The most specific biomarker for myocardial necrosis in ACS is?
ACK-MB
BHigh-sensitivity Troponin I or T
CMyoglobin
DTotal CK
Question 2Single Answer
The most specific biomarker for myocardial necrosis in ACS is?
AMyoglobin
BCK-MB
CHigh-sensitivity Troponin I or T
DTotal CK
Question 3Single Answer
In a patient with chest pain, normal troponin but dynamic ST depression indicates?
AUnstable Angina or NSTEMI
BSTEMI
CPericarditis
DEarly repolarization
Question 4Single Answer
Elevated troponin with no ST elevation is consistent with?
APrinzmetal angina
BSTEMI
CStable angina
DNSTEMI
Question 5Single Answer
The earliest ECG change in acute STEMI is usually?
AQ waves
BST elevation
CHyperacute tall T waves
DT inversion
Question 6Single Answer
Which biomarker rises first in ACS?
ACK-MB
BTroponin
CMyoglobin
DLDH
Question 7Single Answer
In STEMI, primary PCI is preferred over fibrinolysis when?
APatient age >75 years
BDoor-to-Needle time >60 min
CDoor-to-Balloon time can be achieved within 90–120 minutes
DAnterior MI only
Question 8Single Answer
New LBBB with concordant ST elevation is considered?
AUnstable angina
BNon-diagnostic
CNSTEMI
DSTEMI equivalent
Question 9Single Answer
The most common cause of ACS is?
AVasculitis
BCoronary spasm
CEmbolism
DAtherosclerotic plaque rupture with thrombosis
Question 10Single Answer
Which of the following is NOT a STEMI equivalent?
APosterior MI with ST depression in V1–V3
BIsolated ST elevation in aVR with widespread depression
CNew LBBB with concordant ST elevation
DDiffuse concave ST elevation in pericarditis
Question 11Single Answer
Troponin becomes detectable in high-sensitivity assay within?
A48 hours
B6–12 hours
C24 hours
D2–3 hours of symptom onset
Question 12Single Answer
In NSTEMI management, early invasive strategy is indicated in patients with?
AStable angina
BGRACE score >140 or dynamic ECG changes
CNegative troponin
DAge <40 years
Question 13Single Answer
The recommended loading dose of aspirin in ACS is?
A162–325 mg chewed
B75 mg
C500 mg IV
D150 mg oral
Question 14Single Answer
P2Y12 inhibitor of choice in primary PCI for STEMI is?
ACangrelor only
BClopidogrel only
CTicagrelor or Prasugrel (preferred over clopidogrel)
DTiclopidine
Question 15Single Answer
Which ECG finding suggests right ventricular infarction?
AST elevation in V1–V4
BST elevation in V3R–V4R
CST depression in V1–V3
DQ waves in II, III, aVF
Question 16Single Answer
In inferior STEMI with bradycardia and hypotension, suspect?
ALeft main occlusion
BRight ventricular involvement
CAnterior wall rupture
DVentricular septal defect
Question 17Single Answer
The most common arrhythmia in early STEMI is?
AVentricular fibrillation
BSinus bradycardia
CAtrial fibrillation
DComplete heart block
Question 18Single Answer
Which of the following is a relative contraindication to fibrinolysis?
AActive internal bleeding
BSystolic BP >180 mmHg despite treatment
CRecent ischemic stroke (within 3 months)
DKnown intracranial neoplasm
Question 19Single Answer
The preferred fibrinolytic agent in resource-limited setting is?
ATenecteplase
BAlteplase
CStreptokinase
DReteplase
Question 20Single Answer
Rescue PCI is indicated after fibrinolysis when?
ANormal troponin
BComplete resolution
CNo chest pain
D<50% ST resolution at 90 minutes
Question 21Single Answer
In NSTEMI, fondaparinux is preferred over?
AHeparin in all cases
BEnoxaparin in patients not undergoing PCI
CBivalirudin
DWarfarin
Question 22Single Answer
The GRACE score is used to predict?
ADoor-to-balloon time
BBleeding risk
CReperfusion success
DIn-hospital and 6-month mortality in ACS
Question 23Single Answer
Which biomarker is used for risk stratification in NSTEMI?
ACRP
BBNP
CD-dimer
DHigh-sensitivity Troponin
Question 24Single Answer
The TIMI risk score includes how many variables?
A7
B5
C10
D3
Question 25Single Answer
In STEMI, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor is recommended when?
ANo thrombus
BAll NSTEMI cases
CFibrinolysis only
DLarge thrombus burden during primary PCI
Question 26Single Answer
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to fibrinolysis?
AAge >75 years
BAny prior intracranial hemorrhage
CSystolic BP 160 mmHg
DDiabetes
Question 27Single Answer
Posterior MI is best diagnosed by?
AQ waves in inferior leads
BST elevation in V1–V4
CST depression in V1–V3 + tall R waves
DT inversion in lateral leads
Question 28Single Answer
The most common site of occlusion in STEMI is?
ALeft main
BRight coronary artery
CLeft circumflex
DLeft anterior descending artery
Question 29Single Answer
In ACS, dual antiplatelet therapy duration after drug-eluting stent is?
A6 months
B1 month
CAt least 12 months
DLifelong
Question 30Single Answer
Which antiplatelet is contraindicated in history of stroke/TIA?
APrasugrel
BTicagrelor
CClopidogrel
DAspirin
Question 31Single Answer
The preferred P2Y12 inhibitor in patients undergoing fibrinolysis is?
ATicagrelor
BClopidogrel
CPrasugrel
DCangrelor
Question 32Single Answer
Reperfusion arrhythmia commonly seen after successful thrombolysis is?
AAccelerated idioventricular rhythm
BVentricular tachycardia
CAtrial fibrillation
DSinus tachycardia
Question 33Single Answer
In STEMI with cardiogenic shock, the preferred strategy is?
AFibrinolysis
BImmediate PCI with possible mechanical support
CMedical management only
DCABG immediately
Question 34Single Answer
Killip class IV in STEMI indicates?
ACardiogenic shock
BPulmonary edema
CNo heart failure
DMild heart failure
Question 35Single Answer
The most common complication of anterior STEMI is?
APapillary muscle rupture
BRight ventricular infarction
CComplete heart block
DLeft ventricular failure
Question 36Single Answer
Inferior STEMI with AV block is usually due to occlusion of?
ALeft anterior descending
BRight coronary artery
CCircumflex
DLeft main
Question 37Single Answer
Wellens' syndrome is characterized by?
ADeeply inverted or biphasic T waves in V2–V3 with history of angina
BST elevation
CQ waves
DNew LBBB
Question 38Single Answer
Which troponin assay has higher sensitivity?
AHigh-sensitivity troponin
BConventional troponin
CCK-MB
DMyoglobin
Question 39Single Answer
The rise and fall pattern of troponin is diagnostic of?
AMyocarditis
BChronic stable angina
CAcute myocardial infarction
DPulmonary embolism
Question 40Single Answer
In women with ACS, ECG changes may be?
ANo changes
BAlways STEMI
CLess typical (more often NSTEMI)
DOnly T inversion
Question 41Single Answer
The recommended time for ECG in chest pain patient is?
AWithin 10 minutes of arrival
BWithin 30 minutes
CWithin 60 minutes
DNo time limit
Question 42Single Answer
Which ACS type has no troponin elevation?
ASTEMI
BNSTEMI
CUnstable angina
DPost-MI angina
Question 43Single Answer
The preferred initial anticoagulant in NSTEMI is?
AFondaparinux or enoxaparin
BWarfarin
CRivaroxaban
DDabigatran
Question 44Single Answer
Cangrelor is used in?
AFibrinolysis
BOral maintenance
CP2Y12 bridging during PCI in patients not preloaded
DChronic therapy
Question 45Single Answer
The most common cause of death in first 24 hours of STEMI is?
AAsystole
BCardiogenic shock
CVentricular fibrillation
DComplete heart block
Question 46Single Answer
Beta-blocker in STEMI is contraindicated in?
ASigns of heart failure, bradycardia, hypotension
BHypertension
CTachycardia
DAnterior MI
Question 47Single Answer
ACE inhibitor in STEMI is started?
AOnly in NSTEMI
BAfter discharge
CWithin 24 hours if no contraindication
DNever
Question 48Single Answer
The recommended loading dose of ticagrelor in ACS is?
A75 mg
B300 mg
C600 mg
D180 mg
Question 49Single Answer
Prasugrel loading dose is?
A300 mg
B180 mg
C60 mg
D75 mg
Question 50Single Answer
In STEMI patients >75 years, which P2Y12 inhibitor is preferred?
ATicagrelor only
BPrasugrel only
CClopidogrel or ticagrelor (prasugrel with caution)
DNo P2Y12
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Emergency Medicine
Question 51Single Answer
The Zwolle risk score is used for?
ABleeding risk
BRisk stratification for early discharge after primary PCI
CGRACE score alternative
DFibrinolysis success
Question 52Single Answer
Which of the following is a STEMI mimic?
ANew LBBB with concordant elevation
BTrue posterior MI
CAcute pericarditis
DRight ventricular strain
Question 53Single Answer
Hyperacute T waves are seen within?
AFirst 30 minutes of occlusion
B6 hours
C12 hours
D24 hours
Question 54Single Answer
Q waves appear in STEMI after?
A30 minutes
B1 hour
C6–14 hours
DImmediately
Question 55Single Answer
In NSTEMI, high-risk features include?
ANegative troponin
BRising troponin, dynamic ST changes, hemodynamic instability
CStable ECG
DAge <50 years
Question 56Single Answer
The recommended time for invasive strategy in high-risk NSTEMI is?
AWithin 72 hours
BWithin 24 hours
CWithin 2 hours
DElective
Question 57Single Answer
The preferred access site for primary PCI is?
ABrachial artery
BFemoral artery
CRadial artery
DNo preference
Question 58Single Answer
In STEMI, thrombus aspiration is?
AOnly in NSTEMI
BRoutine in all cases
CContraindicated
DNot routinely recommended (selective use only)
Question 59Single Answer
The drug of choice for ventricular fibrillation in ACS is?
AMagnesium
BAmiodarone
CLidocaine
DDefibrillation
Question 60Single Answer
Post-MI pericarditis usually occurs?
A2–4 days after MI
BImmediately
CAfter 1 month
DBefore MI
Question 61Single Answer
Dressler syndrome is?
APleural effusion
BEarly pericarditis
CLate post-MI pericarditis (autoimmune)
DPulmonary embolism
Question 62Single Answer
Papillary muscle rupture causes?
AFree wall rupture
BVSD
CAcute severe mitral regurgitation
DAneurysm
Question 63Single Answer
Ventricular septal rupture is most common after?
AInferior MI
BAnterior MI
CLateral MI
DPosterior MI
Question 64Single Answer
Free wall rupture usually occurs?
AAfter 2 weeks
BWithin first 5 days
CImmediately
DAfter 1 month
Question 65Single Answer
The most common cause of death in STEMI after hospital discharge is?
AHeart failure
BRe-infarction and sudden death
CStroke
DBleeding
Question 66Single Answer
Statin therapy in ACS should be?
ALow dose
BHigh-intensity statin (atorvastatin 40–80 mg)
CNo statin
DOnly in NSTEMI
Question 67Single Answer
The recommended time for echocardiography in STEMI is?
AImmediately
BWithin 24–48 hours to assess LV function
CAfter discharge
DNot required
Question 68Single Answer
Which of the following is a high-risk feature in NSTEMI warranting urgent angiography?