Processes through which collective decisions are made and implemented
C
Judicial decision-making alone
D
Electoral competition alone
Question 2Single Answer
Which of the following is a major characteristic of good governance?
A
Administrative secrecy
B
Arbitrary decision-making
C
Transparency
D
Political centralization
Question 3Single Answer
The principle of rule of law requires that:
A
Laws are applied fairly and impartially
B
Government officials remain above law
C
Courts function under executive control
D
Administrative discretion is unlimited
Question 4Single Answer
Participatory governance emphasizes:
A
Exclusion of non-state actors
B
Complete bureaucratic autonomy
C
Citizen involvement in decision-making
D
Centralization of political authority
Question 5Single Answer
Transparency in governance mainly facilitates:
A
Administrative monopoly
B
Secrecy of public records
C
Elimination of legislative scrutiny
D
Public access to information
Question 6Single Answer
Accountability means that public authorities are expected to:
A
Avoid explaining their actions
B
Function independently of law
C
Answer for their decisions and actions
D
Operate without public scrutiny
Question 7Single Answer
Which feature of good governance requires institutions to serve stakeholders within a reasonable time?
A
Hierarchy
B
Secrecy
C
Centralization
D
Responsiveness
Question 8Single Answer
Consensus-oriented governance seeks to:
A
Eliminate differences in society
B
Replace elections with bureaucracy
C
Mediate differing interests to reach broad agreement
D
Prevent stakeholder consultation
Question 9Single Answer
Equity and inclusiveness in governance imply that:
A
Only majority groups should influence policy
B
Economic efficiency overrides social justice
C
Vulnerable groups should have opportunities to participate and benefit
D
Citizens should have identical occupations
Question 10Single Answer
Effectiveness and efficiency in good governance relate to:
A
Increasing administrative secrecy
B
Achieving desired outcomes while making suitable use of resources
C
Reducing citizen participation
D
Expanding hierarchy regardless of results
Question 11Single Answer
Democratic governance is most closely associated with:
A
Hereditary authority
B
Military administration
C
Popular participation and constitutional accountability
D
Permanent emergency rule
Question 12Single Answer
Civil society generally refers to:
A
Only government ministries
B
Parliament alone
C
Armed forces alone
D
Voluntary organizations and associations outside the formal state structure
Question 13Single Answer
Which institution belongs most clearly to civil society?
A
Supreme Court
B
Voluntary citizens' association
C
Ministry of Finance
D
Cabinet Secretariat
Question 14Single Answer
One important democratic role of civil society is to:
A
Abolish elections
B
Exercise sovereign legislative power
C
Replace the judiciary
D
Articulate citizens' interests and monitor government
Question 15Single Answer
The state's role in governance includes:
A
Prevention of citizen participation
B
Elimination of all social organizations
C
Removal of judicial institutions
D
Provision and regulation of public goods and services
Question 16Single Answer
The concept of an 'enabling state' emphasizes:
A
Facilitating cooperation among public, private and civil-society actors
B
State withdrawal from every public responsibility
C
Complete administrative centralization
D
Abolition of regulation
Question 17Single Answer
Citizen-centric administration places primary emphasis on:
A
Convenience of administrative offices
B
Expansion of official privileges
C
Confidentiality of all government activity
D
Needs and rights of service users
Question 18Single Answer
Social accountability refers mainly to:
A
Citizen-based mechanisms for demanding accountability from public authorities
B
Accountability imposed exclusively by courts
C
Military control over administration
D
Control exercised only by civil servants
Question 19Single Answer
Which is an example of social accountability?
A
Social audit
B
Judicial appointment
C
Cabinet reshuffle
D
Presidential ordinance
Question 20Single Answer
Vertical accountability in a democracy is most clearly associated with:
A
Citizens holding representatives accountable through elections
B
One ministry supervising another ministry
C
Courts reviewing administrative action
D
Internal departmental inspection
Question 21Single Answer
Horizontal accountability involves:
A
Market competition alone
B
Elections alone
C
Oversight among state institutions
D
Voluntary charity
Question 22Single Answer
Which institution can provide horizontal accountability over the executive?
A
Private family
B
Parliament
C
Informal friendship group
D
Sports association
Question 23Single Answer
Public consultation before a major policy decision promotes:
A
Administrative secrecy
B
Participatory governance
C
Unaccountable government
D
Judicial supremacy
Question 24Single Answer
Participatory budgeting enables citizens to:
A
Conduct foreign policy
B
Appoint Supreme Court judges
C
Dissolve Parliament
D
Participate in decisions concerning public spending priorities
Question 25Single Answer
Which principle is most directly strengthened by publishing government decisions and their reasons?
