The normal volume of amniotic fluid at term is approximately:
A100 mL
B500 mL
C1000 mL
D2000 mL
Question 10Single Answer
Oligohydramnios is defined as:
AExcess amniotic fluid
BDecreased amniotic fluid
CNormal amniotic fluid volume
DAmniotic fluid with meconium
Question 11Single Answer
Polyhydramnios is defined as:
AExcess amniotic fluid
BDecreased amniotic fluid
CNormal amniotic fluid volume
DAmniotic fluid with blood
Question 12Single Answer
The function of amniotic fluid includes:
AFetal temperature regulation
BFetal lung development
CFetal protection from trauma
DAll of The above
Question 13Single Answer
The syncytiotrophoblast is responsible for:
AFetal blood cell production
BHormone production (hCG, estrogen, progesterone)
CUmbilical cord formation
DAmniotic fluid regulation
Question 14Single Answer
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by:
AThe amnion
BThe syncytiotrophoblast
CThe decidua
DThe umbilical cord
Question 15Single Answer
The function of hCG is to:
AStimulate uterine contractions
BMaintain The corpus luteum
CPromote fetal lung maturity
DRegulate amniotic fluid volume
Question 16Single Answer
The fetal side of The placenta is covered by:
ADecidua basalis
BChorionic plate
CAmniotic membrane
DDecidua capsularis
Question 17Single Answer
The maternal side of The placenta is divided into:
AChorionic villi
BCotyledons
CAmniotic bands
DUmbilical vessels
Question 18Single Answer
The umbilical vein carries:
ADeoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
BOxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
CMixed arterial and venous blood
DOnly fetal urine
Question 19Single Answer
The umbilical arteries carry:
AOxygenated blood from placenta to fetus
BDeoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
COnly fetal urine
DMixed arterial and venous blood
Question 20Single Answer
The process of gas exchange in The placenta occurs via:
AActive transport
BSimple diffusion
CFacilitated diffusion
DOsmosis
Question 21Single Answer
The fetal hemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen than maternal hemoglobin due to:
ABohr effect
BHaldane effect
CPresence of hemoglobin F
DLower pH in fetal blood
Question 22Single Answer
A single umbilical artery is associated with:
ANormal fetal development
BIncreased risk of fetal anomalies
CTwin pregnancies
DPolyhydramnios
Question 23Single Answer
The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio is used to assess:
AFetal kidney function
BFetal lung maturity
CPlacental function
DFetal heart rate
Question 24Single Answer
The presence of meconium in amniotic fluid indicates:
ANormal fetal well-being
BFetal distress
CPolyhydramnios
DOligohydramnios
Question 25Single Answer
The process of placental separation after delivery is facilitated by:
AUterine contractions
BAmniotic fluid release
CFetal movements
DMaternal breathing
Question 26Single Answer
The primary source of progesterone during The first trimester is:
AThe placenta
BThe corpus luteum
CThe fetal adrenal glands
DThe fetal liver
Question 27Single Answer
The primary source of progesterone during The second and third trimesters is:
AThe corpus luteum
BThe placenta
CThe fetal adrenal glands
DThe fetal liver
Question 28Single Answer
Estriol is primarily synthesized by:
AThe maternal ovaries
BThe fetal adrenal glands and placenta
CThe fetal liver
DThe maternal kidneys
Question 29Single Answer
The function of estriol is to:
AMaintain The corpus luteum
BStimulate uterine contractions
CPromote uterine blood flow and fetal growth
DRegulate amniotic fluid volume
Question 30Single Answer
The nitabuch's layer is:
AThe junction between The decidua basalis and The syncytiotrophoblast
BA layer of The amniotic membrane
CA layer of Wharton's jelly
DA layer of The fetal skin
Question 31Single Answer
The fibrinoid layer in The placenta functions to:
APromote nutrient transfer
