When Ramesh was at the age of 8 years, he hammered a nail into a large tree to mark his height. If the tree grows 2 cm/year, how much higher would the nail be after 6 years?

The molar fraction of hydrochloric acid extremely dilute aqueous solution is The pH of the resulting solution is-

Approximately how much blood flows the through a normal human heart beating 70 times per minute, having a relaxed volume 110 cc and compressed volume of 70cc?

A leaf appears green in daylight. If this leaf were observed in red light, what colour would It appear to have?

The distance from Nehrunagar to Gandhinagar is 27 km. A and B start walking from Nehrunagar towards Gandhinagar speeds of 5 km/hr and 7 km/hr, respectively. B reaches Gandhinagar, return immediately, and meets A at Indiranagar. What is the distance between Nehrunagar and Indiranagar?(assume all three cities to be in one straight line)

football and cricket, 15% play both basketball and cricket 10% play both football and Basketball 15 students play no games, while 5% of the students play all three games. What is the total number of students?

A 100 m long fence is to be made by fixing a wire mesh on steel poles. Each pole has a 1m vertical portion and a l m portion tilted at 45⁰  to the vertical. What will be the area of wire mesh required?

The average staff salary of a company Rs.8000/-. A new guard and a new manager recruited with salaries of Rs.5000/- and Rs.20000 respectively. What is the current staff stridence if the new average salary  Rs.4000/-more that of the guard?

A bird flies along the three sides of a field in the shape of an equilateral triangle at speeds of 2, 4, 8 km/hr, respectively. The average speed of bird is-

A buys n copies of a book at 20% discount. B gets the same book at 30% discount. What is the minimum value of n for which B can buy one extra copy of the book, spending the same amount as A?

The number of three English letter words, having at least one consonant, but not having two consecutive consonants, is

There are two gas parcels of equal volume, A and B at the same temperature and pressure. Parcel A is one mole of water vapour, while parcel B is one mole of dry air. Which of the following is TRUE?

For which of the following numbers is its positive square roof closest to the number itself ?

Which one of the following ʵ proteinst both as an activator and repressor of transcription?

One of the mechanisms used by bacteria for  adaptation to changed environment is altering
transcription of their genes. In this regard which one of the following responses is NOT found in bacteria?

During eukaryotic cell division, metaphase to anaphase transition is regulated by degradation of -

Which one of the following statements about chromatin is NOT true?

Select a cellular body which is NOT a part of the nuclear bodies

In a signalling event, binding of an extracellular ligand activates G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that eventually activates phospholipase C-B. Which one of the following statements truly reflects the function of phospholipase C-B?

The ф and Ψ values of a B-strand composed of all D-amino acids will mainly occupy which quadrant in the Ramachandran plot?

What is the effect of sudden increase in the levels of ATP and citrate on an erythrocyte undergoing glycolysis?

Indicate the INCORRECT statement from the following:

Choose the correct statement from the following:

In a given experiment, transplantation of micromeres from the vegetal pole of a 16-cell sea urchin embryo onto the animal ploleof a host 16-cell sea urchin embryo would initiate.

Based on ABC model during flower development, loss of class A activity results in the formation of only stamen and carpel. Which of the following floral organ identity genes controls the class A activity?

Which one of the following statements regarding limb development in mice is true?

Match the following cleavage patterns with the species in which they occur.
     Species                                              Cleavage Pattern
A.Flatworm                                     i.Meroblastic discoidal
B.Frog                                           ii.Meroblastic superficial
C.Birds                                          iii.Holoblastic displaced radial
D.Insect                                         iv.Holoblastic spiral

Which one of the following human serum immunoglobulins takes part in classical complement fixation pathway?

Junctions which tether cytoskeletal filaments inside the cell are known as -

Which one of the following is a group of Signalling molecules that act as morphogens during development of an organism and its effects are mediated through the receptor Patched and its binding partner Smoothened?

Proteins with cytoplasmic domains having tyrosine kinase activity do NOT act as receptors for

During eukaryotic protein synthesis, stress conditions result in activation of specific kinases leading to phosphorylation of a key translation initiation factor that inhibits protein synthesis from a large number of cellular mRNA. Which one of the following factors is the target of the kinase?

