Which ancient text emphasizes controlling the mind and emotions to achieve inner peace in Eastern psychological thought?
A
Upanishads
B
Puranas
C
Vedas
D
Bhagavad Gita
Question 2Single Answer
What does the Bhagavad Gita identify as the root cause of human problems in psychological terms?
A
Lack of wealth
B
Lack of integration of the full personality
C
External conflicts
D
Physical ailments
Question 3Single Answer
In the Bhagavad Gita, what does 'Jnana' signify in the context of cognitive appraisal?
A
Sensory perception
B
Accurate understanding and wisdom
C
Emotional regulation
D
Physical action
Question 4Single Answer
How does the Bhagavad Gita suggest achieving equanimity in internal life and external activities?
A
By controlling desires and emotions
B
Through meditation only
C
Via material pursuits
D
By avoiding all actions
Question 5Single Answer
Which concept in the Bhagavad Gita aligns with modern theories of self-realization and motivation?
A
Self-realization and mental balance
B
Dharma
C
Karma
D
Moksha
Question 6Single Answer
What does Krishna advise Arjuna in the Bhagavad Gita to transcend for psychological equilibrium?
A
Desires and emotions
B
Physical strength
C
Intellectual dominance
D
Social status
Question 7Single Answer
What psychological roadmap does the Bhagavad Gita provide for transcending the ego?
A
Realizing inherent divinity
B
Accumulating knowledge
C
Performing rituals
D
Seeking external validation
Question 8Single Answer
Which psychological concepts relevant to human dilemmas are integrated in the Bhagavad Gita?
A
Perception and sensation
B
Behavior and conditioning
C
Mind, emotions, and moral issues
D
Learning and memory
Question 9Single Answer
What is essential for facing challenges according to the Bhagavad Gita’s psychological teachings?
A
Mental balance and self-discipline
B
Wealth accumulation
C
Social influence
D
Physical fitness
Question 10Single Answer
Which Eastern system views suffering as arising from attachment and ignorance?
A
Buddhism
B
Sufism
C
Integral Yoga
D
Bhagavad Gita
Question 11Single Answer
What is the primary psychological goal of Buddhism’s Four Noble Truths?
A
Achieving material success
B
Liberation from suffering
C
Social harmony
D
Intellectual superiority
Question 12Single Answer
In Buddhism, what practice is central to developing mindfulness and mental clarity?
A
Meditation
B
Ritual worship
C
Physical exercise
D
Social service
Question 13Single Answer
Which concept in Buddhism relates to the impermanence of all phenomena, impacting psychological well-being?
A
Nirvana
B
Anatta
C
Dukkha
D
Anicca
Question 14Single Answer
How does Buddhism describe the self in psychological terms?
A
A permanent entity
B
An illusion (Anatta)
C
A divine spark
D
A social construct
Question 15Single Answer
What does the Buddhist concept of 'Dukkha' refer to in psychological contexts?
A
Joyful experiences
B
Suffering or dissatisfaction
C
Eternal bliss
D
Physical health
Question 16Single Answer
Which Buddhist practice emphasizes compassion and loving-kindness to enhance psychological health?
A
Metta meditation
B
Vipassana
C
Zen meditation
D
Mantra chanting
Question 17Single Answer
In Sufism, what is the psychological significance of the concept of 'Fana'?
A
Material wealth
B
Physical strength
C
Social status
D
Ego dissolution
Question 18Single Answer
Which Sufi practice involves rhythmic chanting to achieve a state of psychological transcendence?
A
Salah
B
Zikr
C
Fasting
D
Pilgrimage
Question 19Single Answer
What does Sufism emphasize as a path to psychological transformation?
A
Intellectual debates
B
Ritual sacrifices
C
Love and devotion to the divine
D
Social reforms
Question 20Single Answer
Which Eastern system integrates physical, mental, and spiritual practices for psychological growth?
A
Buddhism
B
Sufism
C
Integral Yoga
D
Bhagavad Gita
Question 21Single Answer
Who developed the system of Integral Yoga, emphasizing psychological and spiritual evolution?
A
Swami Vivekananda
B
Mahatma Gandhi
C
Sri Aurobindo
D
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
Question 22Single Answer
What is the primary psychological aim of Integral Yoga?
A
Physical fitness
B
Social activism
C
Transformation of consciousness
D
Academic success
Question 23Single Answer
In Integral Yoga, what is the role of the 'psychic being' in psychological development?
A
Physical health
B
Cognitive skills
C
Emotional regulation
D
Inner spiritual core guiding evolution
Question 24Single Answer
Which aspect of Integral Yoga focuses on harmonizing the mind, body, and spirit?
A
Karma Yoga
B
Jnana Yoga
C
Bhakti Yoga
D
Integral synthesis
Question 25Single Answer
During which era did academic psychology in India begin to take shape under colonial influence?
A
Post-independence era
B
1970s
C
Pre-independence era
D
1990s
Question 26Single Answer
Which university established the first psychology department in India in 1916?
A
University of Delhi
B
University of Bombay
C
University of Calcutta
D
University of Madras
Question 27Single Answer
What was a key focus of academic psychology in India during the pre-independence era?
A
Social issues
B
Indigenization
C
Experimental psychology
D
Clinical therapy
Question 28Single Answer
Who was a prominent figure in establishing experimental psychology in India during the pre-independence era?
A
Sigmund Freud
B
N.N. Sengupta
C
Carl Jung
D
B.F. Skinner
Question 29Single Answer
What characterized the post-independence era of academic psychology in India?
A
Focus on Western theories
B
Expansion of psychology education
C
Indigenization efforts
D
Disciplinary identity crisis
Question 30Single Answer
Which decade saw Indian psychology addressing social issues like poverty and education?
A
1950s
B
1960s
C
1980s
D
1970s
Question 31Single Answer
What was a major focus of Indian psychology in the 1970s?
A
Cognitive neuroscience
B
Behaviorism
C
Psychoanalysis
D
Socially relevant research
Question 32Single Answer
Which movement in Indian psychology began in the 1980s to incorporate indigenous perspectives?
A
Globalization
B
Indigenization
C
Colonialism
D
Postmodernism
Question 33Single Answer
What was a key challenge for Indian psychology during the 1980s indigenization efforts?
A
Balancing Western and Indian perspectives
B
Lack of funding
C
Overemphasis on social issues
D
Absence of academic institutions
Question 34Single Answer
Which decade saw Indian psychology grappling with paradigmatic concerns and disciplinary identity crisis?
A
1970s
B
1990s
C
1980s
D
2000s
Question 35Single Answer
What was a major issue for Indian psychology in the 1990s?
A
Global recognition
B
Overfunding of research
C
Excessive indigenization
D
Lack of distinct disciplinary identity
Question 36Single Answer
Which movement emerged in Indian psychology academia during the 2000s?
A
Behaviorism
B
Humanistic psychology
C
Psychoanalysis
D
Indian psychology
Question 37Single Answer
What was a key feature of Indian psychology in the 2000s?
A
Integration of indigenous psychological concepts
B
Rejection of Western theories
C
Focus on clinical therapy
D
Emphasis on cognitive science
Question 38Single Answer
Which Eastern system’s psychological insights were increasingly explored in Indian psychology during the 2000s?
A
Bhagavad Gita and Yoga
B
Confucianism
C
Taoism
D
Zen Buddhism
Question 39Single Answer
What was a significant issue in the colonial encounter for Indian psychology?
A
Overemphasis on indigenous systems
B
Absence of social issues
C
Lack of academic institutions
D
Imposition of Western psychological frameworks
Question 40Single Answer
How did the colonial encounter influence early academic psychology in India?
A
Promoted indigenous systems
B
Focused on social reforms
C
Prioritized Western experimental methods
D
Encouraged spiritual practices
Question 41Single Answer
What is a key feature of postcolonial psychology in India?
A
Complete rejection of Western theories
B
Focus on behaviorism
C
Reclaiming indigenous psychological knowledge
D
Emphasis on neuroscience
Question 42Single Answer
Which issue persists in Indian psychology due to its colonial legacy?