BPrevent maternal immune rejection of The fetus
CStimulate uterine contractions
DRegulate fetal temperature
Question 32Single Answer
The process of angiogenesis in The placenta is stimulated by:
AhCG
BVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
CProgesterone
DEstriol
Question 33Single Answer
The transfer of IgG antibodies across The placenta occurs via:
ASimple diffusion
BActive transport
CFacilitated diffusion
DPinocytosis
Question 34Single Answer
The presence of amniotic bands can lead to:
ANormal fetal development
BFetal limb deformities or amputations
CPolyhydramnios
DOligohydramnios
Question 35Single Answer
The Kleihauer-Betke test is used to detect:
AFetal lung maturity
BFetal kidney function
CFetal red blood cells in maternal circulation
DFetal heart rate abnormalities
Question 36Single Answer
The primary function of The amniotic membrane is to:
AProduce hormones
BProvide a protective barrier and contribute to amniotic fluid dynamics
CFacilitate gas exchange
DProduce fetal blood cells
Question 37Single Answer
The process of fetal swallowing contributes to:
AAmniotic fluid production
BAmniotic fluid regulation
CFetal lung development
DFetal urine production
Question 38Single Answer
The onset of puberty is initiated by The release of:
AGonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
BFollicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
CLuteinizing hormone (LH)
DEstrogen
Question 39Single Answer
The first menstrual period is called:
AMenarche
BMenopause
COvulation
DMenstruation
Question 40Single Answer
The average age of menarche in India is:
A10-12 years
B12-14 years
C14-16 years
D16-18 years
Question 41Single Answer
Thelarche refers to:
AOnset of menstruation
BBreast development
CPubic hair growth
DOvulation
Question 42Single Answer
Adrenarche refers to:
AThelarche
BMenarche
CPubic hair growth and body odor due to adrenal androgens
DOvulation
Question 43Single Answer
The main hormone responsible for pubertal growth spurt is:
AEstrogen
BProgesterone
CGrowth hormone
DTestosterone
Question 44Single Answer
The average length of a menstrual cycle is:
A14 days
B21 days
C28 days
D35 days
Question 45Single Answer
The proliferative phase of The menstrual cycle is dominated by:
AEstrogen
BProgesterone
CLH
DFSH
Question 46Single Answer
The secretory phase of The menstrual cycle is dominated by:
AEstrogen
BProgesterone
CLH
DFSH
Question 47Single Answer
Ovulation is triggered by a surge in:
AFSH
BLH
CEstrogen
DProgesterone
Question 48Single Answer
The corpus luteum secretes:
AEstrogen only
BProgesterone only
CBoth estrogen and progesterone
DFSH and LH
Question 49Single Answer
Fertilization usually occurs in the:
AOvary
BUterus
CCervix
DFallopian tube
Question 50Single Answer
The fertilized egg is called a:
AZygote
BMorula
CBlastocyst
DEmbryo
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Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Question 51Single Answer
Implantation of The blastocyst occurs around:
ADay 1 after fertilization
BDay 7 after fertilization
CDay 14 after fertilization
DDay 28 after fertilization
Question 52Single Answer
The climacteric is characterized by:
ARegular menstrual cycles
BIncreased fertility
CTransition to menopause
DOnset of puberty
Question 53Single Answer
Menopause is defined as:
AThe first menstrual period
BCessation of menstruation for 12 consecutive months
CIrregular menstrual cycles
DOvulation
Question 54Single Answer
The average age of menopause in India is:
A35-40 years
B45-50 years
C50-55 years
D55-60 years
Question 55Single Answer
A common symptom of menopause is:
AHot flashes
BIncreased vaginal lubrication
CRegular menstrual cycles
DIncreased fertility
Question 56Single Answer
Which hormone is deficient in menopause?
AEstrogen
BProgesterone
CTestosterone
DAll of The above
Question 57Single Answer
Which of The following is a long-term consequence of estrogen deficiency?
