In Samkhya philosophy, reality is dualistic consisting of?
A
Atman and Brahman
B
Karma and Moksha
C
Purusha and Prakriti
D
Dharma and Artha
Question 4Single Answer
Who among the following propounded the theory of Shunyavada?
A
Nagarjuna
B
Shankara
C
Kapila
D
Patanjali
Question 5Single Answer
The concept of “Satkaryavada” is associated with which school?
A
Samkhya
B
Nyaya
C
Charvaka
D
Bauddha
Question 6Single Answer
According to Charvaka, ultimate reality is?
A
Consciousness
B
Atman
C
Matter
D
God
Question 7Single Answer
“Advaita Vedanta” regards reality as?
A
Pluralistic
B
Monistic
C
Dualistic
D
Theistic
Question 8Single Answer
The doctrine of “Syadvada” relates to which system?
A
Buddhism
B
Jainism
C
Vedanta
D
Mimamsa
Question 9Single Answer
Which Upanishad declares “Sarvam Khalvidam Brahma”?
A
Chandogya
B
Kena
C
Brihadaranyaka
D
Isha
Question 10Single Answer
Who said, “Brahman is real, world is unreal, and Jiva is Brahman”?
A
Ramanuja
B
Madhva
C
Shankara
D
Vallabha
Question 11Single Answer
Which school holds the doctrine of “Arambhavada”?
A
Samkhya
B
Advaita
C
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
D
Buddhism
Question 12Single Answer
“Reality is flux” is the doctrine of which Buddhist school?
A
Sautrantika
B
Yogachara
C
Madhyamika
D
Vaibhashika
Question 13Single Answer
The concept of “Dravya and Guna” as reality belongs to?
A
Samkhya
B
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
C
Vedanta
D
Jainism
Question 14Single Answer
In Jain metaphysics, reality is explained through?
A
Shunyavada
B
Satkaryavada
C
Anekantavada
D
Vivartavada
Question 15Single Answer
“Asatkaryavada” is upheld by which system?
A
Jainism
B
Samkhya
C
Vedanta
D
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
Question 16Single Answer
The doctrine of “Maya” as illusory power is explained in?
A
Samkhya
B
Charvaka
C
Jainism
D
Advaita Vedanta
Question 17Single Answer
Which philosophy regards consciousness as the only reality?
A
Yogachara Buddhism
B
Nyaya
C
Samkhya
D
Jainism
Question 18Single Answer
The theory of “Pratityasamutpada” refers to?
A
Eternalism
B
Dependent origination
C
Atomism
D
Liberation
Question 19Single Answer
Which system believes in “Svatantra Vada” (independent reality of God)?
A
Vishishtadvaita
B
Advaita Vedanta
C
Charvaka
D
Buddhism
Question 20Single Answer
Who emphasized “Dvaita” (dualism) between soul and God?
A
Shankara
B
Madhva
C
Kapila
D
Ramanuja
Question 21Single Answer
According to Charvaka, perception is?
A
The only source of knowledge
B
Illusion
C
One among many pramanas
D
Irrelevant
Question 22Single Answer
Which philosophy explains the world as transformation of Brahman?
A
Advaita Vedanta
B
Samkhya
C
Vishishtadvaita
D
Nyaya
Question 23Single Answer
“Nityatva of Veda” is a doctrine supported by?
A
Vedanta
B
Purva Mimamsa
C
Buddhism
D
Jainism
Question 24Single Answer
Which philosophy considers God as efficient cause but not material cause?
A
Charvaka
B
Advaita Vedanta
C
Samkhya
D
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
Question 25Single Answer
“Reality is indescribable” is the standpoint of?
A
Jainism
B
Charvaka
C
Vedanta
D
Samkhya
Question 26Single Answer
Who propounded the doctrine of “Vivartavada”?
A
Gautama
B
Ramanuja
C
Kapila
D
Shankara
Question 27Single Answer
“Kshanika Vada” is the Buddhist doctrine of?
