Studying ecological interactions among communities
D
Determining biochemical pathways in organisms
Question 7Single Answer
The system of classification based on evolutionary relationships is?
A
Artificial
B
Natural
C
Phenetic
D
Phylogenetic
Question 8Single Answer
Numerical taxonomy is also known as?
A
Cytotaxonomy
B
Phenetics
C
Chemotaxonomy
D
Cladistics
Question 9Single Answer
Cladistics is based on?
A
Overall similarity
B
Morphological data only
C
Shared derived characters
D
Fossil records
Question 10Single Answer
The principle of priority in nomenclature states that?
A
The latest name is accepted
B
The name given by the discoverer is valid
C
The most common name is used
D
The first validly published name is accepted
Question 11Single Answer
A taxon that includes an ancestor and all its descendants is called?
A
Paraphyletic
B
Monophyletic
C
Polyphyletic
D
Artificial
Question 12Single Answer
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) governs?
A
Plant names
B
Viral names
C
Bacterial names
D
Animal names
Question 13Single Answer
The type specimen used when the original is lost is?
A
Neotype
B
Paratype
C
Holotype
D
Syntype
Question 14Single Answer
Two or more names for the same taxon are called?
A
Homonyms
B
Synonyms
C
Tautonyms
D
Basionyms
Question 15Single Answer
A name rejected due to being a junior synonym is called?
A
Valid name
B
Invalid name
C
Objective synonym
D
Subjective synonym
Question 16Single Answer
The ending of superfamily in zoology is?
A
-inae
B
-idae
C
-oidea
D
-acea
Question 17Single Answer
The suffix for subfamily in zoology is?
A
-idae
B
-inae
C
-ini
D
-acea
Question 18Single Answer
Which of the following is an obligatory category?
A
Tribe
B
Cohort
C
Suborder
D
Order
Question 19Single Answer
The concept of "species" based on reproductive isolation is?
A
Morphological species concept
B
Evolutionary species concept
C
Phylogenetic species concept
D
Biological species concept
Question 20Single Answer
The use of DNA sequences in classification is part of?
A
Molecular taxonomy
B
Cytotaxonomy
C
Chemotaxonomy
D
Serotaxonomy
Question 21Single Answer
A dichotomous key is?
A
A pair of contrasting choices
B
A single statement
C
A list of names
D
A phylogenetic tree
Question 22Single Answer
In zoological nomenclature, how is the name of the author following a scientific name conventionally printed?
A
In Roman type
B
In italics
C
Underlined
D
In quotation marks
Question 23Single Answer
The term "tautonym" refers to?
A
Same family and genus
B
Two different species names
C
Same genus and species name
D
Different authors
Question 24Single Answer
Tautonymous scientific names, in which the genus name and specific name are identical, are permitted under?
A
Zoological nomenclature
B
Botanical nomenclature
C
Prokaryotic nomenclature only
D
Viral nomenclature only
Question 25Single Answer
The name Rattus rattus is a?
A
Tautonym
B
Valid name
C
Homonym
D
Synonym
Question 26Single Answer
The publication year of Linnaeusβ Systema Naturae (10th edition) is?
A
1753
B
1766
C
1758
D
1770
Question 27Single Answer
The starting point of zoological nomenclature is?
A
1st January 1800
B
1st January 1753
C
1st January 1700
D
1st January 1758
Question 28Single Answer
Under the ICZN, which statement about the formation of a new zoological scientific name is correct?
A
It must consist only of words derived from classical Latin
B
It must use letters of the Latin alphabet and satisfy the Code's requirements for availability
C
It must always be derived from the geographical origin of the animal
D
It must always be derived from a morphological character
Question 29Single Answer
A name published without description is called?
A
Nomen nudum
B
Nomen dubium
C
Nomen conservandum
D
Nomen rejectum
Question 30Single Answer
Under the ICZN, the Principle of Coordination operates within which groups of names?
A
Family-group, genus-group, and species-group
B
Class-group and phylum-group only
C
Order-group and class-group only
D
Kingdom-group and phylum-group only
Question 31Single Answer
Under the ICZN, the Principle of Priority applies to names belonging primarily to?
A
Family-group, genus-group, and species-group taxa
B
Only species-group taxa
C
Only genus-group taxa
D
Taxa above the family group only
Question 32Single Answer
A name suppressed by ICZN is called?
A
Nomen oblitum
B
Nomen rejectum
C
Nomen conservandum
D
Nomen nudum
Question 33Single Answer
The term "monotypic" refers to a genus with?
A
No species
B
Many species
C
One species
D
Subspecies
Question 34Single Answer
The term "polytypic" refers to a genus with?
A
One species
B
No type
C
Multiple species
D
Multiple types
Question 35Single Answer
The type genus for family Felidae is?
A
Panthera
B
Felis
C
Leo
D
Acinonyx
Question 36Single Answer
Which statement about the names of mammalian orders is correct?
A
They have no universally prescribed ICZN suffix
B
They must always end in -iformes
C
They must always end in -idae
D
They must always end in -inae
Question 37Single Answer
The suffix for class in zoology is?
A
-a
B
-ea
C
-ia
D
No fixed suffix
Question 38Single Answer
The rank between family and order is?
A
Subfamily
B
Cohort
C
Tribe
D
Superfamily
Question 39Single Answer
The rank between genus and species is?
A
Subgenus
B
Super species
C
Section
D
Series
Question 40Single Answer
The term "paraphyletic" group includes?
A
Ancestor and some descendants
B
Ancestor and all descendants
C
Only descendants
D
No ancestor
Question 41Single Answer
The term "polyphyletic" group includes?
A
All descendants
B
Common ancestor
C
Organisms from different ancestors
D
Only one lineage
Question 42Single Answer
The science that uses chemical constituents for classification is?
A
Cytotaxonomy
B
Chemotaxonomy
C
Serotaxonomy
D
Morphotaxonomy
Question 43Single Answer
The use of chromosome banding in taxonomy is part of?
A
Ethnotaxonomy
B
Molecular taxonomy
C
Palynotaxonomy
D
Cytotaxonomy
Question 44Single Answer
The term "cryptic species" refers to?
A
Extinct species
B
Fossil species
C
Morphologically similar but genetically different
D
Hybrid species
Question 45Single Answer
The term "sibling species" is synonymous with?
A
Cryptic species
B
Allopatric species
C
Sympatric species
D
Fossil species
Question 46Single Answer
The taxonomic term βtaxonβ is generally credited to which scientist, who introduced it in 1926?
A
Adolf Meyer-Abich
B
Carolus Linnaeus
C
Charles Darwin
D
Ernst Haeckel
Question 47Single Answer
Who coined the expression βNew Systematicsβ and popularized it through a 1940 volume of that title?
A
Julian Huxley
B
Carolus Linnaeus
C
Gregor Mendel
D
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Question 48Single Answer
The "New Systematics" emphasizes?
A
Morphology only
B
Population and genetics
C
Fossils
D
Anatomy
Question 49Single Answer
Omega taxonomy aims at?
A
A comprehensive understanding of a taxon using information from multiple biological disciplines
B
Naming a species solely from external morphology
C
Preparing only dichotomous identification keys
D
Classifying organisms solely from habitat
Question 50Single Answer
The "Alpha taxonomy" is primarily concerned with?
A
Ecology
B
Phylogeny
C
Description and naming
D
Behavior
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Subject Concerned (Zoology)
Question 51Single Answer
Which work marks the conventional starting point of zoological nomenclature and contains Linnaeus's consistent application of binominal nomenclature to animals?
A
1st edition of Systema Naturae
B
10th edition of Systema Naturae
C
Species Plantarum
D
Philosophia Botanica
Question 52Single Answer
In binomial nomenclature, the first part is?
A
Species
B
Genus
C
Family
D
Order
Question 53Single Answer
The genus name is always?
A
Capitalized
B
Lowercase
C
Italicized only
D
Underlined only
Question 54Single Answer
The specific epithet is always?
A
Capitalized
B
In quotes
C
Bold
D
Lowercase
Question 55Single Answer
Scientific names are printed in?
A
Roman
B
Bold
C
Italics
D
Underline
Question 56Single Answer
In handwritten form, scientific names are?
A
In quotes
B
Circled
C
In brackets
D
Underlined
Question 57Single Answer
The name Homo sapiens was given by?
A
Darwin
B
Mendel
C
Lamarck
D
Linnaeus
Question 58Single Answer
When the genus is changed, the authorβs name is placed in?
A
Quotes
B
Brackets
C
Parentheses
D
Italics
Question 59Single Answer
Example of correct citation: Felis leo (Linnaeus, 1758) is now Panthera leo (Linnaeus, 1758). The author is in?
A
Parentheses
B
No parentheses
C
Brackets
D
Italics
Question 60Single Answer
Which statement correctly describes the zoological name Canis familiaris Linnaeus, 1758?
A
It is an available species-group name originally established by Linnaeus
B
It is a tautonym
C
It is a family-group name
D
It is a genus-group name
Question 61Single Answer
Gorilla gorilla is a?
A
Valid name
B
Homonym
C
Tautonym
D
Trinomial
Question 62Single Answer
Under which nomenclatural code are tautonymous species names such as Gorilla gorilla permitted?
A
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
B
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
C
International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes
D
International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature
Question 63Single Answer
For a new zoological name to be available under the ICZN, its publication must satisfy which general requirement?
A
It must be issued in a work meeting the Code's criteria of publication
B
It must appear exclusively in a printed book
C
It must appear exclusively in a scientific journal
D
It must appear in a newspaper
Question 64Single Answer
Under the ICZN, a new zoological name published after 1930 generally must be accompanied by?
A
A description or definition stating characters that differentiate the taxon, a bibliographic reference to such a statement, or be expressly proposed as a replacement name
B
A Latin diagnosis in every case
C
A DNA sequence in every case
D
A colour illustration in every case
Question 65Single Answer
The type method is based on?