A
Transparency
B
Secrecy
C
Centralization
D
Patronage
Question 26Single Answer
Grievance-redress mechanisms mainly strengthen:
A
Political monopoly
B
Administrative secrecy
C
Responsiveness and accountability
D
Judicial immunity
Question 27Single Answer
A Citizen's Charter normally communicates:
A
Expected standards of public service
B
Election results
C
Constitutional amendments
D
Judicial precedents only
Question 28Single Answer
In good governance, administrative discretion should ideally be:
A
Completely arbitrary
B
Secret in every circumstance
C
Beyond judicial scrutiny
D
Exercised according to law and reason
Question 29Single Answer
Which concept stresses that public institutions should justify their actions?
A
Answerability
B
Heredity
C
Privilege
D
Sovereignty of bureaucracy
Question 30Single Answer
Democratic governance differs from purely administrative governance because it gives special importance to:
A
Participation, representation and accountability
B
Command alone
C
Secrecy alone
D
Technical knowledge alone
Question 31Single Answer
The legitimacy of democratic governance fundamentally rests upon:
A
Permanent emergency
B
Administrative secrecy
C
Public consent and constitutional authority
D
Unelected hereditary rule
Question 32Single Answer
Which approach treats citizens as active partners rather than passive beneficiaries?
A
Administrative isolation
B
Authoritarian administration
C
Closed bureaucracy
D
Participatory governance
Question 33Single Answer
A government releasing datasets for public use primarily advances:
A
Closed administration
B
Open government
C
Administrative privilege
D
Judicial secrecy
Question 34Single Answer
Good governance attempts to minimize corruption primarily through:
A
Transparency, accountability and effective institutions
B
Complete absence of rules
C
Unlimited official discretion
D
Elimination of public information
Question 35Single Answer
Which of the following best captures the relationship between government and governance?
A
They are completely unrelated
B
Government is broader than governance in every respect
C
Governance is broader than government
D
Governance concerns courts alone
Question 36Single Answer
India follows which form of government at the Union level?
A
Presidential
B
Parliamentary
C
Directorial
D
Absolute monarchical
Question 37Single Answer
The Union Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the:
A
Lok Sabha
B
Supreme Court
C
Rajya Sabha
D
Election Commission
Question 38Single Answer
Collective responsibility implies that ministers:
A
Function completely independently of Cabinet decisions
B
Cannot resign individually
C
Are responsible only to courts
D
Stand or fall together politically as a Council
Question 39Single Answer
The principle of individual ministerial responsibility means, among other things, that:
A
Ministers remain outside executive authority
B
Ministers are elected directly by judges
C
Parliament cannot question ministers
D
Ministers are accountable for their departments
Question 40Single Answer
Which parliamentary device enables members to obtain information from ministers?
A
Ordinance
B
Judicial review
C
Writ jurisdiction
D
Question Hour
Question 41Single Answer
Legislative control over the executive is most directly based on the principle of:
A
Hereditary government
B
Judicial supremacy over Parliament
C
Bureaucratic independence from elected institutions
D
Executive accountability to Parliament
Question 42Single Answer
A no-confidence motion tests whether the government continues to enjoy the confidence of the:
A
Supreme Court
B
Lok Sabha
C
Election Commission
D
Comptroller and Auditor General
Question 43Single Answer
An adjournment motion is traditionally associated with discussion of:
A
Constitutional amendment only
B
A definite matter of urgent public importance
C
Judicial appointments only
D
Private commercial disputes
Question 44Single Answer
Parliamentary questions are an instrument of:
A
Executive accountability
B
Judicial appointment
C
Administrative immunity
D
Federal secession
Question 45Single Answer
Parliamentary debates contribute to accountability by:
A
Abolishing opposition participation
B
Preventing discussion of public policy
C
Removing legislative oversight
D
Subjecting government policies to public scrutiny
Question 46Single Answer
The term 'budget' in the Constitution is formally associated with the:
A
Annual Judicial Statement
B
Annual Financial Statement
C
Public Service Statement
D
National Audit Charter
Question 47Single Answer
The Annual Financial Statement of the Union is dealt with under Article:
A
32
B
280
C
112
D
324
Question 48Single Answer
Demands for Grants are voted by the:
A
Rajya Sabha only
B
Lok Sabha
C
Supreme Court
D
Finance Commission
Question 49Single Answer
Which House has the primary power to vote on Demands for Grants?
A
Rajya Sabha
B
Lok Sabha
C
Both Houses separately with equal power
D
Neither House
Question 50Single Answer
An Appropriation Act authorizes:
A
Appointment of judges
B
Withdrawal of money from the Consolidated Fund for approved expenditure
C
Creation of political parties
D
Delimitation of constituencies
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Political Science
Question 51Single Answer
A Finance Bill primarily concerns:
A
Election disputes
B
Judicial appointments
C
Government taxation and financial proposals
D
Inter-state boundaries only
Question 52Single Answer
The constitutional authority responsible for auditing Union and State government accounts is the:
A
Attorney General
B
Election Commission
C
Comptroller and Auditor General
D
UPSC
Question 53Single Answer
The Comptroller and Auditor General is provided for under Article:
A
148
B
280
C
324
D
356
Question 54Single Answer
The Public Accounts Committee primarily examines:
A
Judicial appointments
B
Election petitions
C
CAG reports and appropriation-related accounts
D
Foreign treaties only
Question 55Single Answer
The Public Accounts Committee serves primarily as an instrument of:
A
Judicial review
B
Legislative financial control
C
Electoral management
D
Diplomatic negotiation
Question 56Single Answer
The Public Accounts Committee of Parliament consists of a maximum of:
A
22 members
B
20 members
C
15 members
D
30 members
Question 57Single Answer
How many Lok Sabha members are included in the Public Accounts Committee?
A
10
B
15
C
20
D
22
Question 58Single Answer
How many Rajya Sabha members may be associated with the Public Accounts Committee?
A
7
B
5
C
10
D
15
Question 59Single Answer
A minister can be a member of the Public Accounts Committee:
A
No
B
Only with presidential approval
C
Always
D
Only if from Rajya Sabha
Question 60Single Answer
The chairperson of the Public Accounts Committee is appointed by the:
A
President
B
Speaker of Lok Sabha
C
Prime Minister
D
Chief Justice of India
Question 61Single Answer
The Estimates Committee is principally concerned with:
A
Examining estimates and suggesting economy and efficiency
B
Conducting judicial review
C
Conducting elections
D
Investigating criminal offences
Question 62Single Answer
The Committee on Public Undertakings focuses on:
A
Election expenditure of candidates
B
Private family businesses
C
Public-sector undertakings
D
Judicial salaries alone
Question 63Single Answer
PAC, Estimates Committee and Committee on Public Undertakings are commonly classified as:
A
Election tribunals
B
Judicial committees
C
Constitutional courts
D
Financial committees of Parliament
Question 64Single Answer
Legislative financial control begins before expenditure through:
A
Approval of budgetary demands
B
CAG audit alone
C
Judicial review alone
D
Civil-service recruitment
Question 65Single Answer
Post-expenditure legislative financial control is especially associated with:
A
CAG reports and PAC scrutiny
B
Ordinance-making
C
Electoral rolls
D
Governor's assent
Question 66Single Answer
Which body assists the Public Accounts Committee during examination of audited government expenditure?
A
CAG
B
UPSC
C
Election Commission
D
Finance Ministry alone
Question 67Single Answer
Administrative accountability within departments is strengthened through:
A
Abolition of responsibility
B
Elimination of record keeping
C
Supervision and internal controls
D
Complete secrecy
Question 68Single Answer
Internal audit is primarily a form of:
A
Administrative and financial control
B
Electoral control
C
Judicial review
D
Constitutional amendment
Question 69Single Answer
The purpose of budgetary control is to ensure that:
A
Elections determine each administrative payment
B
Public money can be spent without authorization
C
Courts prepare all departmental budgets
D
Public money is spent according to legislative authorization
Question 70Single Answer
A parliamentary committee system enables:
A
Permanent executive secrecy
B
Elimination of legislative oversight
C
Replacement of Parliament by courts
D
Detailed legislative scrutiny
Question 71Single Answer
Committee examination is useful because committees can:
A
Amend the Constitution without Parliament
B
Exercise unlimited judicial power
C
Issue currency
D
Undertake detailed examination of specialized matters
Question 72Single Answer
Parliamentary accountability is strengthened when ministers are required to:
A
Avoid legislative proceedings
B
Explain policies and actions before the legislature
C
Refuse all information to members
D
Ignore parliamentary resolutions
Question 73Single Answer
Which of the following represents political control over administration?
A
Judicial appointment
B
Market pricing
C
Ministerial responsibility
D
Private arbitration
Question 74Single Answer
Legislative scrutiny of delegated legislation seeks to ensure that: