10-6 M NaOH is diluted 100 times. The pH of the diluted base is
A
between 7 and 8
B
between 5 and 6
C
between 6 and 7
D
between 10 and 11
Question 2Single Answer
In the electrolysis of acidulated water, it is desired to obtain 1.12 cc of hydrogen per second under STP condition. The current to be passed is
A
1.93 A
B
9.65 A
C
19.3 A
D
0.965 A
Question 3Single Answer
The one which decreases with dilution is
A
molar conductance
B
conductance
C
specific conductance
D
equivalent conductance
Question 4Single Answer
Vapour pressure of pure ‘A’ is 70 mm of Hg at 25oC. It forms an ideal solution with ‘B’ in which mole fraction of A is 0.8. if the vapour pressure of the solution is 84 mm of Hg at 25oC, the vapour pressure of pure ‘B’ at 25oC is
A
28 mm
B
56 mm
C
70 mm
D
140 mm
Question 5Single Answer
A 6% solution of urea is isotonic with
A
1 M solution of glucose
B
0.05 M solution of glucose
C
6% solution of glucose
D
25% solution of glucose
Question 6Single Answer
In countries nearer to polar region, the roads are sprinkled with CaCl2. This is
A
to minimise the wear and tear of the roads
B
to minimise the snow fall
C
to minimise pollution
D
to minimise the accumulation of dust on the road
Question 7Single Answer
A compound of ‘A’ and ‘B’ crystallises in a cubic lattice in which ‘A’ atoms occupy the lattice points at the corners of the cube. The ‘B’ atoms occupy the centre of each face of the cube. The probable empirical formula of the compound is
A
AB2
B
A2B
C
AB
D
AB3
Question 8Single Answer
In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the nitro group is meta directing because it
A
decreases electron density at ortho and para positions
B
decreases electron density at meta position
C
increases electron density at meta position
D
increases electron density at ortho and para position
Question 9Single Answer
The best method for the conversion of an alcohol into an alkyl chloride is by treating the alcohol with
A
PCI5
B
PCI3
C
SOCl2 in presence of pyridine
D
dry HCl in the presence of anhydrous ZnCl2
Question 10Single Answer
The carbon bond length in benzene is
A
in between C2H6 and C2H4
B
same as in C2H4
C
in between C2H6 and C2H2
D
in between C2H4 and C2H2
Question 11Single Answer
The compound which is not formed during the dry distillation of a mixture of calcium formate and calcium acetate is
A
methanal
B
propanal
C
propanone
D
ethanal
Question 12Single Answer
An organic compound x is oxidised by using acidified K2Cr2O7. The product obtained reacts with phenyl hydrazine but does not answer silver mirror test. The possible structured of X is
A
CH3CH2OH
B
CH3 – C – CH3
C
(CH3)2CHOH
D
CH3CHO
Question 13Single Answer
Arrange the following in the increasing of their. Basic strengths CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)2N, NH3
A
NH3, < (CH3)3N < (CH3)2NH < CH3NH2
B
NH3 < (CH3)3N < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH
C
(CH3)3N < NH3 < CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH
D
CH3NH2 < (CH3)2NH < (CH3)3N , NH3
Question 14Single Answer
The one which has least iodine value is
A
sunflower oil
B
ginger oil
C
ghee
D
groundnut oil
Question 15Single Answer
A diabetic person carries a packet of glucose with him always, because
A
glucose reduces the blood sugar level slowly
B
glucose increases the blood sugar level slowly
C
glucose reduces the blood sugar level
D
glucose increases the blood sugar level almost instantaneously
Question 16Single Answer
There are 20 naturally occurring among acids. The maximum number of tripeptides than can be obtained is
A
8000
B
6470
C
7465
D
5360
Question 17Single Answer
At what temperature ill the RMS velocity of SO2 be the same as that of O2 at 303 K ?
A
403 K
B
303 K
C
606 K
D
273 K
Question 18Single Answer
Phenol is treated with bromine water and shaken well. The white precipitate formed during the process is
A
m–bromophenol
B
2, 4, 6 tribromophenol
C
2-4 dibromophenol
D
A mixture of o-and p-bromophenols
Question 19Single Answer
In thermite process the metal used as reducing agent is:
A
Nickel
B
Zinc
C
Sodium
D
Aluminium
Question 20Single Answer
Which of the following compounds on boiling with alkaline KMnO4 and subsequent acidification will not give benzoic acid?