AOsteoporosis
BCardiovascular disease
CUrogenital atrophy
DAll of The above
Question 58Single Answer
During adolescence, increased levels of estrogen lead to:
ADecreased bone density
BIncreased fat deposition
CDecreased breast development
DIncreased muscle mass
Question 59Single Answer
The hypothalamus secretes GnRH in a:
AContinuous manner
BPulsatile manner
COnly during ovulation
DOnly during menstruation
Question 60Single Answer
The luteal phase defect is characterized by:
AInadequate progesterone production
BExcess estrogen production
CAbsence of ovulation
DEarly menopause
Question 61Single Answer
The zona pellucida surrounds the:
ASperm
BOocyte
CZygote
DEndometrium
Question 62Single Answer
The acrosome reaction is necessary for:
ASperm motility
BSperm penetration of The oocyte
COvulation
DImplantation
Question 63Single Answer
The hormone responsible for The rise in basal body temperature after ovulation is:
AEstrogen
BProgesterone
CLH
DFSH
Question 64Single Answer
Which hormone is responsible for milk production?
AProlactin
BOxytocin
CEstrogen
DProgesterone
Question 65Single Answer
The most common cause of secondary amenorrhea is:
APregnancy
BPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
CPremature ovarian failure
DHypothyroidism
Question 66Single Answer
The main source of estrogen in postmenopausal women is:
AOvaries
BAdrenal glands
CPeripheral conversion of androgens
DPituitary gland
Question 67Single Answer
Which of The following is NOT a physiological change during puberty?
AIncreased sebum production
BIncreased bone density
CDevelopment of secondary sexual characteristics
DAccelerated growth
Question 68Single Answer
Which hormone is primarily responsible for The endometrial changes during The menstrual cycle?
AFSH
BLH
CProgesterone
DInhibin
Question 69Single Answer
The process of oogenesis begins:
AAt puberty
BDuring fetal life
CAt menarche
DAt menopause
Question 70Single Answer
The hormone responsible for The mid-cycle LH surge is:
AProgesterone
BEstrogen
CInhibin
DActivin
Question 71Single Answer
Which of The following is NOT a function of The corpus luteum?
ASecreting progesterone
BSecreting estrogen
CSecreting hCG
DMaintaining The endometrium for implantation
Question 72Single Answer
Which of The following is a characteristic feature of The climacteric?
ARegular menstrual cycles
BIncreased fertility
CDecreased ovarian function
DIncreased estrogen levels
Question 73Single Answer
Which of The following is NOT a common symptom of menopause?
AVaginal dryness
BMood swings
CIncreased libido
DSleep disturbances
Question 74Single Answer
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used to:
ATreat symptoms of menopause
BPrevent pregnancy
CInduce ovulation
DTreat endometriosis
Question 75Single Answer
Which of The following is a contraindication to HRT?
AHistory of breast cancer
BHistory of endometrial cancer
CHistory of deep vein thrombosis
DAll of The above
Question 76Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential benefit of HRT?
AReduced risk of osteoporosis
BReduced risk of cardiovascular disease (in some women)
CImproved menopausal symptoms
DAll of The above
Question 77Single Answer
Which of The following structures develops from The ectoderm?
ANervous system
BMusculoskeletal system
CCardiovascular system
DGastrointestinal tract
Question 78Single Answer
The fetal skull is divided into how many regions?
A2
B3
C4
D5
Question 79Single Answer
Which part of The fetal skull is compressible during labor?
ABase
BVault
CMandible
DTemporal bone
Question 80Single Answer
Which of The following is The largest fontanelle in The fetal skull?
AAnterior fontanelle
BPosterior fontanelle
CMastoid fontanelle
DSphenoidal fontanelle
Question 81Single Answer
The fetal spine develops from Which of The following structures?
AMesoderm
BEctoderm
CEndoderm
DNeural crest cells
Question 82Single Answer
Which fetal bone ossifies first?
