Which thinker is known for the concept of “Scientific Management”?
A
Henri Fayol
B
Elton Mayo
C
Max Weber
D
F.W. Taylor
Question 19Single Answer
The “Principles of Organization” were first systematically analyzed by?
A
Henry Fayol
B
Gulick and Urwick
C
Chester Barnard
D
L.D. White
Question 20Single Answer
‘Unity of Command’ means?
A
One person should command the whole organization
B
Each employee should receive orders from only one superior
C
Orders should be unified
D
Command structure should be decentralized
Question 21Single Answer
The term “Human Relations” in administration is associated with?
A
Elton Mayo
B
Chester Barnard
C
Max Weber
D
Herbert Simon
Question 22Single Answer
The Hawthorne Experiments were conducted to study?
A
Bureaucratic behavior
B
Labor efficiency
C
Leadership styles
D
Impact of working conditions on productivity
Question 23Single Answer
The behavioral approach in Public Administration emphasizes?
A
Formal structures
B
Efficiency
C
Economic gains
D
Human behavior in organizations
Question 24Single Answer
The focus of the Human Relations School was on?
A
Human needs and motivation
B
Technical efficiency
C
Hierarchical control
D
Bureaucratic structure
Question 25Single Answer
The book ‘Administrative Behavior’ was written by?
A
Luther Gulick
B
Herbert Simon
C
Elton Mayo
D
Chester Barnard
Question 26Single Answer
Herbert Simon criticized the classical theory for its?
A
Lack of realism in human behavior
B
Scientific orientation
C
Empirical base
D
Administrative efficiency
Question 27Single Answer
Who introduced the concept of “bounded rationality”?
A
Elton Mayo
B
Max Weber
C
Herbert Simon
D
Chester Barnard
Question 28Single Answer
Public Administration as a discipline became interdisciplinary during which phase?
A
1940–1950
B
1950–1970
C
1970–1990
D
1990–2000
Question 29Single Answer
The Comparative Public Administration movement was initiated by?
A
Riggs and Heady
B
Ferrel Heady
C
Robert Dahl
D
Dwight Waldo
Question 30Single Answer
The concept of ‘Prismatic Society’ was given by?
A
L.D. White
B
Luther Gulick
C
Herbert Simon
D
Fred W. Riggs
Question 31Single Answer
Who among the following is known for the ‘Ecological Approach’?
A
Fred Riggs
B
Elton Mayo
C
Max Weber
D
Herbert Simon
Question 32Single Answer
The ‘Sala’ and ‘Prismatic’ models are associated with which theory?
A
Bureaucratic Theory
B
Ecological Theory
C
Systems Theory
D
Comparative Administration
Question 33Single Answer
The concept of “Development Administration” emerged in the context of?
A
Developing countries
B
Industrialized nations
C
Socialist systems
D
Colonial administration
Question 34Single Answer
The concept of “Good Governance” was popularized by?
A
United Nations
B
World Bank
C
IMF
D
WTO
Question 35Single Answer
Which of the following emphasizes efficiency and results?
A
New Public Administration
B
New Public Management
C
Good Governance
D
Development Administration
Question 36Single Answer
The term “Governance” focuses on?
A
Interaction between state, civil society, and market
B
Policy-making alone
C
Bureaucratic hierarchy
D
Only political institutions
Question 37Single Answer
Who said that Public Administration is the “heart of modern government”?
A
L.D. White
B
Paul Appleby
C
Luther Gulick
D
Woodrow Wilson
Question 38Single Answer
The New Public Administration movement emphasized?
A
Relevance and social equity
B
Efficiency and economy
C
Rules and hierarchy
D
Structural reforms
Question 39Single Answer
The Minnowbrook Conference of 1968 is associated with?
A
Comparative Administration
B
Bureaucratic Theory
C
Public Choice Theory
D
New Public Administration
Question 40Single Answer
The theme of Minnowbrook I Conference was?
A
Economy and Efficiency
B
Rational Decision-Making
C
Relevance and Change
D
Policy Implementation
Question 41Single Answer
The Minnowbrook Conference was organized under the leadership of?
A
Nicholas Henry
B
Herbert Simon
C
Paul Appleby
D
Dwight Waldo
Question 42Single Answer
The New Public Administration emphasized which key value?
A
Efficiency
B
Social Equity
C
Profitability
D
Bureaucratic Control
Question 43Single Answer
The main focus of New Public Management (NPM) is on?
A
Bureaucratic processes
B
Rule orientation
C
Results and performance
D
Political accountability
Question 44Single Answer
Who is associated with the emergence of New Public Management?
A
Christopher Hood
B
Peter Drucker
C
Dwight Waldo
D
Robert Dahl
Question 45Single Answer
The concept of “Reinventing Government” is related to?
A
Paul Appleby
B
Woodrow Wilson
C
Osborne and Gaebler
D
Herbert Simon
Question 46Single Answer
“Reinventing Government” emphasizes the government as?
A
Provider
B
Regulator
C
Catalyst
D
Controller
Question 47Single Answer
The term “Public Choice Theory” was borrowed from which discipline?
A
Political Science
B
Sociology
C
Economics
D
Psychology
Question 48Single Answer
The main proponent of Public Choice Theory is?
A
James Buchanan
B
Herbert Simon
C
Max Weber
D
Elton Mayo
Question 49Single Answer
Public Choice Theory views individuals as?
A
Rational utility maximizers
B
Political altruists
C
Policy executors
D
Bureaucratic subordinates
Question 50Single Answer
The Public Choice approach advocates?
A
Centralization of authority
B
Bureaucratic hierarchy
C
Market-based mechanisms
D
Administrative secrecy
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Concerned Subject (Public Administration)
Question 51Single Answer
The concept of “Good Governance” includes which of the following elements?
A
All of the above
B
Participation
C
Transparency
D
Rule of Law
Question 52Single Answer
Good Governance aims at?
A
Bureaucratic supremacy
B
Efficient and accountable administration
C
Political domination
D
Administrative secrecy
Question 53Single Answer
Governance is broader than government because it includes?
A
Civil society and private sector
B
Only the executive
C
Only the legislature
D
Judiciary alone
Question 54Single Answer
The major emphasis of governance is on?
A
Networks and partnerships
B
Authority
C
Control and discipline
D
Political parties
Question 55Single Answer
The shift from Government to Governance signifies?
A
Increase in state control
B
Collaboration between public and private sectors
C
Decline of privatization
D
Bureaucratic dominance
Question 56Single Answer
The World Bank defines Good Governance as?
A
Privatization of public services
B
Reduction of public expenditure
C
Political stability
D
Efficient management of resources and institutions
Question 57Single Answer
The main characteristic of Globalization in Public Administration is?
A
Isolationism
B
Nationalism
C
Interdependence
D
Protectionism
Question 58Single Answer
Globalization promotes?
A
Self-sufficiency
B
State monopoly
C
Openness and competitiveness
D
Local governance only
Question 59Single Answer
Globalization has led to?
A
Expansion of bureaucracy
B
Decline in privatization
C
Emergence of global governance institutions
D
Less importance of markets
Question 60Single Answer
Which institution is considered a global governance actor?
A
IMF
B
World Bank
C
WTO
D
All of the above
Question 61Single Answer
The major impact of globalization on public administration is?
A
Managerial reforms and efficiency
B
Increased centralization
C
Reduced accountability
D
Bureaucratic expansion
Question 62Single Answer
New Public Management advocates the concept of?
A
Citizen as worker
B
Citizen as subject
C
Citizen as client
D
Citizen as ruler
Question 63Single Answer
The emphasis of NPM on “doing more with less” refers to?
A
Hierarchical expansion
B
Centralization
C
Downsizing
D
Bureaucratization
Question 64Single Answer
One key principle of NPM is?
A
Bureaucratic secrecy
B
Rigid control
C
Political dominance
D
Flexibility and innovation
Question 65Single Answer
The slogan “Let the managers manage” is associated with?
A
Classical theory
B
NPM
C
Bureaucratic theory
D
Human relations theory
Question 66Single Answer
In NPM, performance is measured through?
A
Outputs and outcomes
B
Rules
C
Political decisions
D
Bureaucratic approvals
Question 67Single Answer
Postmodern Public Administration focuses on?
A
Grand theories
B
Centralized authority
C
Fragmentation and pluralism
D
Uniform structures
Question 68Single Answer
Postmodernism in Public Administration questions?
A
Ethics
B
Diversity
C
Flexibility
D
Rationality and objectivity
Question 69Single Answer
Postmodernism rejects?
A
Multiple perspectives
B
Democratic values
C
Universal truths
D
Plurality
Question 70Single Answer
The postmodern approach emphasizes?
A
Meta-narratives
B
Context, discourse, and subjectivity
C
Bureaucratic rules
D
Scientific certainty
Question 71Single Answer
Which of the following scholars is associated with postmodern public administration?
A
Luther Gulick
B
Charles Fox and Hugh Miller
C
Elton Mayo
D
Fred Riggs
Question 72Single Answer
The book “Postmodern Public Administration” was authored by?
A
Appleby
B
Fox and Miller
C
Herbert Simon
D
L.D. White
Question 73Single Answer
The major feature of postmodern thought is?
A
Relativism
B
Centralization
C
Uniformity
D
Objectivism
Question 74Single Answer
Public Administration as a discipline is considered a/an?
A
Pure science
B
Exact science
C
Applied social science
D
Mathematical science
Question 75Single Answer
Which of the following best describes Public Administration?
A
A normative and behavioral science
B
A value-free activity
C
A closed system
D
A purely technical process
Question 76Single Answer
The main objective of Public Administration is?
A
To ensure political control
B
To favor bureaucracy
C
To increase profits
D
To achieve public interest
Question 77Single Answer
The scope of Public Administration includes?
A
Public policy formulation and implementation
B
Only government functions
C
Private enterprise management
D
Judicial activities
Question 78Single Answer
Which approach focuses on the relationship between administration and environment?
A
Ecological approach
B
Classical approach
C
Bureaucratic approach
D
Behavioral approach
Question 79Single Answer
The “Systems Approach” views administration as?
A
An open system interacting with environment
B
A closed system
C
A rigid hierarchy
D
A static structure
Question 80Single Answer
Feedback mechanism is a feature of?
A
Systems approach
B
Bureaucratic model
C
Classical theory
D
NPM
Question 81Single Answer
The concept of hierarchy is associated with which theorist?
A
Max Weber
B
Elton Mayo
C
Herbert Simon
D
Chester Barnard
Question 82Single Answer
Bureaucracy is characterized by?
A
Rule-bound behavior
B
Informal relations
C
Emotional decision-making
D
Absence of hierarchy
Question 83Single Answer
Weber’s ideal type of bureaucracy is based on?
A
Tradition
B
Charisma
C
Custom
D
Rational-legal authority
Question 84Single Answer
Weber’s bureaucracy emphasizes?
A
Nepotism
B
Merit-based recruitment
C
Hereditary positions
D
Informal hierarchy
Question 85Single Answer
Which of the following is not a feature of bureaucracy?
A
Fixed jurisdiction
B
Personalized decision-making
C
Impersonality
D
Hierarchical structure
Question 86Single Answer
Bureaucracy according to Max Weber functions on the basis of?
A
Emotional authority
B
Charismatic authority
C
Traditional authority
D
Rational-legal authority
Question 87Single Answer
The term “Administrative State” was coined by?
A
Herbert Simon
B
Paul Appleby
C
Dwight Waldo
D
L.D. White
Question 88Single Answer
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Weber’s bureaucracy?
A
Formal hierarchy
B
Selection based on technical competence
C
Written documents
D
Arbitrary decision-making
Question 89Single Answer
The principle of “Unity of Command” prevents?
A
Decentralization
B
Centralization
C
Overlapping authority
D
Departmentalization
Question 90Single Answer
“Span of Control” refers to?
A
Area of operation
B
Degree of centralization
C
Number of subordinates under one superior
D
Level of hierarchy
Question 91Single Answer
The concept of “Informal Organization” was introduced by?
A
Elton Mayo
B
Max Weber
C
Herbert Simon
D
Chester Barnard
Question 92Single Answer
The book “The Functions of the Executive” was written by?
A
Herbert Simon
B
Chester Barnard
C
L.D. White
D
Luther Gulick
Question 93Single Answer
According to Barnard, authority depends upon?
A
Legal power
B
Position
C
Acceptance by subordinates
D
Coercion
Question 94Single Answer
The “Zone of Indifference” is associated with?
A
Elton Mayo
B
Dwight Waldo
C
Herbert Simon
D
Chester Barnard
Question 95Single Answer
The concept of “Decision-making” is central to the theory of?
A
Elton Mayo
B
Max Weber
C
Herbert Simon
D
Henry Fayol
Question 96Single Answer
According to Simon, the decision-making process involves?
A
Command, coordination, reporting
B
Planning, execution, control
C
Identification, analysis, choice
D
Formulation, legislation, enforcement
Question 97Single Answer
The “bounded rationality” concept implies?
A
Human limitations in decision-making
B
Unlimited rationality
C
Total information availability
D
Purely logical decisions
Question 98Single Answer
The term “Satisficing” is used to describe?
A
Maximizing behavior
B
Acceptable rather than perfect solutions
C
Optimal outcomes
D
Indecisive approach
Question 99Single Answer
The Systems Approach was popularized by?
A
Chester Barnard
B
David Easton
C
Herbert Simon
D
Max Weber
Question 100Single Answer
The concept of “input-output analysis” is used in?
A
Bureaucratic theory
B
Comparative administration
C
Human relations
D
Systems theory
Question 101Single Answer
Feedback in a system helps in?
A
Controlling deviations
B
Expanding resources
C
Increasing hierarchy
D
Eliminating structure
Question 102Single Answer
Public Administration is said to have a dual role of?
A
Law making and adjudication
B
Policy formulation and implementation
C
Supervision and legislation
D
Revenue and expenditure
Question 103Single Answer
The term “Public Administration” literally means?
A
Administration of public affairs
B
Management of private affairs
C
Judicial interpretation
D
Political execution
Question 104Single Answer
The concept of “Public Interest” is central to?
A
Public Administration
B
Private management
C
Judicial administration
D
Party politics
Question 105Single Answer
“Public Administration is a cooperative group effort” — who said this?
A
L.D. White
B
F.W. Taylor
C
Simon
D
Fayol
Question 106Single Answer
“The Study of Administration” was published in which year?
A
1877
B
1887
C
1897
D
1907
Question 107Single Answer
The “POSDCORB” framework was intended to?
A
Analyze political structure
B
Describe leadership behavior
C
Establish economic theory
D
Define administrative functions
Question 108Single Answer
Who said that administration is the “art of getting things done”?
A
Chester Barnard
B
Henry Fayol
C
Woodrow Wilson
D
Mary Parker Follett
Question 109Single Answer
The term “Science of Administration” was emphasized by?
A
Appleby
B
Weber
C
Mayo
D
Gulick and Urwick
Question 110Single Answer
The “Principles movement” in Public Administration is also known as?
A
Structural-functional school
B
Neo-classical school
C
Behavioral school
D
Classical school
Question 111Single Answer
The main criticism of the classical theory was its?
A
Overreliance on experiments
B
Emphasis on democracy
C
Ignoring human factor
D
Focus on political values
Question 112Single Answer
The behavioral approach stresses?
A
Strict rules
B
Machine efficiency
C
Human relations and motivation
D
Authority-based control
Question 113Single Answer
The term “Development Administration” was first used by?
A
U.L. Goswami
B
L.D. White
C
Fred Riggs
D
Edward Weidner
Question 114Single Answer
Development Administration aims at?
A
Legal reform
B
Bureaucratic control
C
Political dominance
D
Economic and social change
Question 115Single Answer
The focus of Development Administration is on?
A
Output and productivity
B
Law enforcement
C
Innovation and change
D
Tradition preservation
Question 116Single Answer
The term “Administrative Ecology” was introduced by?
A
Herbert Simon
B
Edward Weidner
C
Fred Riggs
D
Dwight Waldo
Question 117Single Answer
Which approach studies administration in relation to its social environment?
A
Classical approach
B
Ecological approach
C
Behavioral approach
D
Bureaucratic approach
Question 118Single Answer
The “Sala Model” represents?
A
Traditional society
B
Prismatic society
C
Developed society
D
Transitional society
Question 119Single Answer
The “Prismatic Model” represents?
A
Transitional society
B
Developed society
C
Traditional society
D
Bureaucratic society
Question 120Single Answer
The “Fused Model” corresponds to?
A
Hybrid society
B
Modern society
C
Traditional society
D
Post-industrial society
Question 121Single Answer
The Comparative Administration Group (CAG) was formed under?
A
ASPA
B
UNDP
C
World Bank
D
UNESCO
Question 122Single Answer
The focus of Comparative Public Administration is on?
A
Bureaucratic expansion
B
Single country system
C
Cross-national study of administration
D
Industrial management
Question 123Single Answer
Public Administration became a separate academic discipline after?
A
1887
B
1950
C
1947
D
1926
Question 124Single Answer
Who defined Public Administration as “the management of men and materials in the accomplishment of the purposes of the state”?
A
Fayol
B
Simon
C
L.D. White
D
Appleby
Question 125Single Answer
The book “Public Administration in a Time of Turbulence” was written by?
A
Fred Riggs
B
Paul Appleby
C
Herbert Simon
D
Dwight Waldo
Question 126Single Answer
The “Postmodern Public Administration” approach is based on?
A
Rules and procedures
B
Dialogue and discourse
C
Technical rationality
D
Legal formalism
Question 127Single Answer
Postmodernism emphasizes?
A
Uniformity
B
Diversity and multiple realities
C
Rational uniform behavior
D
Predictability
Question 128Single Answer
Governance in the modern era includes?
A
Public-private partnerships
B
Citizens’ participation
C
All of the above
D
Transparency and accountability
Question 129Single Answer
The major objective of e-Governance is?
A
Reduce transparency
B
Reduce accountability
C
Increase red-tapism
D
Enhance citizen service delivery
Question 130Single Answer
The term “Digital Governance” refers to?
A
Manual administration
B
Bureaucratic secrecy
C
Paper-based control
D
ICT-based public service delivery
Question 131Single Answer
Citizen Charter aims to?
A
Restrict citizen access
B
Strengthen political control
C
Increase hierarchy
D
Promote accountability and transparency
Question 132Single Answer
The “Right to Information Act” was enacted in India in which year?
A
2004
B
2005
C
2006
D
2007
Question 133Single Answer
The RTI Act promotes?
A
Administrative secrecy
B
Privatization
C
Political control
D
Transparency in governance
Question 134Single Answer
Accountability in administration ensures?
A
Bureaucratic discretion
B
Inefficiency
C
Centralization
D
Responsiveness and responsibility
Question 135Single Answer
Ethics in Public Administration relates to?
A
Legal interpretation
B
Bureaucratic expansion
C
Moral conduct and values
D
Profit generation
Question 136Single Answer
The “Code of Conduct” in civil services ensures?
A
Personal gain
B
Political loyalty
C
Ethical standards
D
Administrative secrecy
Question 137Single Answer
Public accountability can be enforced through?
A
Parliament and media
B
Judiciary
C
Citizen participation
D
All of the above
Question 138Single Answer
Ombudsman is known in India as?
A
Auditor General
B
Vigilance officer
C
Lokpal
D
Commissioner
Question 139Single Answer
The institution of Lokpal was established in India by?
A
Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act, 2013
B
RTI Act, 2005
C
Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988
D
None of these
Question 140Single Answer
The main function of the Lokpal is to?
A
Conduct elections
B
Frame policies
C
Investigate corruption cases
D
Regulate trade
Question 141Single Answer
Ethics and accountability in administration are essential for?
A
Bureaucracy
B
Centralized control
C
Hierarchy
D
Good governance
Question 142Single Answer
Transparency promotes?
A
Secrecy
B
Trust and confidence
C
Manipulation
D
Centralization
Question 143Single Answer
Globalization has made administration more?
A
Isolated
B
Rigid
C
Competitive and accountable
D
Traditional
Question 144Single Answer
Governance reforms in India emphasize?
A
Bureaucratic rigidity
B
E-Governance and citizen participation
C
Political favoritism
D
Centralization of power
Question 145Single Answer
The “Sevottam Model” in India is related to?
A
Privatization
B
Financial reforms
C
Quality management in public services
D
Administrative secrecy
Question 146Single Answer
The term “Governance” gained prominence in the 1990s through reports of?
A
WTO
B
IMF
C
World Bank
D
OECD
Question 147Single Answer
New Public Governance emphasizes?
A
Centralized control
B
Bureaucratic hierarchy
C
Rule-bound administration
D
Networks and collaboration
Question 148Single Answer
NPM and NPG differ mainly in their focus on?
A
Politics
B
Bureaucracy
C
Market vs. network governance
D
Centralization
Question 149Single Answer
Postmodern Public Administration sees citizens as?
A
Bureaucrats
B
Passive clients
C
Active participants
D
Administrators
Question 150Single Answer
The paradigm shift from government to governance represents?