A
Benzyl alcohol
B
Acetophenone
C
Anisole
D
Toluene
Question 21Single Answer
The base present in DNA, but not in RNA is:
A
Guanine
B
Adenine
C
Uracil
D
Thymine
Question 22Single Answer
The total number of lattice arrangements in different crystal system is:
A
7
B
3
C
8
D
14
Question 23Single Answer
Alcoholic potash is used to bring about :
A
Dehydrogenation
B
Dehydration
C
Dehydrohalogenation
D
Dehalogenation
Question 24Single Answer
Which of the following is the correct statement?
A
Order of a reaction has always an integral value
B
Mechanism of a reaction proposed is always final
C
Zero order reactions are multi-step reactions
D
Order of reaction can be predicted even without knowing the rate law
Question 25Single Answer
The unit of quantity of electricity is:
A
Ohm
B
Ampere
C
Coulomb
D
Volt
Question 26Single Answer
Which of the following organic compounds answers both iodoform test and fehling’s test ?
A
Methanal
B
Ethanol
C
Propane
D
Ethanal
Question 27Single Answer
10 dm3 of N2 gas and 10 dm3 of gas X at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules.
A
NO
B
H2
C
CO2 or CO
D
All of these
Question 28Single Answer
When the electrons of hydrogen atoms return to L shell from shells of higher energy, we get a series of lines in the spectrum. This series is called
A
Balmer series
B
Lyman series
C
Bracket series
D
Paschen series
Question 29Single Answer
The alcohol obtained by the hydrolysis of oils and fats is:
A
Glycol
B
Glycerol
C
Propanol
D
Pentanol
Question 30Single Answer
Which of the following alloys is used for making magnets for hearing aids?
A
Alnico
B
German silver
C
Invar
D
Monel metal
Question 31Single Answer
Which of the following is not a synthetic fibre:
A
Anygora
B
Rayon
C
Nylon
D
Polyster
Question 32Single Answer
Which one of the following is not contained in Portland cement ?
A
Ca3Al2O6
B
Ca3SiO5
C
Ca2SiO4
D
Ca3(PO4)2
Question 33Single Answer
What is the reson for white cement to be white ?
A
It does not contain carbon
B
It does not contain silicon
C
It does not contain iron
D
It does not contain calcium
Question 34Single Answer
Which fertilizer is assimilated directly by the plant ?
A
Super phosphate
B
Nitrolim
C
Muriate of Potash
D
Humus
Question 35Single Answer
Which of the following chemicals is used in foam fire extinguishers ?
A
Aluminium sulphate
B
Copper sulphate
C
Cobalt sulphate
D
Nickel sulphate
Question 36Single Answer
What is a mixture of potassium nitrate, powdered charcoal and sulphur called ?
A
Glass
B
Cement
C
paint
D
Gun powder
Question 37Single Answer
Which one of the following chemicals is used in beauty parlours for hair – setting ?
A
Sulphur based
B
Phosphorus based
C
Silicon based
D
Iron based
Question 38Single Answer
Which one of the following is used as a mordant in dyeing and tanning industry ?
A
Magnesium oxide
B
Magnesium carbonate
C
Magnesium chloride
D
Magnesium sulphate
Question 39Single Answer
Which one of the following substances is used in the manufacture of safety matches ?
A
Red phosphorus
B
White phosphorus
C
Phosphorus trioxide (P2O3)
D
Black phosphorus
Question 40Single Answer
Which one of the following polymeric materials is used for making bullet proof jacket ?
A
Nylon –6, 6
B
Rayon
C
Kevlar
D
Dacron
Question 41Single Answer
Which one of the following is another name of RDX
A
Cyanohydrin
B
Dextran
C
Cyclohexane
D
Cyclonite
Question 42Single Answer
Which one of the following is used as an explosive ?
A
Phosphorus trichloride
B
Mercuric oxide
C
Graphite
D
Nitroglycerine
Question 43Single Answer
Flint glass is obtained from which of the following ?
A
Zinc and barium borosilicate
B
Sand, red lead and potassium carbonate
C
Sodium aluminium borosilicate
D
Pure silica and zinc oxide
Question 44Single Answer
Which one of the following correctly defines the state of glass ?
A
Crystalline solid
B
Super cooled liquid
C
Condensed gas
D
Liquid crystal
Question 45Single Answer
Which one of the following is not used as fertilizer ?
A
Ammonium nitrate
B
Ammonium sulphide
C
Ammonium phosphate
D
Ammonium sulphate
Question 46Single Answer
Which one of the following elements is needed in the human body to transfer electrical signals by nerve cells ?
A
Lithium
B
Sodium
C
Rubidium
D
Caesium
Question 47Single Answer
Which one of the following is NOT true for bleaching powder ?
A
It is used as a reducing agent in chemical industries
B
It is used for bleaching wood pup in paper factories
C
It is used for disinfecting drinking water
D
It is used for bleaching linen in textile industry
Question 48Single Answer
Hard glass having the same ingredientsas soft glass excepts.
A
hard glass have Na in place of K
B
hard glass having K in place of Na
C
hard glass having both Na and K
D
None of the above
Question 49Single Answer
A complete fertilizer provides
A
N,P, K
B
S, K, N
C
S, B, K
D
N, S, P
Question 50Single Answer
Antacids are commonly used to get rid of acidity in the Stomach. A commonly used antacid is.
A
sodium hydrogen phthalate
B
magnesium hydroxide
C
calcium hydroxide
D
manganese acetate
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Chemistry
Question 51Single Answer
Annealing of glass is done to.
A
make it brittle
B
make it opaque
C
make it transparent
D
None of the above
Question 52Single Answer
Petrochemicals are obtained from.
A
coal
B
petroleum
C
coal tar
D
All of these
Question 53Single Answer
The use of chemicals for treatment of diseases is called as.
A
isothermotherapy
B
angiotherapy
C
physiotherapy
D
chemotherapy
Question 54Single Answer
Which of the following is a hypnotic drug ?
A
luminal
B
salol
C
catechol
D
chemisol
Question 55Single Answer
Teflon is a polymer of which of the following monomers ?
A
Tetrafluoroethylene
B
Vinyl chloride
C
Acetylene dichloride
D
None of the above/More than one of the above
Question 56Single Answer
LPG used as domestic fuel chiefly contains–
A
Methane
B
Propane
C
Ethylene
D
Butane
E
None of the above/More than one of the above
Question 57Single Answer
Glass is a.
A
liquid
B
colloid
C
non–crystalline amorphous solid
D
crystalline solid
Question 58Single Answer
Which one of the following acids is used for etching glass ?
A
H2SO4
B
HNO3
C
HF
D
HCI
Question 59Single Answer
What is the purpose of adding plasticizers in paint manufacturing process ?
A
They act as a film–forming constituent
B
They reduce the viscosity
C
They prevent the polymerization and condensation
D
They provide elasticity to the film and minimize its cracking
Question 60Single Answer
Which raw material is used in the preperation of soft glass ?
A
K2CO3, SiO2, CaCO3
B
K2CO3, SiO2, PbCO3
C
Na2CO3, SiO2, CaCO3
D
Na2CO3, SiO2, PbO
Question 61Single Answer
Chemistry is mainly concerned with the study of?
A
Matter and its properties
B
Energy and its transformation
C
Life and living organisms
D
Earth and atmosphere
Question 62Single Answer
Which of the following best defines matter?
A
Anything that reacts chemically
B
Anything that can be seen
C
Anything that releases energy
D
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Question 63Single Answer
The smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction is?
A
Atom
B
Molecule
C
Ion
D
Electron
Question 64Single Answer
Which law states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction?
A
Law of definite proportions
B
Law of multiple proportions
C
Avogadro’s law
D
Law of conservation of mass
Question 65Single Answer
The law of definite proportions was proposed by?
A
Dalton
B
Avogadro
C
Lavoisier
D
Proust
Question 66Single Answer
According to the law of multiple proportions, when two elements combine they do so in?
A
Same mass ratio
B
Continuous ratio
C
Simple whole number ratio
D
Random ratio
Question 67Single Answer
Dalton’s atomic theory postulated that atoms are?
A
Divisible
B
Indestructible
C
Made of protons and electrons
D
Variable in mass
Question 68Single Answer
Which postulate of Dalton’s theory is incorrect in the light of modern chemistry?
A
Atoms combine in whole numbers
B
Atoms rearrange in reactions
C
Atoms of different elements differ
D
Atoms are indivisible
Question 69Single Answer
A molecule is defined as?
A
Smallest particle of matter
B
Smallest particle of an element
C
Charged particle
D
Smallest particle of a compound capable of independent existence
Question 70Single Answer
The atomic mass unit (amu) is defined relative to?
A
Hydrogen atom
B
Oxygen atom
C
Carbon-12 atom
D
Helium atom
Question 71Single Answer
One atomic mass unit is equal to?
A
Mass of one hydrogen atom
B
1/16 mass of oxygen atom
C
Mass of one neutron
D
1/12 mass of carbon-12 atom
Question 72Single Answer
The relative atomic mass of an element is?
A
Absolute mass of atom
B
Mass in grams
C
Ratio of mass of atom to 1 amu
D
Mass in kilograms
Question 73Single Answer
Molecular mass is defined as?
A
Mass of one atom
B
Average atomic mass
C
Mass of one mole
D
Sum of atomic masses of all atoms in a molecule
Question 74Single Answer
The SI unit of amount of substance is?
A
Gram
B
Kilogram
C
Mole
D
Litre
Question 75Single Answer
One mole of any substance contains?
A
6.022 × 1023 particles
B
1.66 × 10-24 particles
C
3.011 × 1023 particles
D
1023 particles
Question 76Single Answer
Avogadro number represents the number of?
A
Atoms in 1 g of substance
B
Particles in one mole
C
Molecules in 1 litre of gas
D
Atoms in 1 amu
Question 77Single Answer
Molar mass is expressed in?
A
g mol-1
B
kg
C
amu
D
mol g-1
Question 78Single Answer
The mass of one mole of carbon-12 is?
A
6 g
B
12 g
C
14 g
D
1 g
Question 79Single Answer
The number of moles is calculated by?
A
Mass ÷ molar mass
B
Mass × molar mass
C
Molar mass ÷ mass
D
Mass × Avogadro number
Question 80Single Answer
Percentage composition refers to?
A
Mole percentage
B
Volume percentage of gases
C
Mass percentage of elements in a compound
D
Atomic percentage
Question 81Single Answer
Empirical formula represents?
A
Actual number of atoms
B
Structural arrangement
C
Molecular mass
D
Simplest whole number ratio of atoms
Question 82Single Answer
Molecular formula represents?
A
Simplest ratio of atoms
B
Ionic composition
C
Actual number of atoms in a molecule
D
Percentage composition
Question 83Single Answer
The relation between molecular and empirical formula is?
A
Molecular = n × Empirical
B
Molecular = Empirical
C
Empirical = n × Molecular
D
Both are unrelated
Question 84Single Answer
The value of ‘n’ is obtained by?
A
Empirical mass ÷ molecular mass
B
Atomic mass ÷ molecular mass
C
Molecular mass ÷ empirical mass
D
Molecular mass ÷ atomic mass
Question 85Single Answer
Stoichiometry deals with?
A
Structure of atoms
B
Quantitative relationships in reactions
C
Reaction mechanisms
D
Chemical bonding
Question 86Single Answer
A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of?
A
Conservation of mass
B
Multiple proportions
C
Definite proportions
D
Gaseous volumes
Question 87Single Answer
Limiting reagent is the reactant which?
A
Is present in excess
B
Limits the amount of product formed
C
Has higher molar mass
D
Reacts last
Question 88Single Answer
The reactant present in excess after reaction completion is called?
A
Limiting reagent
B
Catalyst
C
Excess reagent
D
Product
Question 89Single Answer
A chemical equation represents?
A
Qualitative change only
B
Quantitative change only
C
Both qualitative and quantitative changes
D
Physical change
Question 90Single Answer
Which of the following is a chemical change?
A
Rusting of iron
B
Boiling of water
C
Melting of ice
D
Dissolution of sugar
Question 91Single Answer
Which quantum number determines the size of an orbital?
A
Azimuthal quantum number
B
Magnetic quantum number
C
Principal quantum number
D
Spin quantum number
Question 92Single Answer
Which quantum number describes the shape of an orbital?
A
Principal quantum number
B
Azimuthal quantum number
C
Magnetic quantum number
D
Spin quantum number
Question 93Single Answer
Which quantum number gives the orientation of an orbital in space?
A
Principal quantum number
B
Azimuthal quantum number
C
Magnetic quantum number
D
Spin quantum number
Question 94Single Answer
Which quantum number has only two possible values?
A
n
B
l
C
m
D
s
Question 95Single Answer
The value of azimuthal quantum number (l) for s-orbital is?
A
0
B
1
C
2
D
3
Question 96Single Answer
How many orbitals are present in p-subshell?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
5
Question 97Single Answer
Total number of orbitals in d-subshell is?
A
3
B
5
C
7
D
10
Question 98Single Answer
Maximum number of electrons in a shell is given by?
A
2n
B
n²
C
2n²
D
4n²
Question 99Single Answer
Which orbital has spherical shape?
A
p
B
d
C
f
D
s
Question 100Single Answer
Which rule explains pairing of electrons in orbitals?
A
Aufbau principle
B
Pauli exclusion principle
C
Hund’s rule
D
Heisenberg principle
Question 101Single Answer
Aufbau principle is based on?
A
Shape of orbitals
B
Increasing atomic number
C
Increasing energy of orbitals
D
Nuclear charge
Question 102Single Answer
Which orbital is filled after 3p according to Aufbau rule?
A
3d
B
4s
C
4p
D
5s
Question 103Single Answer
The maximum electrons in p-subshell are?
A
2
B
4
C
6
D
10
Question 104Single Answer
Which principle states that no two electrons have same set of quantum numbers?
A
Hund’s rule
B
Aufbau principle
C
Pauli exclusion principle
D
Heisenberg principle
Question 105Single Answer
Number of nodal planes in p-orbital is?
A
0
B
1
C
2
D
3
Question 106Single Answer
Which subshell has maximum penetration power?
A
f
B
d
C
p
D
s
Question 107Single Answer
Which orbital has dumbbell shape?
A
s
B
p
C
d
D
f
Question 108Single Answer
Which subshell has highest energy in the same shell?
A
s
B
p
C
d
D
f
Question 109Single Answer
Degeneracy of p-orbitals means?
A
Same shape
B
Same size
C
Same energy
D
Same orientation
Question 110Single Answer
Total number of electrons in f-subshell is?
A
10
B
12
C
14
D
16
Question 111Single Answer
The value of magnetic quantum number ranges from?
A
0 to n
B
–l to +l
C
–n to +n
D
–1 to +1
Question 112Single Answer
Which orbital has clover-leaf shape?
A
s
B
p
C
d
D
f
Question 113Single Answer
Which orbital has maximum number of nodal planes?
A
s
B
p
C
d
D
f
Question 114Single Answer
Which rule explains extra stability of half-filled orbitals?
A
Pauli principle
B
Aufbau principle
C
Hund’s rule
D
Heisenberg principle
Question 115Single Answer
The electronic configuration of Cr shows anomaly due to?
A
Nuclear charge
B
Pairing energy
C
Extra stability of half-filled orbitals
D
Screening effect
Question 116Single Answer
Which orbital is lowest in energy?
A
2p
B
3s
C
4s
D
1s
Question 117Single Answer
Which orbital has zero angular momentum?
A
p
B
d
C
f
D
s
Question 118Single Answer
Which quantum number decides energy in multi-electron atoms?
A
n only
B
l only
C
n and l
D
m only
Question 119Single Answer
The order of increasing energy is?
A
s < p < d < f
B
p < s < d < f
C
d < p < s < f
D
f < d < p < s
Question 120Single Answer
Which orbital has two nodal planes?
A
s
B
p
C
d
D
f
Question 121Single Answer
Degree of hydrolysis a increases with?
A
Dilution
B
Concentration
C
Temperature only
D
Pressure only
Question 122Single Answer
Ka of weak acid and Kb of conjugate base related by?
A
Ka × Kb = Kw
B
Ka + Kb = Kw
C
Ka – Kb = Kw
D
None
Question 123Single Answer
pH of salt solution depends on?
A
Hydrolysis of ions
B
Pressure only
C
Color only
D
Temperature only
Question 124Single Answer
Hydrolysis of KCN gives?
A
Basic solution
B
Acidic solution
C
Neutral solution
D
None
Question 125Single Answer
Hydrolysis constant Kh for basic salt?
A
Kw / Kb
B
Kw / Ka
C
Ka / Kw
D
Kb / Ka
Question 126Single Answer
Strong acid + weak base salt undergoes?
A
Acidic hydrolysis
B
Basic hydrolysis
C
No hydrolysis
D
Colloidal formation
Question 127Single Answer
Weak acid + strong base salt undergoes?
A
Basic hydrolysis
B
Acidic hydrolysis
C
Neutral
D
None
Question 128Single Answer
Hydrolysis constant Kh for acidic salt?
A
Kw / Ka
B
Ka / Kw
C
Kb / Kw
D
Kb × Ka
Question 129Single Answer
Common ion effect decreases?
A
Solubility and ionization
B
Only color
C
Only pH
D
None
Question 130Single Answer
Ionic product of water increases with?
A
Temperature
B
Pressure only
C
Color
D
None
Question 131Single Answer
Strong acid-strong base salt solution is?
A
Neutral
B
Acidic
C
Basic
D
Colloidal
Question 132Single Answer
Weak acid-weak base salt pH depends on?
A
Relative Ka and Kb
B
Pressure only
C
Color only
D
Viscosity
Question 133Single Answer
Fractional ionization a decreases by?
A
Common ion effect
B
Temperature increase
C
Dilution
D
Pressure increase
Question 134Single Answer
Buffers resist pH change due to?
A
Addition of small amounts of acid or base
B
Temperature change
C
Pressure change
D
Viscosity
Question 135Single Answer
Neutral solution pH at 25°C?
A
7
B
0
C
14
D
1
Question 136Single Answer
According to Bohr’s model, the angular momentum of an electron in a permitted orbit is quantized as?
A
nh/2π
B
h/n
C
2πnh
D
nh²/2π
Question 137Single Answer
Which quantum number primarily determines the shape of an atomic orbital?
A
Azimuthal quantum number
B
Principal quantum number
C
Magnetic quantum number
D
Spin quantum number
Question 138Single Answer
Which quantum number determines the orientation of an orbital in space?
A
n
B
mₗ
C
l
D
mₛ
Question 139Single Answer
The maximum number of electrons that can occupy a subshell having azimuthal quantum number l is?
A
2l + 1
B
2(2l + 1)
C
2l²
D
2n²
Question 140Single Answer
Which principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical values of all four quantum numbers?
A
Pauli exclusion principle
B
Hund’s rule
C
Aufbau principle
D
Heisenberg principle
Question 141Single Answer
According to Hund’s rule, electrons occupy degenerate orbitals by?
A
Pairing first
B
Having opposite spins in separate orbitals
C
Occupying only one orbital
D
Occupying singly with parallel spins first
Question 142Single Answer
Which orbital is filled immediately before the 3d orbital according to the Aufbau principle?
A
4s
B
3p
C
4p
D
3s
Question 143Single Answer
The de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to?
A
Charge
B
Energy only
C
Momentum
D
Atomic number
Question 144Single Answer
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle relates simultaneous uncertainty in position and?
A
Momentum
B
Spin
C
Charge
D
Mass
Question 145Single Answer
A nodal plane in an atomic orbital is a region where?
A
Electron density is maximum
B
Electron velocity is maximum
C
Potential energy is zero
D
Probability of finding an electron is zero
Question 146Single Answer
The number of radial nodes in a 3p orbital is?
A
0
B
1
C
2
D
3
Question 147Single Answer
The total number of nodes in a 4d orbital is?
A
1
B
2
C
3
D
4
Question 148Single Answer
Which hybridization is associated with a tetrahedral arrangement?
A
sp³
B
sp²
C
sp
D
dsp²
Question 149Single Answer
According to VSEPR theory, the shape of BF₃ is?
A
Trigonal pyramidal
B
Tetrahedral
C
T-shaped
D
Trigonal planar
Question 150Single Answer
The molecular geometry of NH₃ according to VSEPR theory is?