A
Overfunding of research
B
Excessive indigenization
C
Lack of distinct disciplinary identity
D
Global dominance
Question 43Single Answer
What does postcolonial psychology in India critique about Western psychological models?
A
Their universal applicability
B
Their focus on social issues
C
Their spiritual foundations
D
Their experimental rigor
Question 44Single Answer
Which Eastern system emphasizes the psychological role of divine love in achieving inner peace?
A
Buddhism
B
Bhagavad Gita
C
Integral Yoga
D
Sufism
Question 45Single Answer
In Sufism, what psychological state is achieved through the practice of Zikr?
A
Cognitive dissonance
B
Emotional suppression
C
Spiritual ecstasy
D
Physical relaxation
Question 46Single Answer
What does Integral Yoga view as the ultimate goal of psychological development?
A
Material success
B
Intellectual mastery
C
Social harmony
D
Divine consciousness
Question 47Single Answer
Which Buddhist concept aligns with modern cognitive therapy’s focus on reframing thoughts?
A
Anatta
B
Karma
C
Right Mindfulness
D
Nirvana
Question 48Single Answer
What was a limitation of pre-independence psychology in India?
A
Overemphasis on indigenous systems
B
Heavy reliance on Western models
C
Lack of social relevance
D
Excessive funding
Question 49Single Answer
Which decade marked the shift toward socially relevant psychological research in India?
A
1960s
B
1990s
C
1980s
D
1970s
Question 50Single Answer
What was a key focus of indigenization in Indian psychology during the 1980s?
A
Adopting Western theories
B
Emphasizing neuroscience
C
Focusing on clinical psychology
D
Incorporating Indian philosophical systems
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Concerned Subjects (Psychology)
Question 51Single Answer
Which Eastern system’s psychological insights were least emphasized in early Indian academic psychology?
A
Sufism
B
Buddhism
C
Bhagavad Gita
D
Integral Yoga
Question 52Single Answer
What psychological concept in the Bhagavad Gita relates to selfless action?
A
Bhakti Yoga
B
Karma Yoga
C
Jnana Yoga
D
Raja Yoga
Question 53Single Answer
In Buddhism, what is the psychological benefit of practicing Vipassana meditation?
A
Enhanced physical strength
B
Social popularity
C
Insight into the nature of reality
D
Material wealth
Question 54Single Answer
Which Sufi concept aligns with the psychological idea of self-transcendence?
A
Fana
B
Tawhid
C
Zikr
D
Barakah
Question 55Single Answer
What does Integral Yoga emphasize for psychological growth?
A
External achievements
B
Inner transformation
C
Social activism
D
Cognitive skills
Question 56Single Answer
Which institution played a key role in expanding psychology education in post-independence India?
A
Indian Institute of Science
B
University Grants Commission
C
National Institute of Mental Health
D
Indian Council of Social Science Research
Question 57Single Answer
What was a major critique of Indian psychology in the 1990s?
A
Overemphasis on indigenization
B
Lack of paradigmatic clarity
C
Excessive funding
D
Global recognition
Question 58Single Answer
Which Eastern system’s psychological principles were integrated into Indian psychology in the 2000s?
A
Yoga and Vedanta
B
Taoism
C
Confucianism
D
Zen Buddhism
Question 59Single Answer
What was a key challenge for postcolonial psychology in India?
A
Over-reliance on indigenous systems
B
Lack of academic institutions
C
Reconstructing disciplinary identity
D
Excessive global influence
Question 60Single Answer
Which psychological concept from the Bhagavad Gita emphasizes devotion as a path to mental peace?
A
Karma Yoga
B
Raja Yoga
C
Jnana Yoga
D
Bhakti Yoga
Question 61Single Answer
In Buddhism, what is the psychological role of the Eightfold Path?
A
Achieving social status
B
Guiding ethical and mental development
C
Promoting physical health
D
Ensuring material success
Question 62Single Answer
Which Sufi practice fosters psychological connection with the divine?
A
Salah
B
Fasting
C
Zikr
D
Charity
Question 63Single Answer
What does Integral Yoga view as essential for psychological evolution?
A
Social reforms
B
Academic achievements
C
Aspiration for divine consciousness
D
Physical fitness
Question 64Single Answer
What characterized the pre-independence era of Indian psychology?
A
Indigenous psychological theories
B
Western experimental approaches
C
Socially relevant research
D
Clinical psychology focus
Question 65Single Answer
Which decade saw Indian psychology focus on issues like caste and gender?
A
1960s
B
1970s
C
1980s
D
1990s
Question 66Single Answer
What was a key goal of the indigenization movement in Indian psychology?
A
Adopting global theories
B
Integrating Indian cultural concepts
C
Focusing on clinical therapy
D
Emphasizing neuroscience
Question 67Single Answer
Which issue was prominent in Indian psychology during the 1990s?
A
Excessive funding
B
Global dominance
C
Overemphasis on social issues
D
Disciplinary identity crisis
Question 68Single Answer
What marked the emergence of Indian psychology in academia during the 2000s?
A
Rejection of Western models
B
Focus on indigenous psychological frameworks
C
Emphasis on cognitive science
D
Clinical psychology dominance
Question 69Single Answer
How did the colonial encounter shape Indian psychology?
A
Imposed Western frameworks
B
Promoted indigenous systems
C
Focused on social issues
D
Encouraged spiritual practices
Question 70Single Answer
What is a key focus of postcolonial psychology in India?
A
Adopting Western models
B
Emphasizing neuroscience
C
Focusing on behaviorism
D
Reclaiming indigenous knowledge
Question 71Single Answer
Which Eastern system views the mind as a barrier to spiritual realization?
A
Bhagavad Gita
B
Sufism
C
Buddhism
D
Integral Yoga
Question 72Single Answer
What psychological concept in the Bhagavad Gita relates to intellectual discernment?
A
Karma Yoga
B
Bhakti Yoga
C
Raja Yoga
D
Jnana Yoga
Question 73Single Answer
In Buddhism, what is the psychological significance of Nirvana?
A
Material wealth
B
Social harmony
C
Liberation from suffering
D
Physical health
Question 74Single Answer
Which Sufi concept emphasizes unity with the divine for psychological transformation?
A
Fana
B
Tawhid
C
Zikr
D
Barakah
Question 75Single Answer
What does Integral Yoga emphasize as a psychological practice?
A
Social activism
B
Physical exercise
C
Cognitive therapy
D
Inner surrender to the divine
Question 76Single Answer
Which university was a pioneer in psychology education in post-independence India?
A
University of Bombay
B
University of Calcutta
C
University of Delhi
D
University of Madras
Question 77Single Answer
What was a key social issue addressed by Indian psychology in the 1970s?
A
Poverty and education
B
Technological advancements
C
Cognitive neuroscience
D
Clinical therapy
Question 78Single Answer
Which decade saw Indian psychology struggle with defining its disciplinary boundaries?
A
1970s
B
1990s
C
1980s
D
2000s
Question 79Single Answer
What was a key contribution of Indian psychology in the 2000s?
A
Global adoption of Western theories
B
Focus on clinical psychology
C
Development of indigenous psychological models
D
Emphasis on neuroscience
Question 80Single Answer
Which issue continues to challenge Indian psychology post-colonially?
A
Excessive indigenization
B
Global dominance
C
Overfunding of research
D
Lack of distinct disciplinary identity
Question 81Single Answer
Which Eastern system’s psychological teachings focus on mindfulness as a core practice?
A
Bhagavad Gita
B
Buddhism
C
Sufism
D
Integral Yoga
Question 82Single Answer
What does the Bhagavad Gita suggest for achieving psychological balance?
A
Detachment from outcomes
B
Material success
C
Social recognition
D
Physical fitness
Question 83Single Answer
In Buddhism, what is the psychological role of the concept of Karma?
A
Social hierarchy
B
Cause and effect of actions
C
Divine intervention
D
Material wealth
Question 84Single Answer
Which Sufi practice promotes psychological resilience through devotion?
A
Zikr
B
Salah
C
Fasting
D
Charity
Question 85Single Answer
What is the psychological focus of Integral Yoga’s concept of surrender?
A
Social reform
B
Physical health
C
Cognitive enhancement
D
Alignment with divine will
Question 86Single Answer
What was a key feature of psychology education in post-independence India?
A
Focus on indigenous systems
B
Rejection of Western models
C
Expansion of academic programs
D
Emphasis on clinical therapy
Question 87Single Answer
Which social issue was least addressed by Indian psychology in the 1970s?
A
Cognitive neuroscience
B
Education
C
Gender inequality
D
Poverty
Question 88Single Answer
What was a major goal of the indigenization movement in Indian psychology?
A
Adopting Western theories
B
Emphasizing global models
C
Focusing on clinical therapy
D
Incorporating Indian cultural contexts
Question 89Single Answer
Which decade saw Indian psychology address its disciplinary identity crisis?
A
1990s
B
1980s
C
1970s
D
2000s
Question 90Single Answer
What marked the 2000s in Indian psychology academia?
A
Rejection of indigenous systems
B
Focus on behaviorism
C
Emergence of Indian psychology
D
Emphasis on neuroscience
Question 91Single Answer
How did the colonial encounter affect Indian psychology’s development?
A
Imposed Western methodologies
B
Promoted indigenous research
C
Focused on social issues
D
Encouraged spiritual practices
Question 92Single Answer
Which Eastern system emphasizes psychological liberation through meditation?
A
Bhagavad Gita
B
Buddhism
C
Sufism
D
Integral Yoga
Question 93Single Answer
What psychological concept in the Bhagavad Gita promotes mental discipline?
A
Karma Yoga
B
Bhakti Yoga
C
Jnana Yoga
D
Raja Yoga
Question 94Single Answer
In Buddhism, what is the psychological significance of the Middle Path?
A
Balanced approach to life
B
Extreme asceticism
C
Material indulgence
D
Social isolation
Question 95Single Answer
Which Sufi concept fosters psychological unity with the divine?
A
Zikr
B
Fana
C
Tawhid
D
Barakah
Question 96Single Answer
What does Integral Yoga view as a key psychological practice?
A
Social activism
B
Cognitive therapy
C
Aspiration and surrender
D
Physical exercise
Question 97Single Answer
Which institution supported psychology research in post-independence India?
A
Indian Council of Social Science Research
B
Indian Institute of Science
C
National Institute of Technology
D
Indian Statistical Institute
Question 98Single Answer
What was a key challenge for Indian psychology in the 1990s?
A
Excessive funding
B
Global recognition
C
Overemphasis on social issues
D
Paradigmatic concerns
Question 99Single Answer
Which movement in Indian psychology emerged prominently in the 2000s?
A
Behaviorism
B
Psychoanalysis
C
Indian psychology
D
Cognitive neuroscience
Question 100Single Answer
Which ancient Greek philosopher emphasized the role of the soul in psychological processes?
A
Socrates
B
Aristotle
C
Plato
D
Epicurus
Question 101Single Answer
What concept did Aristotle introduce to explain psychological phenomena like perception and memory?
A
Associationism
B
Tabula rasa
C
Dualism
D
Rationalism
Question 102Single Answer
Which Greek philosopher’s idea of the "psyche" laid the foundation for Western psychological thought?
A
Plato
B
Socrates
C
Aristotle
D
Pythagoras
Question 103Single Answer
During the medieval period, who integrated Christian theology with psychological concepts?
A
Augustine
B
Thomas Aquinas
C
Descartes
D
Locke
Question 104Single Answer
What was a key psychological focus in the medieval period under Christian influence?
A
Free will and the soul
B
Empirical observation
C
Behaviorism
D
Cognitive processes
Question 105Single Answer
Which modern philosopher’s dualism influenced early Western psychology?
A
John Locke
B
Rene Descartes
C
Immanuel Kant
D
David Hume
Question 106Single Answer
What did Descartes propose as the interaction point between mind and body in psychological terms?
A
Cerebral cortex
B
Pineal gland
C
Spinal cord
D
Hypothalamus
Question 107Single Answer
Which school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, focused on analyzing the structure of consciousness?
A
Functionalism
B
Gestalt
C
Behaviorism
D
Structuralism
Question 108Single Answer
What method did Structuralism primarily use to study consciousness?
A
Observation
B
Introspection
C
Experimentation
D
Case studies
Question 109Single Answer
Who was a key figure in the development of Functionalism in psychology?
A
William James
B
Sigmund Freud
C
Wilhelm Wundt
D
Max Wertheimer
Question 110Single Answer
What was the primary focus of Functionalism in psychology?
A
Adaptive functions of behavior
B
Mental structures
C
Unconscious processes
D
Sensory perception
Question 111Single Answer
Which school of psychology emphasized unconscious drives and conflicts?
A
Structuralism
B
Gestalt
C
Psychoanalysis
D
Behaviorism
Question 112Single Answer
Who founded the Psychoanalytic school of psychology?
A
Carl Jung
B
Karen Horney
C
Alfred Adler
D
Sigmund Freud
Question 113Single Answer
What is a core concept in Freud’s psychoanalytic theory?
A
Stimulus-response
B
Cognitive schemas
C
Holistic perception
D
Unconscious mind
Question 114Single Answer
Which school of psychology focused on the whole being greater than the sum of its parts?
A
Gestalt
B
Functionalism
C
Structuralism
D
Behaviorism
Question 115Single Answer
Who was a prominent figure in Gestalt psychology?
A
Wilhelm Wundt
B
John Watson
C
William James
D
Max Wertheimer
Question 116Single Answer
What psychological phenomenon did Gestalt psychologists emphasize?
A
Conditioning
B
Perception and insight
C
Unconscious drives
D
Introspection
Question 117Single Answer
Which school of psychology rejected introspection and focused on observable behavior?
A
Structuralism
B
Humanistic
C
Psychoanalysis
D
Behaviorism
Question 118Single Answer
Who is considered the founder of Behaviorism?
A
B.F. Skinner
B
John Watson
C
Ivan Pavlov
D
Edward Thorndike
Question 119Single Answer
What is a key principle of Behaviorism?
A
Unconscious motivation
B
Self-actualization
C
Holistic perception
D
Stimulus-response associations
Question 120Single Answer
Which school of psychology emphasized personal growth and self-actualization?
A
Behaviorism
B
Psychoanalysis
C
Humanistic-Existential
D
Gestalt
Question 121Single Answer
Who was a leading figure in Humanistic psychology?
A
Sigmund Freud
B
B.F. Skinner
C
Abraham Maslow
D
Wilhelm Wundt
Question 122Single Answer
What is the core concept of Maslow’s Humanistic psychology?
A
Unconscious conflicts
B
Classical conditioning
C
Hierarchy of needs
D
Gestalt principles
Question 123Single Answer
Which psychological approach focuses on spiritual dimensions of human experience?
A
Behaviorism
B
Structuralism
C
Cognitive
D
Transpersonal
Question 124Single Answer
Who is associated with the development of Transpersonal psychology?
A
Carl Rogers
B
John Watson
C
Stanislav Grof
D
Wilhelm Dilthey
Question 125Single Answer
What marked the Cognitive revolution in psychology?
A
Emphasis on mental processes
B
Focus on observable behavior
C
Rejection of empirical methods
D
Unconscious drives
Question 126Single Answer
Which concept became central during the Cognitive revolution?
A
Information processing
B
Conditioning
C
Self-actualization
D
Gestalt perception
Question 127Single Answer
What does Multiculturalism in psychology emphasize?
A
Universal psychological principles
B
Cultural influences on behavior
C
Biological determinism
D
Unconscious drives
Question 128Single Answer
Who is considered one of the four founding figures of academic psychology for establishing the first psychology lab?
A
Sigmund Freud
B
William James
C
Wilhelm Wundt
D
Wilhelm Dilthey
Question 129Single Answer
Which founding figure of psychology emphasized the unconscious mind?
A
Wilhelm Wundt
B
Wilhelm Dilthey
C
William James
D
Sigmund Freud
Question 130Single Answer
Who among the founding figures focused on the stream of consciousness?
A
Wilhelm Wundt
B
Sigmund Freud
C
Wilhelm Dilthey
D
William James
Question 131Single Answer
Which founding figure emphasized interpretive and historical approaches in psychology?
A
Wilhelm Wundt
B
Sigmund Freud
C
Wilhelm Dilthey
D
William James
Question 132Single Answer
What method did Wilhelm Wundt primarily use in his psychological research?
A
Introspection
B
Case studies
C
Observation
D
Surveys
Question 133Single Answer
What was a key contribution of William James to psychology?
A
Psychoanalysis
B
Structuralism
C
Behaviorism
D
Functionalism
Question 134Single Answer
Which approach did Wilhelm Dilthey advocate for understanding human experience?
A
Experimental
B
Behavioral
C
Interpretive and hermeneutic
D
Cognitive
Question 135Single Answer
What caused a crisis in psychology during the 20th century?
A
Overemphasis on spiritual dimensions
B
Strict adherence to experimental-analytical paradigm
C
Lack of empirical methods
D
Excessive focus on multiculturalism
Question 136Single Answer
What is logical empiricism in the context of psychology’s crisis?
A
Focus on subjective experiences
B
Emphasis on observable and measurable data
C
Integration of spiritual principles
D
Rejection of scientific methods
Question 137Single Answer
Which school of psychology faced criticism for its rigid experimental approach?
A
Humanistic
B
Psychoanalysis
C
Behaviorism
D
Transpersonal
Question 138Single Answer
How did the crisis in psychology influence the rise of alternative approaches?
A
Encouraged Humanistic and Transpersonal psychology
B
Promoted Behaviorism
C
Strengthened Structuralism
D
Revived Psychoanalysis
Question 139Single Answer
Which Indic system influenced modern Transpersonal psychology?
A
Confucianism
B
Yoga and Vedanta
C
Taoism
D
Shintoism
Question 140Single Answer
How did the Bhagavad Gita influence modern Western psychology?
A
Through behaviorist principles
B
Via concepts of self-realization and mindfulness
C
By emphasizing conditioning
D
Through experimental methods
Question 141Single Answer
Which Indic concept aligns with the Humanistic focus on self-actualization?
A
Karma
B
Dharma
C
Samsara
D
Moksha
Question 142Single Answer
What aspect of Buddhism influenced the Cognitive revolution?
A
Ritual practices
B
Social hierarchy
C
Mindfulness and attention
D
Materialism
Question 143Single Answer
Which Western psychological school was most influenced by Indic meditation practices?
A
Transpersonal
B
Behaviorism
C
Structuralism
D
Functionalism
Question 144Single Answer
What is a key feature of Multiculturalism in modern psychology?
A
Ignoring cultural contexts
B
Emphasizing universal laws
C
Focusing on biological factors
D
Integrating diverse cultural perspectives
Question 145Single Answer
Which Greek philosopher’s idea of "know thyself" influenced psychological introspection?
A
Plato
B
Socrates
C
Aristotle
D
Epicurus
Question 146Single Answer
During the medieval period, what psychological concept was tied to religious salvation?
A
Conditioning
B
Free will
C
Perception
D
Memory
Question 147Single Answer
Which modern philosopher’s empiricism influenced psychological research methods?
A
Rene Descartes
B
John Locke
C
Immanuel Kant
D
David Hume
Question 148Single Answer
What was the primary criticism of Structuralism in psychology?
A
Overemphasis on behavior
B
Focus on unconscious drives
C
Subjectivity of introspection
D
Lack of empirical data
Question 149Single Answer
How did Functionalism differ from Structuralism?
A
Focused on mental structures
B
Rejected empirical methods
C
Emphasized adaptive functions
D
Prioritized unconscious processes
Question 150Single Answer
What is a core technique in Freud’s Psychoanalysis?
