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Latest OPSC Assistant Professor Microbiology Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : Microbiology

Question Bank OPSC Assistant Professor (Microbiology) Exam - English
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Microbiology

Question 1Single Answer
What is the complete elimination or destruction of all forms of microbial life, including spores, called?
  1. ADisinfection
  2. BAntisepsis
  3. CSterilization
  4. DSanitization
Question 2Single Answer
Which of the following sterilization methods uses moist heat under pressure?
  1. ADry heat sterilization
  2. BFiltration
  3. CAutoclaving
  4. DRadiation
Question 3Single Answer
What is the standard temperature and pressure used in an autoclave for sterilization?
  1. A100°C at 10 psi for 15 minutes
  2. B121°C at 15 psi for 15-20 minutes
  3. C134°C at 20 psi for 5-10 minutes
  4. D160°C for 2 hours
Question 4Single Answer
Which sterilization method is suitable for heat-labile materials like some plastics and pharmaceuticals?
  1. AAutoclaving
  2. BDry heat sterilization
  3. CFiltration
  4. DIncineration
Question 5Single Answer
Which type of radiation is commonly used for sterilizing medical devices and pharmaceuticals?
  1. AUltraviolet (UV) radiation
  2. BInfrared (IR) radiation
  3. CGamma radiation
  4. DMicrowave radiation
Question 6Single Answer
What is the primary mechanism of action of dry heat sterilization?
  1. ACoagulation of proteins
  2. BOxidation
  3. CDisruption of cell membranes
  4. DDamage to nucleic acids
Question 7Single Answer
What is the term for the reduction or elimination of pathogenic microorganisms to a level where they are no longer hazardous?
  1. ASterilization
  2. BDisinfection
  3. CAntisepsis
  4. DSanitization
Question 8Single Answer
Which of the following is a high-level disinfectant that can achieve sterilization with prolonged exposure?
  1. AEthanol (70%)
  2. BHydrogen peroxide (3%)
  3. CGlutaraldehyde (2%)
  4. DQuaternary ammonium compounds
Question 9Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of a halogen used as a disinfectant?
  1. AFormaldehyde
  2. BPhenol
  3. CIodine
  4. DChlorhexidine
Question 10Single Answer
What is the mechanism of action of alcohol-based disinfectants?
  1. AOxidation
  2. BAlkylation
  3. CProtein denaturation and lipid dissolution
  4. DIntercalation into DNA
Question 11Single Answer
Which of the following factors can influence the effectiveness of a disinfectant?
  1. AConcentration of the disinfectant
  2. BContact time
  3. CPresence of organic matter
  4. DAll of the above
Question 12Single Answer
What is antisepsis?
  1. AThe process of making an object safe for public use
  2. BThe destruction of microorganisms on living tissue
  3. CThe removal of transient microorganisms from the skin by mechanical cleaning
  4. DThe complete elimination of all microorganisms from an inanimate object
Question 13Single Answer
Which of the following is commonly used as an antiseptic on skin?
  1. ABleach
  2. BFormaldehyde
  3. CChlorhexidine
  4. DGlutaraldehyde
Question 14Single Answer
What is sanitization?
  1. AThe process of sterilization
  2. BThe reduction of the microbial load on an inanimate surface to a safe public health level
  3. CThe killing of all pathogenic microorganisms
  4. DThe inhibition of bacterial growth
Question 15Single Answer
What is lyophilization?
  1. AHeating a substance to very high temperatures to kill microorganisms
  2. BFreezing a substance and then removing the ice by sublimation under vacuum
  3. CTreating a substance with chemical disinfectants
  4. DFiltering a liquid to remove microorganisms
Question 16Single Answer
What is the primary purpose of lyophilization in microbiology?
  1. ATo increase the size of microorganisms for easier observation
  2. BTo preserve microorganisms for long-term storage
  3. CTo enhance the virulence of microorganisms
  4. DTo inactivate microorganisms completely
Question 17Single Answer
Which of the following types of microorganisms is most resistant to sterilization procedures?
  1. AVegetative bacteria
  2. BFungal spores
  3. CBacterial endospores
  4. DEnveloped viruses
Question 18Single Answer
Which chemical agent is commonly used for sterilizing heat-sensitive medical equipment in hospitals?
  1. AEthanol
  2. BFormaldehyde gas
  3. CPhenol
  4. DHydrogen peroxide (3%)
Question 19Single Answer
What is the purpose of biological indicators in sterilization monitoring?
  1. ATo measure the temperature and pressure reached during the sterilization cycle
  2. BTo detect the presence of chemical residues after sterilization
  3. CTo confirm that the sterilization process has killed highly resistant microorganisms, typically bacterial spores
  4. DTo assess the cleanliness of the sterilized items
Question 20Single Answer
What is the basic structural unit of bacteria?
  1. AHypha
  2. BSpore
  3. CCell
  4. DVirus
Question 21Single Answer
Bacteria with a spherical shape are called:
  1. ABacilli
  2. BCocci
  3. CSpirilla
  4. DVibrio
Question 22Single Answer
Bacteria with a rod-like shape are called:
  1. ACocci
  2. BSpirilla
  3. CBacilli
  4. DVibrio
Question 23Single Answer
Bacteria with a spiral or helical shape are called:
  1. ACocci
  2. BBacilli
  3. CSpirilla
  4. DVibrio
Question 24Single Answer
Bacteria with a comma-like or curved rod shape are called:
  1. ACocci
  2. BBacilli
  3. CSpirilla
  4. DVibrio
Question 25Single Answer
What term describes cocci arranged in chains?
  1. AStaphylococci
  2. BStreptococci
  3. CDiplococci
  4. DTetrads
Question 26Single Answer
What term describes cocci arranged in grape-like clusters?
  1. AStreptococci
  2. BDiplococci
  3. CTetrads
  4. DStaphylococci
Question 27Single Answer
What term describes cocci arranged in pairs?
  1. AStreptococci
  2. BStaphylococci
  3. CDiplococci
  4. DSarcinae
Question 28Single Answer
What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?
  1. AEnergy production
  2. BProtein synthesis
  3. CMaintaining cell shape and protecting against osmotic lysis
  4. DGenetic material storage
Question 29Single Answer
What is the major component of the bacterial cell wall in most bacteria?
  1. ACellulose
  2. BChitin
  3. CPeptidoglycan
  4. DLipopolysaccharide
Question 30Single Answer
Which of the following bacterial structures is responsible for motility in many species?
  1. ACapsule
  2. BCell wall
  3. CFlagella
  4. DPili
Question 31Single Answer
What are pili (fimbriae) primarily involved in?
  1. AMotility
  2. BAdherence to surfaces
  3. CGenetic material transfer
  4. DSpore formation
Question 32Single Answer
What is the glycocalyx, and what are its two main forms?
  1. AThe outer layer of the bacterial cell wall; peptidoglycan and teichoic acid
  2. BA layer of polysaccharide and/or protein surrounding the cell; capsule and slime layer
  3. CThe bacterial cytoplasmic membrane; phospholipids and proteins
  4. DInternal storage granules; glycogen and polyphosphate
Question 33Single Answer
What is the primary function of a bacterial capsule?
  1. AProviding rigidity to the cell
  2. BFacilitating nutrient uptake
  3. CProtection from phagocytosis
  4. DAiding in reproduction
Question 34Single Answer
Where is the genetic material of a bacterium primarily located?
  1. ANucleus
  2. BMitochondria
  3. CNucleoid
  4. DEndoplasmic reticulum
Question 35Single Answer
What are plasmids?
  1. AEssential components of the bacterial chromosome
  2. BSmall, circular, extrachromosomal DNA molecules
  3. CStorage granules within the cytoplasm
  4. DProtein filaments involved in cell division
Question 36Single Answer
Which bacterial genera are well-known for their ability to form endospores?
  1. AStreptococcus and Staphylococcus
  2. BEscherichia and Salmonella
  3. CBacillus and Clostridium
  4. DNeisseria and Haemophilus
Question 37Single Answer
What is the process by which a vegetative bacterium transforms into an endospore called?
  1. AGermination
  2. BSporulation
  3. CBinary fission
  4. DConjugation
Question 38Single Answer
What is the process by which an endospore returns to its metabolically active vegetative state called?
  1. ASporulation
  2. BBinary fission
  3. CGermination
  4. DTransformation
Question 39Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of archaea that distinguishes them from bacteria?
  1. APresence of peptidoglycan in the cell wall
  2. BMembrane lipids with ester linkages
  3. CAbility to form endospores
  4. DPresence of introns in some genes
Question 40Single Answer
What is the basic structural unit of fungi?
  1. APseudopods
  2. BHyphae
  3. CCilia
  4. DFlagella
Question 41Single Answer
A mass of intertwined hyphae is called a:
  1. ASpore
  2. BMycelium
  3. CBud
  4. DPseudohyphae
Question 42Single Answer
Which of the following is a unicellular fungus?
  1. AMold
  2. BMushroom
  3. CYeast
  4. DDermatophyte
Question 43Single Answer
What is the primary mode of reproduction for most bacteria?
  1. ASexual reproduction
  2. BBudding
  3. CBinary fission
  4. DSpore formation
Question 44Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic feature of viruses?
  1. AThey are prokaryotic cells
  2. BThey contain both DNA and RNA
  3. CThey are obligate intracellular parasites
  4. DThey reproduce by binary fission
Question 45Single Answer
What is the protein coat surrounding the genetic material of a virus called?
  1. AEnvelope
  2. BCapsid
  3. CTegument
  4. DMatrix
Question 46Single Answer
What is the outermost layer of some viruses, derived from the host cell membrane, called?
  1. ACapsid
  2. BNucleocapsid
  3. CEnvelope
  4. DGenome
Question 47Single Answer
What are protozoa?
  1. AAcellular infectious agents
  2. BUnicellular eukaryotic microorganisms
  3. CMulticellular prokaryotic organisms
  4. DFilamentous fungi
Question 48Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic feature used to classify protozoa?
  1. ACell wall composition
  2. BPresence of peptidoglycan
  3. CMode of locomotion
  4. DAbility to form endospores
Question 49Single Answer
What are the four main groups of protozoa based on their motility?
  1. ACocci, bacilli, spirilla, vibrio
  2. BGram-positive, Gram-negative, acid-fast, Gram-variable
  3. CFlagellates, amoebae, ciliates, sporozoans
  4. DYeasts, molds, mushrooms, dermatophytes
Question 50Single Answer
What are algae?
  1. AUnicellular prokaryotes
  2. BMulticellular fungi
  3. CPhotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms
  4. DNon-motile protozoa
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