A highly specific inhibitor that targets the phosphorylation activity TFIIH is ad, in vitro transcription reaction. Which One of the following steps is most likely to be affected?

In a linkage map, two genes A and B, are 70 cm apart. If individuals heterozygous for both the genes are test crossed number of progeny  with parental phenotype will be:

Two mutant plants, both bearing white flowers were crossed. All F₁, plants had red coloured flowers. When an F₁ plant was selfed it produced flowers in 9:7 ratio. Based on this information, which one of the following conclusions is correct?

Reflex ovulation does NOT occur in-are

Mammillary bodies are present in-

In which one of the body fluids is K⁺ concentration higher than that of Na⁺?

Which one of the following is NOT involved with the absorption of iron in the intestine?

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct for Casparian strip?

The plant hormone, Gibberellic Acid is generally NOT associated with-

Which one of the following is the correct of function of JAZ (JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN) protein family, a key regulator of Jasmonic Acid (JA) signalling response?

Which one of the following is NOT a phenotype of dark-grown seedlings that are etiolated?

In the context of diversity patterns of species which one of the following statements is INCORRECT ?

A species whose life history strategies allow for  high intrinsic rates of increase (r-strategist) will also exhibit the following EXCEPT

Which one of the following statements is true about xylem in plants?

Among the following statement, which is the correct one that refers to a Holotype?

Given below are growth equations where dN/dt is defined as.
A.rN/K
B.rN
C.rN[(K-N)/N]
D.πN[(K-N/K]
With reference to the above equations, which one of following statements is correct?

Phages are collected from an infected E. coli donor strain of genotype cys⁺ leu⁺ thr⁺ and used to transduce a recipient of genotype cys^- leu^- thr^-. The treated recipient population is plated on a minimal medium supplemented with leucine and threonine. Many colonies grew. Which one of the following combination of genotypes are appropriate for the colonies that grew ?

A researcher exposed Drosophila larvae to 37°C during their growth. One of the adult flies that emerged had a crossveinless phynotype.Crossveinless is a known mutant in Drosophila When this crossveinless fly was crossed to a  known crossveinless mutant fly all the progny had normal phenotype. The observed phynotype can be best explained as an example of.

In an intact cell patch-clamp experiment.

Which of the following statements about YACs is FALSE?

Which of the following host systems is best suited to express large amounts of glycoslated
protein for structural studies?

Which one of the following statements regarding protein is CORRECT ?

Which one of the following statements regarding use of hybrid nucleases for plant genome engineering is INCORRECT?

Which one of the following microscopes would you use to visualize a protein fused to an appropriate reporter in a living cell?

Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE about homologous characters?

Which one of the following statements is NOT TRUE about the Neutral Theory as proposed by Motoo Kimura?

Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that ensure order and fidelity of events of the cell cycle. Given below are some of the checkpoints proteins and their functions.
A.Mad2                          (i) Prevention of Cdc 14 activation
B.Tem 1                         (ii) Prevention of Cdc20 activation
C.ATM                           (iii) Inhibition of p21^CIP
D.ATR                           (iv) Inhibition of separase action
Match the checkpoint protein with its function.

Given below are organelles (column A) and properties associated with the organelles (column B).
    Column A                                      Column B
A.Lysosomes                                   (i) Anterograde transport from ER to Golgi
B.cis-Golgi                                       (ii) Clathrin-coated vesicles
C.trans-Golgi                                    (iii) Cop I vesicles budding
D.Cop II vesicles                               (iv) Mannose-6- phosphate receptor
E.Endocytic                                     (v) Protein aggregate for secretion
vesicle
Choose the option that matches the organelles with the most appropriate property

Sphingolinids (S) and cholesterol (C) molecules of the lipid bilaver aggregate into multiple tiny rafts instead of a single large one. Considering that size of a lipid raft depends on the affinity of S and C for one another and other lipids in the membrane, choose the option that best describes this property.

A polymer is synthesized from an achiral amino acid. Conformation of the polymer can  be investigated by the following techniques.
A.Fibre diffraction
B.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectror..
C.Circular dichroism spectroscopy
D.Differential scanning calorimetry
Choose the combination which would indicate that the polymer adopts a helical conformatio.

Match the chemical agents that interfere in oxidative phosphorylation process with their respective mode of action.
   Column1                                   column II
A.Antimycin A                           (i) Inhibits Fo component of ATP
synthase
B.Oligomycin                            (ii)Disrupts inner mitochondrial
membrane potential
C.Valinomycin                           (iii)Prevent electron transport from Fe/S
cluster to ubiquinone Fe/S
D.Rotenone                               (iv) Blocks electron transfer from
cytochrome b to cytochrone ci
                                                 (v)Inhibits adenine nucleotide translocase
Choose the correct combination from below:

From the following statements
A.Enzymes enhance reaction rates by a factor of 2 to10
B.The activation energy for a reaction is lowered by enzymes
C.The interactions between enzymes and substrates are hydrogen bonding.
D.Substrate concentration does not affect the rate of enzyme catalyzed reactions
Pick the combination with all INCORRECT statements

The following statements are made:
A.a and B anomers of glucose are inter-convertible and the ratio of their abundance
is 12 respectively
B.Single chain lipids (>C₁₄) form micelles and double chain lipids form bilayers in water.
C.Proline is energetically favoured at the C- termini of an ox-helix than at the N-termini.
D.Major groove of DNA readily accommodates several common structural motifs in protein than the minor groove
E.Replacement of a canonical Watson-Crick pairing by Wobble base pairs does not change the surface properties in t-RNA
Which one of the following combinations is INCORRECT

Out of the statements mentioned below-
A.L-threonine and L-allo-threonine interact identically with plane polarized light.
B.van der Waals interactions are always attractive
C.Poly (pro) II helix is not stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds.
D.The folding of a protein is associated with an overall positive change in free energy and negative change in entropy
E.Lysine acetylation on histone is associated with loosening of the histone complex from DNA
Which of the following combinations is CORRECT?

Match the coenzymes in column I serving as transient carriers of specific atoms or functional groups in column II.
    column I                                                   column II
A.Coenzyme A                                          (i) Aldehyde groups
B.Flavin adenine                                        (ii) Amino groups
dinucleotide
C.Pyridoxal phosphate                              (iii) Hydrogen atoms
D.Thiamine   pyrophosphate                      (iv) Acyl groups
Select correct combinations from the options given below

Two classes of genes-prot-oncogene and tumor suppressor gene usually contribute to the development of cancer. Following are some of the statements regarding both the genes.
A.Proto-oncogenes result in the development of cancer by gain-of-function mutations whereas tumor suppressor gene leads to cancer development by loss-of –function mutation.
B.Proto-oncogenes result in development of cancer by loss-of-function mutation wheres tumor suppressor gene leads to cancer development by gain-of-function mutation.
C.Mutation in both alleles of a protooncogene is required for induction of cancer whereas mutation in one of the two alleles in tumor suppressor gene is sufficient for promoting tumorigenesis.
D.Mutation in one of the two alleles in proto-oncogene is sufficient for induction of cancer whereas mutation in both the alleles of a tumor suppressor gene is required for promoting tumorigenesis.
Which combinations of the above statements are true for both the genes?

In a type of signal transduction pathway,ligand binding to a receptor triggers activation of a receptor associated kinase. This kinase may be an intrinsic part of the receptor protein or tightly bound to the receptor. Receptors in which the tyrosine kinase is an intrinsic part of it's polypeptide chain are called the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK). Which one of the following statements regarding RTK is INCORRECT ?

tRNA genes of a Gram positive bacteria were sequenced. While some of the genes possessed sequence corresponding to the -CCA end of the tRNA, others did not. Interestingly, even the genes that lacked the sequence corresponding to the -CCA end of the tRNA were found to code for a functional tRNA. This is because-

Imagine the following RNA sequence is translated in the mammalian cytosol and mitochondria.
RNA sequences:AUG AUA CUG UGA CUU AGG CUC UAA
Following are some putative peptide sequences
Cytosol                                    Mitochondria
(a) Met-Ile-Leu                             (I) Met-Ile-Leu-Trp- Leu-Arg-Leu
(b) Met-Ile-Leu-arg-Leu                 (ii) Met-Met-Leu- Trp-Leu
Find out the correct combination of peptides made in the cytosol and mitochondria.

Following table lists the the major forms of DNA duplexes, conformation of base  attached to the sugar and the nature of major and minor grooves.
DNA duplex DNA                                              Properties
(A) A form                                                  (i) Syn conformation of the base to sugar
(B) B form                                                  (ii)Anti conformation of the base to sugar
                                                                (iii) Wide major groove
                                                                (iv)Narrow major groove
                                                                 (v) Wide minor groove
                                                                (vi) Narrow mine groove
Which of the following combination correctly depicts the types of DNA duplexes and their properties (numbered within bracket)?

You have discovered a new transposon, TnX. and would like to identify its mode of replication. A heteroduplex of the TnX sequence is made with a few mismatches and introduced into bacteria. The newly transposed genomic loci are sequence. You find that the sequence of the transposon matched exactly with one of its parent strands. This suggests that.

What would be the effect on newt limb regeneration, if more than 90% of the nerve supply is severed before amputation?

Following are the events that might take place during dorso-ventral axis specification in early embryonic development of Drosophila.
A.Torpedo' receptor activation
B.'Pipe' synthesis
C.A cascade of protease activity
D.Cactus' dephosphorylation
E.Entry of 'Dorsal' in the nuclei of syncytial blastoderm stage embryo
Which combination of the above events will occur in the presumptive dorsal side of the embryo deficient in maternal gurken?

elegans embryo uses both autonomous and conditional modes of specification. Conditional specification at the 4-cell stage can be seen in the development of the endoderm cell lineage and also in the establishment of dorsal-ventral axis. Following are few statements regarding this:
A.If the P₂, cell is removed at the early 4-cell stage, the EMS cell will divide into two MS cells and no endoderm will be made.
B. In pop-1 deficient embryos, both EMS daughter cells become E cells.
C.When the position of ABa and ABp was reversed, their fates get reversed and no normal embryo forms
D.Ins embryos whose mother have mutant glp-1, ABp is transformed into AB a cell
Which of the above statements are true?

During vulva development in C. elegans, the anchor cell produces Lin-3 protein which interacts with the Let-23 protein present on the six vulval precursor cells (VPCs) that form an equivalence group. The central lineage cell (P6.p) adopts primary fate, the adjacent VPCs (P5.p and P7.p) adopt the secondary fate and the rest VPCs adopt the tertiary fate. Few mutants (Column A) and phenotypes (Column B) are listed in the table given below.
Column A                                                      Column B
A.Loss of function of lin-3                     (i) P5.p, P6.p and P7.p of lin-3 adopt primary fate.P4.p and P8.p adopt secondary fate
B.Loss of function                                 (ii) Multivulva of lin-3 and gain of function of let-23
C.Reduced function of lin-3                  (iii) P6.padopt primary fate and the rest of the VPCs adopt tertiary fate
D.Overexpression of lin-3                     (iv) All VPCs adopt tertiary fate
Match the correct mutant with phenotype.

Identification of genes that are associated with the development of male and/or female gametophyte and embryogenesis in plants is facilitated by T-DNA mediated insertional mutagenesis. In an experiement, a transganic plant was generated by insertion of T-DNA (containing a Kanamycin-resistance gene) a gene "A". Self pollination of theT₀ plant  generated F₁, progeny that segregated in a 2:1 ratio for resistance:sensitivity to kanamycin These observations indicate that.

Oncogenic viruses could have either DNA or RNA genomes. Listed below are  some
oncogenic viruses (Column A), their genome type (Column B) and cancers caused
viruses (Column C).
      A                                          B                                    C
(a)Hepatitis B                           (i) DNA                          (x) Burkitt's
lymphoma                               
(b)Epstein Barr Virus               (ii) RNA                          (y)T cell leukaemia
(c) HTLV                                                                      (z)Hepatocellular carcinoma
Find out the correct combination

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are encoded by a cluster of genes called MHC locus. There are several reasons why an MHC molecule on the surface of a cell is important. Which one of the following reasons is INCORRECT?

When a skeletal muscle was passively stretched, it contracted reflexly.however, when the muscle was over stretched in this way it showed sudden cessation of contraction followed by relaxation.the following statements provided the possible explanation of these observations.
A.The passive stretching of muscle spindle
B.The over stretching of muscle stimulated Golgi tendon organ
C.Group 1 b sensory nerve fibers were stimulated by stretching of muscles spindle
D.Group Ib sensory nerve fibers stimulated a motor neurons that supplied the muscle from which these fibers arose.
E.Group 1 a sensory nerve fibers were  connected to Golgi tendon organ
F.The stimulation of group la sensory fibers led to the to the production of IPSP on a motor neurons that supplied the muscle from which these fibers arose.
Which of the above statement(s)/is are correct?

In the glomerular capillary (GC), fluid moves into Bowman's capsule through its almost entire length. But in the muscle capillary (MC), fluid moves into interstitial space at its arteriolar end. The difference between these two capillaries is explained in the following proposed statements.
A.Afferent and efferent arterioles are present on the two ends of GC, but in MC, arteriole and venule are present on two ends./GC.
B.The hydrostatic pressure in GC is higher than that in MC
C.The efferent arteriole in GC has a relatively low resistance, but venules in MC has a high resistance.
D.The difference of hydrostatic pressure Pressure between two ends of GC is relatively more but it is negligible in MC
E.The difference of oncotic pressure between two ends of MC is negligible but it is realtively more in GC
F.The net filtration pressure falls to zero at the efferent end of GC but it is 9 mm Hg inward at the venular end of MC.
Which of the above statements are INCORRECT?

The pacemaker cells of sinoatrial node (SA node) are inhibited by the stimulation of vagus nerve. The probable mechanisms of this inhibition are stated as follows:
A.The acetylcholine-regulated K⁺ channels are activated
B.The outward K⁺ causes hyperpolarization of pacemaker cells
C.The inward "funny current" of pacemaker potential is increased
D.The increased intracellular CAMP, induced by activation of M₂, muscarinic-receptors, slows the opening of Ca⁺⁺ channels.
Choose the answer with correct statements

The following statements describe the possible functions of the outer hair cells (OHC) of organ of Corti:
A.The outer hair cells (OHC) are depolarized or hyperpolarized depending on the direction of movement of stereocilia
B.The OHC are lengthened in depolarization and shortened in hyperpolarization
C.The OHC decrease the amplitude and clarity of sound by shortening and lengthening
D.The efferent nerve fibers of olivocochlear bundle modulate the sensitivity of the OHC
E.The effect of stimulation of olivocochler bundle on the OHC is excitatory
Which one of the options given below represents the correct statements?

Transgenic tobacco plants over-expressing isopentenyl transfer (IPT) under the control of promoter region of Senescence- Associated Receptor kinase (P_SARK) were exposed to drought for 15 days followed by re-watering for 7 days. The following hypotheses were proposed regarding changes in the transgenic plants at the end of 7 days of re-watering.
A.The plants would be wilted and fail to survive
B.The plants would be healthy and survive
C.The plants would show higher production of cytokinin compared to wild type plants
D.The plants would show higher production of absicic acid compared to wild type plants.
Which one of the following combinations of the above hypotheses is correct?

With reference to plant biotic interactions, match the terms of column I with the most appropriate term of Column II.
   Column I                                Column II
A. Phytoliths of Ponceac         (i) Pholem feeders
B.Salicylic acid                      (ii)Decrease in Stomatal aperture
signalling pathway
C.MAMP                               (iii) R genese /NBS-LRR receptor
D. Effector triggered                (iv) Mechanical barrier to herbivory
immunity

The photon intensity captured by green plants is used in the following processes:
(i)Photosynthesis
(ii)Generation of heat
(iii)Production of toxic products such as superoxide, singlet oxygen etc.
(iv)Damage to DI protein of PSII
Based on the above facts, photoinhibiton happen when the

A researcher developed quadruple mutant that disrupted the function of all phytochrome interacting factor (PIF) family members. The following hypotheses were proposed regarding the phenotype of the mutant plants when grown in dark
A. Plants would show short hypocotyls
B.Plants would be etiolated
C.Light induced genes would be activated
D.The cotyledons would be open
Which one of the following combinations of the above hypotheses is correct?

Given below are some statements on secondary metabolites in plants.
A.Glucosinolates are synthesized by elongation in the length of side chains of their precursor amino acids.
B.All terpenes produced in herbs and spices are Sticky oily liquids which reduces the palatability (edible value ) of these plants.
C.Cyanogenic glycosides are produced and stored in a toxic form in plants and are therefore more effective in defense against invading pathogens and herbivores.
D.The defense molecules, alkaloids (or their precursors), are gathered from plants and used by some insects for their own protection against predators.
Which one of the following represents correct statements?

A specific Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase The (MAPK) cascade comprising MEKK 1 (a MAP3K), MKKI (a MAP2K) and MPK6 (a MAPK) is activated sequentially in that orders in Arabidopsis plants upon perceiving certain abiotic stress stimuli. The activated MPK6 phosphorylates and activates a transcription factor 'X' thereby making plant tolerant to the abiotic stress. Two different variants of MKK1 protein, a kinase inactive (KI) and a constitutively active (CA) forms were expressed independently in mkk1 mutant Arabidopsis plant. Considering above facts, which one of the following statements is CORRECT ?

Given below are statement on key characteristics of two fungal lineages.
A.Microsporidia do not have true mitochondria.
B.Most chytrids produce flagellated gametes
C.Microsporidia are usually free-living
D.Chytrids reproduce sexually without a dikaryon stage
Choose the combination with correct statements

Euphorbiaceae generally represents milky sap bearing plants but there are also some non-milky sap bearing plants that belong to this family. Identify the correct combination of the following given plants which belong to family Euphorbiacea.

Two inbred lines of beans were intercrossed .In F1 the variance in bean length was measured as 2.0. The F1 was selfed to obtain F2 variance in bean length in F2 was 7.0 .The broad heritability of bean length in population will be:

In Drosophila, Bar eye (B) is a dominant mutation while miniature wing (m) and yellow body colour (y) are recessive mutations Heterozygous females for these mutations were crossed to normal eyed miniature winged and yellow body coloured males. Assume the  following progeny was obtained:
Phenotypes                                                   Number
B⁺m⁺y⁺                                                           30
B m y⁺                                                             25
B m⁺y⁺                                                            165
B⁺m y⁺                                                             120
B m y                                                               20
B m⁺y                                                                110
B⁺m⁺y                                                               45
Based on the results obtained, the order of genes will be
A. Bmy
B. mBy
The genetic distance between B and y will be
C. 40 cM
D. 17.1cM
The correct combination of answer is

In Burkitt's Lymphoma a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 8 and 14 is observed. If an individual is heterozygous for this translocations, the consequence in mciosis will be as follows.
A.Four chromosomes, i.e. normal chromosome 8 and 14, and translocated chromosome 8 and 14. pair together.
B.The two normal chromosomes 8 and 14, and two translocated chromosomes pair separately.
C.All gametes produced from this meiosis are non-viable as they have deletions and duplications.
D.in one of the cross configurations called “alternate segregation” all gametes having normal or translocated chromosomes survive
E.The gametes having normal chromosomes only survive while all gametes having translocated chromosomes are non-viable, hence the translocations are used as crossover supspressors.
Which of the following combinations best describes the meiotic consequence for the translocation described above?

In an examination 100 questions of 1 mark each are given. After the examination, 20 questions are deleted from evaluation, leaving 80 questions with a total of 100 marks. Student A had answered 4 of the deleted questions correctly and got 40 marks, whereas student B had answered 10 of the deleted questions correctly and got 35 marks. In this situation.

A circular running track has six lanes, each 1m wide. How far ahead (in metres) should the runner in the outermost lane start from, so as to cover the same distance in one lap as the runner in the innermost lane?

For the following set of observed values
{60, 65, 65, 70, 70, 70, 70, 82, 85, 90, 95, 95, 100, 160, 160},
Which of the statements is true?

If D = ABC + BCA + CAB where A, B and C are decimal digits, then D is divisible by

The diameters of the pinholes of two otherwise identical cameras A and B are 500 um and 200 um, respectively. Then the image in camera A will be.