic drugs are best absorbed in?
A
Heart
B
Stomach
C
Liver
D
Intestine
Question 82Single Answer
Drug action onset depends on?
A
All
B
Distribution
C
Metabolism
D
Absorption rate
Question 83Single Answer
Drug elimination depends on?
A
Metabolism
B
Both a and b
C
Excretion
D
Colour
Question 84Single Answer
Half-life of drug refers to?
A
Toxicity time
B
Time for 50% elimination
C
Absorption time
D
Distribution time
Question 85Single Answer
Steady state concentration depends on?
A
Dosage interval
B
Clearance
C
Bioavailability
D
All
Question 86Single Answer
Drug-receptor complex formation is usually?
A
Genetic
B
Permanent
C
Toxic
D
Reversible
Question 87Single Answer
Competitive inhibition affects?
A
Both a and b
B
Vmax
C
Km
D
None
Question 88Single Answer
Non-competitive inhibition affects?
A
Km
B
Vmax
C
Both a and b
D
None
Question 89Single Answer
Structure-activity relationship studies?
A
Drug price
B
Drug structure and activity
C
Drug packaging
D
Drug branding
Question 90Single Answer
Pharmacokinetics studies?
A
Drug smell
B
Drug colour
C
Drug taste
D
Drug movement in body
Question 91Single Answer
Pharmacodynamics studies?
A
Drug packaging
B
Drug action on body
C
Drug cost
D
Drug branding
Question 92Single Answer
Drug receptor specificity is determined by?
A
Molecular structure
B
Charge distribution
C
Shape
D
All
Question 93Single Answer
Drug solubility can be improved by?
A
All
B
Particle size reduction
C
pH adjustment
D
Salt formation
Question 94Single Answer
Salt formation is mainly used for?
A
Gases
B
Strong acids only
C
Metals only
D
Weakly basic and acidic drugs
Question 95Single Answer
Polymorphism affects?
A
Drug dissolution
B
All
C
Stability
D
Bioavailability
Question 96Single Answer
Crystal form of drug affects?
A
Solubility
B
Absorption
C
All
D
Bioavailability
Question 97Single Answer
Drug design is based on?
A
Target receptor interaction
B
Toxicity profile
C
Both a and b
D
None
Question 98Single Answer
Lead compound refers to?
A
Adjuvant
B
Excipient
C
Solvent
D
Prototype drug molecule
Question 99Single Answer
Molecular docking is used for?
A
Packaging
B
Drug design
C
Labelling
D
Storage
Question 100Single Answer
QSAR studies relate?
A
Structure and activity
B
Structure and cost
C
Structure and colour
D
Structure and packaging
Question 101Single Answer
Drug receptor interaction is mainly?
A
Magnetic bonding
B
Physical bonding
C
Thermal bonding
D
Chemical bonding
Question 102Single Answer
Receptor-mediated drug action is based on?
A
Drug weight only
B
Drug colour
C
Molecular recognition
D
Drug packaging
Question 103Single Answer
Stereospecificity of drug action depends on?
A
Receptor geometry
B
Drug chirality
C
None
D
Both a and b
Question 104Single Answer
Enzyme inhibition is mainly used in?
A
Cosmetics
B
Drug therapy
C
Agriculture only
D
Food industry only
Question 105Single Answer
Competitive binding involves?
A
DNA binding only
B
Different receptor
C
Same receptor site
D
RNA binding only
Question 106Single Answer
Drug receptor interaction strength depends on?
A
Bond type
B
Distance
C
All
D
Orientation
Question 107Single Answer
Hydrophobic interactions in drugs mainly involve?
A
Non-polar groups
B
Polar groups
C
Ionic groups
D
Metallic groups
Question 108Single Answer
Drug efficacy and toxicity relation is?
A
Random
B
Dose dependent
C
Independent
D
Constant
Question 109Single Answer
Structure modification in drug design is used to?
A
Both a and b
B
Reduce toxicity
C
Improve activity
D
None
Question 110Single Answer
Medicinal chemistry mainly studies?
A
Drug packaging
B
Drug marketing
C
Drug structure and function
D
Drug pricing
Question 111Single Answer
QSAR stands for?
A
Quick Structure Analysis Report
B
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship
C
Quantum Structure Arrangement
D
Quality Structure Assessment
Question 112Single Answer
QSAR studies mainly relate?
A
Chemical structure and biological activity
B
Drug price and quality
C
Packaging and stability
D
Brand and marketing
Question 113Single Answer
Hansch equation in QSAR relates?
A
Drug color and activity
B
Biological activity with hydrophobic and electronic constants
C
Drug weight and price
D
Drug packaging and stability
Question 114Single Answer
Hydrophobic constant in QSAR is represented by?
A
T
B
s
C
E
D
p
Question 115Single Answer
Hammett constant in QSAR represents?
A
Steric effect
B
Electronic effect
C
Hydrophobic effect
D
Thermal effect
Question 116Single Answer
Steric parameter in QSAR is represented by?
A
p
B
Es
C
s
D
?
Question 117Single Answer
Free Wilson model in QSAR is based on?
A
Substituent contribution
B
Drug solubility
C
Drug color
D
Drug taste
Question 118Single Answer
Topliss scheme is used for?
A
Drug marketing
B
Structure optimization
C
Drug storage
D
Drug packaging
Question 119Single Answer
QSAR helps in?
A
Drug distribution only
B
Drug labelling
C
Drug cost estimation
D
Predicting biological activity
Question 120Single Answer
Lipophilicity in QSAR is important for?
A
Drug branding
B
Drug color
C
Drug shape only
D
Membrane penetration
Question 121Single Answer
Log P represents?
A
Toxicity index
B
Solubility index
C
Partition coefficient
D
Stability index
Question 122Single Answer
High log P value indicates?
A
High lipophilicity
B
High hydrophilicity
C
Low stability
D
Low potency
Question 123Single Answer
Electronic substituent effects influence?
A
Drug binding
B
Drug solubility only
C
Drug color only
D
Drug packaging
Question 124Single Answer
Inductive effect in QSAR is?
A
Electron withdrawal or donation through sigma bonds