A
Onomatophore (name bearer)
B
Description
C
Illustration
D
DNA
Question 66Single Answer
The holotype is?
A
No specimen
B
Multiple specimens
C
One specimen
D
Fossil only
Question 67Single Answer
Paratypes are?
A
Additional specimens
B
Type specimen
C
Lost specimen
D
No specimen
Question 68Single Answer
Syntypes are used when?
A
Holotype is designated
B
Only one specimen
C
No holotype is designated
D
Fossil
Question 69Single Answer
When no holotype was designated and a nominal species was originally based on syntypes, a lectotype may subsequently be selected from?
A
The syntypes
B
A newly collected specimen
C
An unrelated holotype
D
A neotype
Question 70Single Answer
A neotype may be designated under appropriate ICZN conditions when?
A
No name-bearing type specimen is believed to exist and a new name-bearing type is needed to clarify taxonomic identity
B
A holotype remains available and unambiguous
C
A lectotype has already resolved the identity of the taxon
D
The original description contains no illustrations
Question 71Single Answer
The family name ends in?
A
-inae
B
-idae
C
-oidea
D
-ini
Question 72Single Answer
The superfamily name ends in?
A
-iformes
B
-idae
C
-inae
D
-oidea
Question 73Single Answer
Which of the following is correctly recognized as an insect order?
A
Lepidoptera
B
Formicidae
C
Apoidea
D
Culicidae
Question 74Single Answer
The name Felidae is derived from?
A
Panthera
B
Felis
C
Leo
D
Acinonyx
Question 75Single Answer
The name Canidae is derived from?
A
Vulpes
B
Canis
C
Lupus
D
Felis
Question 76Single Answer
The name Hominidae is derived from?
A
Pongo
B
Pan
C
Gorilla
D
Homo
Question 77Single Answer
The name Formicidae is derived from?
A
Formica
B
Apis
C
Bombus
D
Vespa
Question 78Single Answer
The name Apidae is derived from?
A
Bombus
B
Apis
C
Xylocopa
D
Melipona
Question 79Single Answer
The name Passeriformes is an example of?
A
Genus
B
Family
C
Order
D
Species
Question 80Single Answer
The name Mus musculus is?
A
Rat
B
Mouse
C
Cat
D
Dog
Question 81Single Answer
The name Rattus norvegicus is?
A
House mouse
B
Brown rat
C
Black rat
D
Guinea pig
Question 82Single Answer
The name Panthera tigris is?
A
Lion
B
Leopard
C
Tiger
D
Jaguar
Question 83Single Answer
The name Pan troglodytes is?
A
Chimpanzee
B
Gorilla
C
Orangutan
D
Gibbon
Question 84Single Answer
The name Pongo pygmaeus is?
A
Gorilla
B
Chimpanzee
C
Bonobo
D
Orangutan
Question 85Single Answer
The name Drosophila melanogaster is?
A
Fruit fly
B
House fly
C
Mosquito
D
Butterfly
Question 86Single Answer
The name Apis mellifera is?
A
Wasp
B
Bumble bee
C
Ant
D
Honey bee
Question 87Single Answer
The currently accepted scientific name Duttaphrynus melanostictus refers to the?
A
Asian common toad
B
Indian bullfrog
C
Common Asian tree frog
D
Indian skipper frog
Question 88Single Answer
The name Naja naja is?
A
Viper
B
Cobra
C
Krait
D
Python
Question 89Single Answer
The name Crocodylus palustris is?
A
Mugger
B
Alligator
C
Gharial
D
Caiman
Question 90Single Answer
The name Gavialis gangeticus is?
A
Gharial
B
Alligator
C
Crocodile
D
Caiman
Question 91Single Answer
Animals are?
A
Autotrophic
B
Chemosynthetic
C
Photosynthetic
D
Heterotrophic
Question 92Single Answer
The level of organization in Porifera is?
A
Cellular
B
Tissue
C
Organ
D
Organ system
Question 93Single Answer
The symmetry in Cnidaria is?
A
Bilateral
B
Radial
C
Asymmetrical
D
Biradial
Question 94Single Answer
The germ layer in Porifera is?
A
Diploblastic
B
Triploblastic
C
Monoblastic
D
No germ layer
Question 95Single Answer
Platyhelminthes are?
A
Hemocoelomate
B
Pseudocoelomate
C
Coelomate
D
Acoelomate
Question 96Single Answer
Nematoda are?
A
Acoelomate
B
No body cavity
C
Coelomate
D
Pseudocoelomate
Question 97Single Answer
Annelida are?
A
Acoelomate
B
Pseudocoelomate
C
Coelomate
D
Hemocoelomate
Question 98Single Answer
Arthropoda have?
A
True coelom
B
Pseudocoelom
C
Hemocoel
D
Acoelomate
Question 99Single Answer
Which statement correctly describes the body cavities of molluscs?
A
They possess a reduced true coelom and an extensive hemocoel