AClavicle
BFemur
CTibia
DHumerus
Question 83Single Answer
The fetal kidneys begin to function at approximately:
A4 weeks
B8 weeks
C12 weeks
D16 weeks
Question 84Single Answer
At what gestational age does The fetal heart begin to beat?
A2 weeks
B4 weeks
C6 weeks
D8 weeks
Question 85Single Answer
The fetal liver plays a major role in:
ADigestion
BHematopoiesis
CBile excretion
DLipid metabolism
Question 86Single Answer
The fetal lungs become structurally mature by Which gestational week?
A24 weeks
B28 weeks
C32 weeks
D36 weeks
Question 87Single Answer
Fetal growth is most rapid during Which trimester?
AFirst
BSecond
CThird
DEqually in all trimesters
Question 88Single Answer
Crown-rump length (CRL) is most accurate for estimating gestational age up to:
A10 weeks
B12 weeks
C14 weeks
D20 weeks
Question 89Single Answer
Which of The following best defines intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?
ABirth weight < 10th percentile for gestational age
BBirth weight < 2.5 kg
CBirth weight > 90th percentile
DBirth weight > 3.5 kg
Question 90Single Answer
Which hormone plays a major role in fetal growth?
AEstrogen
BProgesterone
CInsulin-like growth factor (IGF)
DCortisol
Question 91Single Answer
Fetal weight doubles between Which weeks of gestation?
A10-15 weeks
B20-24 weeks
C24-28 weeks
D32-36 weeks
Question 92Single Answer
At what gestational age does The fetus start producing surfactant?
A20 weeks
B24 weeks
C28 weeks
D32 weeks
Question 93Single Answer
The primary source of amniotic fluid in The second trimester is:
APlacenta
BFetal skin
CFetal kidneys
DAmniotic membrane
Question 94Single Answer
Which of The following is NOT a marker of fetal lung maturity?
ALecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
BPhosphatidylglycerol (PG)
CSurfactant/albumin ratio
DFetal scalp pH
Question 95Single Answer
Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) has a higher affinity for oxygen due to:
ALow 2,3-DPG binding
BHigh levels of adult hemoglobin
CIncreased bicarbonate
DDecreased erythropoiesis
Question 96Single Answer
Which of The following is The primary source of fetal energy?
AFatty acids
BProteins
CGlucose
DKetone bodies
Question 97Single Answer
The major site of fetal erythropoiesis before 12 weeks is:
ABone marrow
BLiver
CSpleen
DYolk sac
Question 98Single Answer
Which organ is responsible for producing amniotic fluid before The fetal kidneys become functional?
APlacenta
BLiver
CAmniotic membrane
DLungs
Question 99Single Answer
The main shunt that bypasses The fetal liver is:
ADuctus arteriosus
BForamen ovale
CDuctus venosus
DUmbilical artery
Question 100Single Answer
The foramen ovale shunts blood from:
ARight atrium to left atrium
BLeft atrium to right atrium
CRight ventricle to pulmonary artery
DAorta to pulmonary artery
Question 101Single Answer
Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from The placenta to The fetus?
AUmbilical vein
BUmbilical artery
CDuctus arteriosus
DInferior vena cava
Question 102Single Answer
Which fetal structure closes functionally within The first hours after birth?
ADuctus venosus
BForamen ovale
CDuctus arteriosus
DUmbilical vein
Question 103Single Answer
Which fetal shunt is maintained by prostaglandins and closes after birth?
ADuctus arteriosus
BDuctus venosus
CForamen ovale
DUmbilical artery
Question 104Single Answer
At what week of gestation does The fetal heart become fully developed structurally?
A4 weeks
B8 weeks
C12 weeks
D16 weeks
Question 105Single Answer
Which of The following is The earliest detectable movement of The fetus?
AQuickening
BStartle reflex
CYawning
DBreathing movements
Question 106Single Answer
What is The primary determinant of fetal lung maturity?