A
Eternal reality
B
Momentariness of existence
C
Material atomism
D
Liberation
Question 28Single Answer
The concept of “Satya and Mithya” is central to?
A
Advaita Vedanta
B
Samkhya
C
Nyaya
D
Charvaka
Question 29Single Answer
“Paramanuvada” (atomic theory of reality) is associated with?
A
Buddhism
B
Vedanta
C
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
D
Charvaka
Question 30Single Answer
In Jainism, reality is both permanent and changing because of?
A
Maya
B
Anekantavada
C
Karma
D
Satkaryavada
Question 31Single Answer
“Trikaya doctrine” is related to which philosophy?
A
Jainism
B
Buddhism
C
Samkhya
D
Vedanta
Question 32Single Answer
Which Indian philosopher emphasized “qualified non-dualism”?
A
Shankara
B
Madhva
C
Kapila
D
Ramanuja
Question 33Single Answer
According to Nyaya, reality consists of how many padarthas?
A
Six
B
Sixteen
C
Nine
D
Seven
Question 34Single Answer
“Vishesha” is a category in which philosophy?
A
Vedanta
B
Samkhya
C
Jainism
D
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
Question 35Single Answer
The concept of “Shunyata” was developed in?
A
Madhyamika Buddhism
B
Jainism
C
Advaita Vedanta
D
Samkhya
Question 36Single Answer
In Samkhya, bondage is due to?
A
Association of Purusha with Prakriti
B
Avidya
C
Karma
D
Maya
Question 37Single Answer
“Asadkaryavada” implies?
A
Effect exists before cause
B
Effect is distinct from cause
C
Effect is illusion
D
Effect is eternal
Question 38Single Answer
Which philosophy believes in the “Five Elements” as ultimate reality?
A
Nyaya
B
Jainism
C
Charvaka
D
Vedanta
Question 39Single Answer
The Upanishadic dictum “Tat Tvam Asi” refers to?
A
Unity of Atman and Brahman
B
Karma theory
C
Maya theory
D
Anekantavada
Question 40Single Answer
In Vaisheshika, a substance that is eternal is called?
A
Anitya
B
Nitya
C
Karya
D
Vikara
Question 41Single Answer
Which of the following is considered Nitya Dravya in Nyaya-Vaisheshika?
A
Soul
B
Mind
C
Body
D
Sound
Question 42Single Answer
According to Nyaya-Vaisheshika, which of the following is Anitya Dravya?
A
Ether
B
Time
C
Space
D
Pot
Question 43Single Answer
How many types of Dravyas are accepted in Vaisheshika philosophy?
A
9
B
7
C
5
D
6
Question 44Single Answer
Which of the following is regarded as Nitya in Vaisheshika system?
A
All of the above
B
Akasha
C
Time
D
Atman
Question 45Single Answer
In Jain philosophy, Pudgala is considered?
A
Purely eternal
B
Eternal and non-eternal
C
Purely non-eternal
D
Illusion
Question 46Single Answer
Which of the following is Anitya according to Jain metaphysics?
A
Pudgala aggregates
B
Dharma
C
Jiva
D
Space
Question 47Single Answer
The destruction of forms but persistence of matter indicates?
A
Satkaryavada
B
Anitya
C
Nitya
D
Maya
Question 48Single Answer
According to Vaisheshika, Akasha is?
A
Illusory
B
Anitya
C
Non-existent
D
Nitya
Question 49Single Answer
The concept of “Karya” (effect) is considered?
A
Eternal
B
Non-eternal
C
Both eternal and non-eternal
D
Illusory
Question 50Single Answer
Which among the following is a Nitya Dravya in Nyaya-Vaisheshika?
A
Mind
B
Body
C
Pot
D
Time
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Philosophy
Question 51Single Answer
The Vaisheshika concept of Paramanu (atoms) is?
A
Illusory
B
Non-eternal
C
Imaginary
D
Eternal
Question 52Single Answer
In Jainism, Jiva is regarded as?
A
Unreal
B
Anitya
C
Nitya
D
False
Question 53Single Answer
The destruction of Jiva is considered?
A
Possible
B
Illusory
C
Temporary
D
Impossible
Question 54Single Answer
The Nyaya-Vaisheshika accepts how many eternal Dravyas?
A
9
B
7
C
6
D
4
Question 55Single Answer
According to Jainism, Dharma and Adharma are?
A
Eternal substances
B
Non-eternal substances
C
Imaginary concepts
D
Modes of Pudgala
Question 56Single Answer
Which school considers sound as Anitya?
A
Mimamsa
B
Nyaya
C
Vedanta
D
Vaisheshika
Question 57Single Answer
According to Nyaya, body is?
A
Eternal
B
Imaginary
C
Illusory
D
Non-eternal
Question 58Single Answer
In Jainism, motion is possible due to?
A
Pudgala
B
Akasha
C
Adharma
D
Dharma
Question 59Single Answer
According to Jain metaphysics, rest is possible due to?
A
Adharma
B
Dharma
C
Pudgala
D
Jiva
Question 60Single Answer
In Vaisheshika, which among the following is Anitya?
A
Mind
B
Time
C
Akasha
D
Atman
Question 61Single Answer
Jain metaphysics explains reality as?
A
Both eternal and non-eternal
B
Non-eternal only
C
Eternal only
D
Illusory
Question 62Single Answer
The Nyaya-Vaisheshika considers “Samanya” as?
A
Imaginary
B
Non-eternal
C
Eternal
D
Illusory
Question 63Single Answer
The momentary nature of phenomena is emphasized by?
A
Jainism
B
Vedanta
C
Buddhism
D
Nyaya
Question 64Single Answer
Jainism explains Dravya as having?
A
Both permanence and change
B
Only change
C
Only permanence
D
Neither permanence nor change
Question 65Single Answer
In Vaisheshika, which of the following is Nitya?
A
Ether
B
Space
C
Time
D
All of the above
Question 66Single Answer
Anitya Dravyas are characterized by?
A
Permanence
B
Illusion
C
Transcendence
D
Destruction and change
Question 67Single Answer
Which is NOT regarded as Nitya Dravya in Vaisheshika?
A
Atman
B
Time
C
Body
D
Ether
Question 68Single Answer
In Jain philosophy, Pudgala in its atomic form is?
A
Non-eternal
B
Non-existent
C
Illusory
D
Eternal
Question 69Single Answer
The aggregation of atoms forming objects is considered?
A
Eternal
B
Imaginary
C
Illusory
D
Non-eternal
Question 70Single Answer
The concept of Anitya Dravya corresponds to?
A
Karana (cause)
B
Karya (effect)
C
Brahman
D
Atman
Question 71Single Answer
Which among the following is considered Anitya in Nyaya-Vaisheshika?
A
Pots
B
Cloth
C
Houses
D
All of the above
Question 72Single Answer
The “indestructibility of soul” belongs to which concept?
A
Anitya
B
Maya
C
Nitya
D
Karya
Question 73Single Answer
Jain doctrine accepts Akasha as?
A
Eternal
B
Non-eternal
C
Illusory
D
Dependent
Question 74Single Answer
In Vaisheshika, Guna (quality) is?
A
Non-eternal
B
Eternal
C
Independent
D
Illusory
Question 75Single Answer
The ultimate cause of change in Jain philosophy is?
A
Adharma
B
Pudgala
C
Akasha
D
Karma
Question 76Single Answer
The distinction between Nitya and Anitya Dravya is explained by?
A
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
B
Vedanta
C
Mimamsa
D
Yoga
Question 77Single Answer
According to Jainism, Jiva is Nitya but its body is?
A
Non-eternal
B
Eternal
C
Illusory
D
Transcendent
Question 78Single Answer
In Vaisheshika philosophy, which Dravya is eternal?
A
All of the above
B
Akasha
C
Time
D
Paramanu
Question 79Single Answer
In Jainism, the combination of eternal and non-eternal aspects in reality illustrates?
A
Anekantavada
B
Satkaryavada
C
Shunyavada
D
Vivartavada
Question 80Single Answer
In Upanishads, Atman is identified with?
A
Brahman
B
Prakriti
C
Karma
D
Dharma
Question 81Single Answer
According to Nyaya, Atman is?
A
Non-existent
B
Perishable
C
Eternal and all-pervasive
D
A product of matter
Question 82Single Answer
Which school denies the existence of Atman?
A
Vedanta
B
Samkhya
C
Buddhism
D
Jainism
Question 83Single Answer
In Jainism, Atman is equated with?
A
Pudgala
B
Karma
C
Jiva
D
Akasha
Question 84Single Answer
The Charvaka school considers Atman as?
A
A product of the body
B
Eternal substance
C
Pure consciousness
D
Liberation
Question 85Single Answer
In Samkhya, Purusha is equivalent to?
A
Matter
B
Karma
C
Atman
D
Maya
Question 86Single Answer
According to Advaita Vedanta, Atman is?
A
Non-eternal
B
Illusory
C
Separate from Brahman
D
Identical with Brahman
Question 87Single Answer
In Nyaya-Vaisheshika, Atman is the substratum of?
A
Karma only
B
Knowledge, desire, and volition
C
Pudgala
D
Akasha
Question 88Single Answer
In Jainism, Jiva attains liberation by?
A
Rituals
B
Sacrifice
C
Worship
D
Removal of karmic matter
Question 89Single Answer
In Buddhism, the doctrine of no-self is called?
A
Shunyavada
B
Kshanikavada
C
Anatmavada
D
Pratityasamutpada
Question 90Single Answer
According to Mimamsa, Atman is primarily known through?
A
Inference
B
Comparison
C
Perception
D
Testimony of Vedas
Question 91Single Answer
The Upanishadic dictum “Ayam Atma Brahma” refers to?
A
Duality of self and Brahman
B
Self is body
C
Self is Brahman
D
Self is non-existent
Question 92Single Answer
In Yoga philosophy, realization of Atman is attained through?
A
Karma
B
Devotion
C
Samadhi
D
Rituals
Question 93Single Answer
Which system regards Atman as plural in number?
A
Advaita Vedanta
B
Both b and c
C
Samkhya-Yoga
D
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
Question 94Single Answer
According to Samkhya, Purusha is?
A
Many and conscious
B
One and unconscious
C
Many and unconscious
D
Illusory
Question 95Single Answer
The doctrine “Tat Tvam Asi” identifies Atman with?
A
Body
B
Brahman
C
Karma
D
Maya
Question 96Single Answer
In Jainism, Jiva and Ajiva together constitute?
A
Maya
B
Reality
C
Karma
D
Illusion
Question 97Single Answer
According to Charvaka, consciousness is?
A
Eternal
B
Emergent property of body
C
Brahman
D
Illusion
Question 98Single Answer
In Buddhism, what continues in the absence of Atman?
A
Permanent soul
B
Consciousness stream
C
Eternal Brahman
D
Jiva
Question 99Single Answer
Which Indian school teaches the theory of transmigration of soul (Atman)?
A
Charvaka
B
Jainism
C
Vedanta
D
Buddhism
Question 100Single Answer
The Advaita view of Atman emphasizes?
A
Plurality of souls
B
Duality of Jiva and Brahman
C
Non-dual reality
D
Illusion of consciousness
Question 101Single Answer
The Buddhist concept of Skandhas explains?
A
Permanent self
B
Atman as Brahman
C
Personality without permanent soul
D
Jiva as eternal
Question 102Single Answer
In Jainism, Atman is of two types:
A
Eternal and temporal
B
Real and unreal
C
Liberated and bound
D
Illusory and permanent
Question 103Single Answer
“Aham Brahmasmi” means?
A
Self is void
B
Self is Brahman
C
Self is karma
D
Self is body
Question 104Single Answer
In Samkhya, bondage of Purusha is due to?
A
Skandhas
B
Maya
C
Karma
D
Ignorance of its distinction from Prakriti
Question 105Single Answer
In Nyaya, Atman is the locus of?
A
All cognitions, desires, and volitions
B
Perception only
C
Karma only
D
Liberation only
Question 106Single Answer
Which school of Indian philosophy most strongly asserts the existence of Atman as Brahman?
A
Advaita Vedanta
B
Buddhism
C
Charvaka
D
Nyaya
Question 107Single Answer
Jain philosophy emphasizes that Atman is covered by?
A
Maya
B
Skandhas
C
Ignorance
D
Karma particles
Question 108Single Answer
In Buddhism, the five Skandhas are taken to be?
A
The true Atman
B
Independent Purusha
C
Eternal Jiva
D
The illusion of self
Question 109Single Answer
According to Yoga, Atman can be realized through?
A
Ritual sacrifices
B
Sense perception
C
Meditation and self-discipline
D
Karma alone
Question 110Single Answer
Which Upanishad emphasizes “Neti, Neti” approach to Atman?
A
Chandogya
B
Brihadaranyaka
C
Katha
D
Isha
Question 111Single Answer
In Samkhya, Purusha is distinct from?
A
Dharma
B
Karma
C
Skandhas
D
Prakriti
Question 112Single Answer
Nyaya believes in how many Atmans?
A
Many
B
One
C
None
D
Illusory
Question 113Single Answer
According to Jainism, Jiva attains perfection when?
A
All karmic matter is destroyed
B
It identifies with Brahman
C
It merges into void
D
It disappears with body
Question 114Single Answer
In Yoga Sutra, Atman is realized by control of?
A
Karma
B
Gunas
C
Citta-vrittis
D
Skandhas
Question 115Single Answer
In Buddhism, denial of Atman leads to emphasis on?
A
Eternal soul theory
B
Karma and rebirth through continuity of processes
C
Unity with Brahman
D
Non-existence of consciousness
Question 116Single Answer
The Upanishadic teaching “Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti” ultimately affirms?
A
Non-existence of Atman
B
Multiplicity of Atman
C
Materialism
D
Oneness of reality as Atman
Question 117Single Answer
The theory of Satkaryavada holds that the effect?
A
Does not pre-exist in cause
B
Has no relation to cause
C
Is an illusion
D
Pre-exists in cause
Question 118Single Answer
Which philosophy supports Satkaryavada?
A
Samkhya
B
Nyaya
C
Charvaka
D
Buddhism
Question 119Single Answer
According to Asatkaryavada, the effect is?
A
Non-existent before production
B
Eternal
C
Always in cause
D
Identical with cause
Question 120Single Answer
The Nyaya-Vaisheshika school supports which theory of causation?
A
Satkaryavada
B
Shunyavada
C
Vivartavada
D
Asatkaryavada
Question 121Single Answer
The doctrine of Vivartavada is upheld by?
A
Samkhya
B
Nyaya
C
Advaita Vedanta
D
Jainism
Question 122Single Answer
According to Vivartavada, the world is?
A
An illusory appearance of Brahman
B
A real transformation of Brahman
C
Independent of Brahman
D
Materially real
Question 123Single Answer
The theory of Parinamavada states that effect is?
A
Apparent
B
Unreal
C
Non-existent
D
Real transformation of cause
Question 124Single Answer
The Buddhist doctrine of Pratityasamutpada means?
A
Independent causation
B
Illusion of causation
C
Dependent origination
D
Eternalism
Question 125Single Answer
In Samkhya, causation is explained through?
A
Akasha
B
Atman
C
Prakriti’s evolution
D
Karma only
Question 126Single Answer
The doctrine “Karya exists in Karana” refers to?
A
Satkaryavada
B
Asatkaryavada
C
Vivartavada
D
Shunyavada
Question 127Single Answer
Nyaya defines cause as?
A
Unconditional and universal antecedent
B
Antecedent non-invariable unconditional
C
Only material reason
D
Purely divine act
Question 128Single Answer
According to Nyaya, Samavayi Karana means?
A
Efficient cause
B
Material cause inhering in effect
C
Instrumental cause
D
Occasional cause
Question 129Single Answer
According to Nyaya, Nimitta Karana is?
A
Material cause
B
Efficient cause
C
Formal cause
D
Final cause
Question 130Single Answer
In Advaita, Maya is considered as?
A
Material cause of world
B
Efficient cause only
C
Both material and efficient cause
D
Not cause at all
Question 131Single Answer
The Samkhya concept of causation supports?
A
Realism
B
Materialism
C
Idealism
D
Illusionism
Question 132Single Answer
The Charvaka school accepts which theory of causation?
A
Satkaryavada
B
Asatkaryavada
C
Random materialism
D
None
Question 133Single Answer
Jainism advocates which theory of causation?
A
Asatkaryavada
B
Vivartavada
C
Anekantavada with Syadvada
D
Parinamavada only
Question 134Single Answer
In Nyaya, Asatkaryavada is also called?
A
Parinamavada
B
Arambhavada
C
Vivartavada
D
Shunyavada
Question 135Single Answer
The relation between cause and effect in Samkhya is of?
A
Identity and difference
B
Absolute difference
C
Absolute identity
D
Illusion
Question 136Single Answer
According to Vedanta, Brahman is?
A
Material cause only
B
Efficient cause only
C
Neither material nor efficient cause
D
Both material and efficient cause
Question 137Single Answer
In Buddhist philosophy, causation denies?
A
Reality of change
B
Dependence of events
C
Conditionality
D
Permanence of substances
Question 138Single Answer
In Samkhya, the seed-tree analogy supports?
A
Vivartavada
B
Satkaryavada
C
Asatkaryavada
D
Shunyavada
Question 139Single Answer
The potter, wheel, and clay are examples used to explain?
A
Asatkaryavada
B
Parinamavada
C
Vivartavada
D
Efficient causation
Question 140Single Answer
In Nyaya, Asamavayi Karana refers to?
A
Efficient cause
B
Inseparable cause like qualities
C
Occasional cause
D
Illusory cause
Question 141Single Answer
In Advaita, Vivarta means?
A
Apparent change
B
Real change
C
Non-change
D
Illusion only
Question 142Single Answer
The clay-pot illustration in Samkhya supports?
A
Asatkaryavada
B
Satkaryavada
C
Vivartavada
D
Shunyavada
Question 143Single Answer
Which school posits that effect is a new beginning, not pre-existent?
A
Samkhya
B
Jainism
C
Vedanta
D
Nyaya-Vaisheshika
Question 144Single Answer
According to Vedanta, Parinamavada is adopted by?
A
Shankara
B
Ramanuja
C
Madhva
D
Nagarjuna
Question 145Single Answer
The theory that effect is unreal until produced is?
A
Satkaryavada
B
Asatkaryavada
C
Vivartavada
D
Shunyavada
Question 146Single Answer
The Buddhist view of causation is also called?
A
Vivartavada
B
Satkaryavada
C
Pratityasamutpada
D
Parinamavada
Question 147Single Answer
The doctrine of “Cause-effect non-difference” is central to?
A
Samkhya
B
Charvaka
C
Nyaya
D
Advaita Vedanta
Question 148Single Answer
The Samkhya theory of causation can also be called?