ASurfactant production
BAmniotic fluid volume
CUteroplacental blood flow
DFetal breathing movements
Question 107Single Answer
Which helps in fetal thermoregulation after birth?
AFirst
BSecond
CThird
DIt does not develop in utero
Question 108Single Answer
Which organ is The first to develop in The fetus?
ABrain
BHeart
CLungs
DLiver
Question 109Single Answer
Which fetal organ is responsible for glycogen storage to support neonatal metabolism?
ALiver
BLungs
CPancreas
DSpleen
Question 110Single Answer
Which fetal structure is responsible for producing erythropoietin in later stages of development?
AYolk sac
BBone marrow
CLiver
DSpleen
Question 111Single Answer
Which hormone is responsible for fetal lung maturation?
AEstrogen
BCortisol
CProgesterone
DProlactin
Question 112Single Answer
Which fetal vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to The placenta?
AUmbilical vein
BUmbilical artery
CDuctus venosus
DInferior vena cava
Question 113Single Answer
The ductus arteriosus connects Which two fetal structures?
AAorta and pulmonary artery
BRight atrium and left atrium
CLeft atrium and left ventricle
DUmbilical vein and inferior vena cava
Question 114Single Answer
What is The oxygen saturation (%) of umbilical vein blood?
A30%
B50%
C80%
D100%
Question 115Single Answer
After birth, Which fetal circulation structure closes LAST?
ADuctus arteriosus
BForamen ovale
CDuctus venosus
DUmbilical artery
Question 116Single Answer
The primary goal of antenatal care is to:
ATreat existing medical conditions
BPromote and maintain maternal and fetal health
CPrepare for surgical interventions
DInduce labor prematurely
Question 117Single Answer
The first antenatal visit should ideally occur:
AAfter 20 weeks of gestation
BAs soon as pregnancy is suspected or confirmed
CDuring The second trimester
DOnly during The third trimester
Question 118Single Answer
The frequency of antenatal visits in a low-risk pregnancy is:
AMonthly until 28 weeks, then fortnightly until 36 weeks, then weekly until delivery
BWeekly throughout The pregnancy
CMonthly throughout The pregnancy
DOnly during The third trimester
Question 119Single Answer
Which of The following is a component of The initial antenatal visit?
ADetailed obstetric history
BPhysical examination
CLaboratory investigations
DAll of The above
Question 120Single Answer
The Naegele's rule is used to calculate:
AGestational age
BEstimated date of delivery (EDD)
CFetal weight
DMaternal blood pressure
Question 121Single Answer
Naegele's rule involves adding how many days to The first day of The last menstrual period (LMP)?
A7 days
B14 days
C21 days
D28 days
Question 122Single Answer
Which of The following is a routine laboratory investigation during The first antenatal visit?
AComplete blood count (CBC)
BBlood group and Rh typing
CUrine analysis
DAll of The above
Question 123Single Answer
Which of The following is recommended for iron supplementation during pregnancy?
A30 mg elemental iron daily
B60 mg elemental iron daily
C100 mg elemental iron daily
DOnly if anemic
Question 124Single Answer
Which of The following is recommended for folic acid supplementation during pregnancy?
A400 mcg daily
B800 mcg daily
C1 mg daily
D5 mg daily
Question 125Single Answer
Which vaccine is recommended during pregnancy?
AMeasles, mumps, rubella (MMR)
BTetanus toxoid (Tdap)
CVaricella
DLive attenuated influenza vaccine
Question 126Single Answer
The recommended timing for Tdap vaccination during pregnancy is:
AAny time during pregnancy
BBetween 27 and 36 weeks of gestation
COnly during The first trimester
DOnly during labor
Question 127Single Answer
Which of The following is a sign of pre-eclampsia?
AHypotension
BProteinuria
CDecreased fetal movement
DDecreased urine output
Question 128Single Answer
Which of The following is a sign of severe pre-eclampsia?
AVisual disturbances
BSevere headache
CRight upper quadrant pain
DAll of The above
Question 129Single Answer
Which of The following is a risk factor for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
AHistory of GDM in a previous pregnancy
BObesity
CFamily history of diabetes
DAll of The above
Question 130Single Answer
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for GDM screening is typically performed at:
A6-10 weeks of gestation
B16-20 weeks of gestation
C24-28 weeks of gestation
D36-40 weeks of gestation
Question 131Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended dietary modification during pregnancy?
AIncreased intake of processed foods
BIncreased intake of raw fish
CIncreased intake of fruits and vegetables
DDecreased fluid intake
Question 132Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended exercise during pregnancy?
AContact sports
BHigh-impact aerobics
CSwimming and walking
DScuba diving
Question 133Single Answer
Which of The following is a warning sign during pregnancy that requires immediate medical attention?
AMild nausea
BSevere abdominal pain
CMild constipation
DMild fatigue
Question 134Single Answer
The Leopold maneuvers are used to determine:
AFetal heart rate
BFetal position and presentation
CCervical dilatation
DMaternal blood pressure
Question 135Single Answer
The normal fetal heart rate range is:
A60-100 bpm
B100-120 bpm
C110-160 bpm
D160-200 bpm
Question 136Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended screening test for chromosomal abnormalities during The first trimester?
AMaternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
BTriple screen
CCombined first trimester screening (nuchal translucency and serum markers)
DQuadruple screen
Question 137Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended screening test for neural tube defects during The second trimester?
ACombined first trimester screening
BMaternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP)
COGTT
DUrine analysis
Question 138Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended screening test for Down syndrome during The second trimester?
AMSAFP
BTriple or quadruple screen
COGTT
DUrine analysis
Question 139Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended ultrasound examination during The second trimester?
ADating scan
BAnomaly scan
CFetal biometry
DBoth b and c
Question 140Single Answer
The anomaly scan is typically performed at:
A6-10 weeks of gestation
B11-14 weeks of gestation
C18-22 weeks of gestation
D36-40 weeks of gestation
Question 141Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy?
AIron supplementation
BBlood transfusion
CDietary modification
DAll of The above
Question 142Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)?
ADietary modification
BInsulin therapy
CExercise
DMetformin therapy
Question 143Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for pre-eclampsia?
AAntihypertensive medications
BMagnesium sulfate
CDelivery
DBed rest
Question 144Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for preterm labor?
ATocolytic medications
BCorticosteroids
CBed rest
DHydration
Question 145Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for premature rupture of membranes (PROM)?
AAntibiotics
BObservation
CInduction of labor
DHydration
Question 146Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for placenta previa?
APelvic rest
BCesarean delivery
CBlood transfusion
DTocolytics
Question 147Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for abruptio placentae?
AImmediate delivery
BBlood transfusion
CMonitoring of fetal heart rate
DOxygen therapy
Question 148Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for Rh incompatibility?
AAnti-D immunoglobulin
BBlood transfusion
CMonitoring of fetal anemia
DSteroids
Question 149Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for fetal growth restriction (FGR)?
AMonitoring of fetal well-being
BDelivery if indicated
CAddressing underlying causes
DHydration
Question 150Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for multiple gestation?
AIncreased frequency of antenatal visits
BMonitoring for complications
CDelivery planning
DTocolytics
Question 151Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for post-term pregnancy?
AMonitoring of fetal well-being
BInduction of labor
CAmnioinfusion
DHydration
Question 152Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for breech presentation?
AExternal cephalic version (ECV)
BCesarean delivery
CVaginal breech delivery (if appropriate)
DTocolytics
Question 153Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for shoulder dystocia?
AMcRoberts maneuver
BSuprapubic pressure
CDelivery of The posterior arm
DEpisiotomy
Question 154Single Answer
Which of The following is a recommended intervention for postpartum hemorrhage?
AUterotonic medications
BUterine massage
CBlood transfusion
DManual removal of placenta
Question 155Single Answer
Prolonged gestation is defined as a pregnancy that extends beyond:
A39 weeks
B40 weeks
C41 weeks
D42 weeks
Question 156Single Answer
The most accurate method to confirm gestational age is:
ALast menstrual period (LMP)
BClinical examination
CEarly ultrasound in The first trimester
DFundal height measurement
Question 157Single Answer
A common complication associated with prolonged gestation is:
APolyhydramnios
BFetal macrosomia
CPre-eclampsia
DPlacenta previa
Question 158Single Answer
Oligohydramnios in prolonged gestation increases The risk of:
AFetal macrosomia
BMeconium aspiration syndrome
CPolyhydramnios
DPlacental abruption
Question 159Single Answer
The primary cause of prolonged gestation is often:
AMaternal diabetes
BFetal anomalies
CIdiopathic
DPlacental insufficiency
Question 160Single Answer
Which of The following fetal surveillance methods is used in prolonged gestation?
ACardiotocography (CTG)
BBiophysical profile (BPP)
CAmniotic fluid index (AFI)
DAll of The above
Question 161Single Answer
The biophysical profile (BPP) assesses:
AFetal heart rate only
BFetal breathing movements, body movements, tone, and amniotic fluid volume
CMaternal blood pressure
DPlacental location
Question 162Single Answer
A decreased amniotic fluid index (AFI) in prolonged gestation indicates:
AIncreased fetal well-being
BFetal distress
CNormal fetal condition
DPlacental abruption
Question 163Single Answer
The most common indication for induction of labor in prolonged gestation is:
AMaternal request
BFetal macrosomia
COligohydramnios
DPlacenta previa
Question 164Single Answer
Which of The following is a method used for cervical ripening before induction of labor?
AOxytocin infusion
BProstaglandin E2 (PGE2)
CAmniotomy
DExternal cephalic version
Question 165Single Answer
The Bishop score is used to assess:
AFetal well-being
BCervical readiness for induction
CMaternal blood pressure
DPlacental function
Question 166Single Answer
A high Bishop score indicates:
AUnfavorable cervix
BFavorable cervix
CFetal distress
DPlacental abruption
Question 167Single Answer
Which of The following is a contraindication to induction of labor?
AFetal macrosomia
BPlacenta previa
COligohydramnios
DMaternal diabetes
Question 168Single Answer
During induction of labor with oxytocin, The primary concern is:
AFetal bradycardia
BUterine hyperstimulation
CMaternal hypotension
DPlacental abruption
Question 169Single Answer
Meconium aspiration syndrome is more common in:
APreterm deliveries
BTerm deliveries
CPost-term deliveries
DMultiple gestations
Question 170Single Answer
Fetal macrosomia increases The risk of:
AShoulder dystocia
BPlacenta previa
COligohydramnios
DPre-eclampsia
Question 171Single Answer
The primary management of shoulder dystocia involves:
AImmediate cesarean delivery
BMcRoberts maneuver
COxytocin administration
DProstaglandin administration
Question 172Single Answer
Which of The following is a risk associated with post-term placental insufficiency?
AFetal macrosomia
BFetal hypoxia
CPolyhydramnios
DMaternal hypertension
Question 173Single Answer
In prolonged gestation, fetal monitoring is recommended:
AOnce a week
BTwice a week
CDaily
DOnly if symptoms arise
Question 174Single Answer
If induction of labor fails, The next step is usually:
ARepeat induction
BCesarean delivery
CExpectant management
DAdministration of tocolytics
Question 175Single Answer
Which of The following is a common finding in post-term infants?
ALanugo
BVernix caseosa
CDry, cracked skin
DEdema
Question 176Single Answer
The primary goal of managing prolonged gestation is to:
AProlong pregnancy
BPrevent fetal complications
CEnsure maternal comfort
DAvoid cesarean delivery
Question 177Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential risk of amniotomy in prolonged gestation?
APolyhydramnios
BCord prolapse
CFetal macrosomia
DPlacenta previa
Question 178Single Answer
The decision to induce labor in prolonged gestation should be made based on:
AMaternal age
BFetal well-being and cervical status
CMaternal parity
DFetal sex
Question 179Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential complication of meconium aspiration syndrome?
APneumothorax
BPolyhydramnios
CPlacenta previa
DFetal macrosomia
Question 180Single Answer
The use of misoprostol for cervical ripening is contraindicated in women with:
APrevious cesarean delivery
BMaternal diabetes
COligohydramnios
DFetal macrosomia
Question 181Single Answer
Which of The following is a common finding in post-term placentas?
AIncreased size
BCalcifications
CPolyhydramnios
DPlacenta previa
Question 182Single Answer
The primary method to assess fetal lung maturity in prolonged gestation is:
AAmniocentesis for L/S ratio
BBiophysical profile
CCardiotocography
DMaternal serum alpha-fetoprotein
Question 183Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential risk of fetal asphyxia in prolonged gestation?
AFetal macrosomia
BOligohydramnios
CMeconium aspiration
DAll of The above
Question 184Single Answer
The use of Foley catheter insertion for cervical ripening is contraindicated in women with:
APlacenta previa
BMaternal diabetes
COligohydramnios
DFetal macrosomia
Question 185Single Answer
Which of The following is a common cause of inaccurate dating of pregnancy?
ARegular menstrual cycles
BUse of combined oral contraceptives
CIrregular menstrual cycles
DEarly prenatal care
Question 186Single Answer
In prolonged gestation, The risk of perinatal mortality is:
ADecreased
BIncreased
CUnchanged
DVariable
Question 187Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential risk of post-term infants developing neonatal encephalopathy?
AFetal macrosomia
BMeconium aspiration
CFetal hypoxia
DAll of The above
Question 188Single Answer
The use of stripping of membranes is contraindicated in women with:
APlacenta previa
BMaternal diabetes
COligohydramnios
DFetal macrosomia
Question 189Single Answer
Which of The following is a common cause of fetal distress in prolonged gestation?
APlacental insufficiency
BFetal macrosomia
CMeconium aspiration
DAll of The above
Question 190Single Answer
In prolonged gestation, The risk of operative vaginal delivery is:
ADecreased
BIncreased
CUnchanged
DVariable
Question 191Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential risk of post-term infants developing Erb's palsy?
AFetal macrosomia
BMeconium aspiration
CFetal hypoxia
DOligohydramnios
Question 192Single Answer
The use of osmotic dilators for cervical ripening is contraindicated in women with:
APlacenta previa
BMaternal diabetes
COligohydramnios
DFetal macrosomia
Question 193Single Answer
In prolonged gestation, The risk of postpartum hemorrhage is:
ADecreased
BIncreased
CUnchanged
DVariable
Question 194Single Answer
Which of The following is a potential risk of post-term infants developing hypoglycemia?
AFetal macrosomia
BMeconium aspiration
CFetal hypoxia
DPlacental insufficiency
Question 195Single Answer
Preterm labor is defined as regular uterine contractions with cervical change before:
A34 weeks of gestation
B37 weeks of gestation
C39 weeks of gestation
D40 weeks of gestation
Question 196Single Answer
Which of The following is NOT a risk factor for preterm labor?
APrevious preterm birth
BMultiple gestation
CMaternal age over 35 years
DNormal BMI
Question 197Single Answer
Common symptoms of preterm labor include:
ABack pain
BPelvic pressure
CIncreased vaginal discharge
DAll of The above
Question 198Single Answer
Fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing is used to:
APredict The risk of preterm labor
BDiagnose preterm labor
CDetermine fetal lung maturity
DAssess amniotic fluid volume
Question 199Single Answer
A short cervical length on transvaginal ultrasound indicates: