Question for RPSC Senior Scientific Officer 2026 - Quiz / Questions / MCQ

Objective Questions

Latest RPSC Senior Scientific Officer Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

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Question Bank RPSC Senior Scientific Officer (Serology Division) Exam - English

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Concerned Subject

Question 1Single Answer

What is the primary function of a plasmid in a bacterial cell ?

A
Energy Production
B
Protein Synthesis
C
Genetic Exchange
D
Cell division

Question 2Single Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of plasmids ?

A
Single-stranded DNA
B
Circular DNA
C
Linear DNA
D
RNA genome

Question 3Single Answer

Bacteriophages primarily infect which type of microorganism ?

A
Bacteria
B
Fungi
C
Protozoa
D
Archaea

Question 4Single Answer

The protein coat of a bacteriophage is called ?

A
Capsid
B
Envelope
C
Nucleocapsid
D
Liposome

Question 5Single Answer

Which of the following is a lytic cycle in bacteriophage replication ?

A
Lysogenic
B
Integration
C
Attachment
D
Bursting

Question 6Single Answer

What is the outermost layer of the epidermis called?

A
Stratum basale
B
Stratum spinosum
C
Stratum corneum
D
Stratum granulosum

Question 7Single Answer

Which layer of the skin contains melanocytes?

A
Stratum corneum
B
Stratum basale
C
Stratum lucidum
D
Stratum granulosum

Question 8Single Answer

What is the primary function of the stratum corneum?

A
Production of melanin
B
Protection against water loss
C
Synthesis of vitamin D
D
Sensory reception

Question 9Single Answer

Which cells in the epidermis produce keratin?

A
Melanocytes
B
Keratinocytes
C
Langerhans cells
D
Merkel cells

Question 10Single Answer

What is the main structural protein found in the epidermis?

A
Collagen
B
Elastin
C
Keratin
D
Fibrin

Question 11Single Answer

Which layer of the epidermis is most prominent in thick skin?

A
Stratum lucidum
B
Stratum spinosum
C
Stratum basale
D
Stratum granulosum

Question 12Single Answer

What is the primary source of blood supply to the epidermis?

A
Dermal papillae
B
Hypodermis
C
Arrector pili muscles
D
Sebaceous glands

Question 13Single Answer

Which type of gland is associated with hair follicles?

A
Sweat gland
B
Sebaceous gland
C
Ceruminous gland
D
Mammary gland

Question 14Single Answer

What is the main function of sebum produced by sebaceous glands?

A
Thermoregulation
B
Lubrication of skin and hair
C
Immune defense
D
Vitamin D synthesis

Question 15Single Answer

Which type of sweat gland is involved in thermoregulation?

A
Apocrine sweat gland
B
Eccrine sweat gland
C
Sebaceous gland
D
Ceruminous gland

Question 16Single Answer

What is the primary structural model of the cell membrane?

A
Unit membrane model
B
Fluid mosaic model
C
Sandwich model
D
Lattice model

Question 17Single Answer

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for its fluidity?

A
Cholesterol
B
Integral proteins
C
Peripheral proteins
D
Glycoproteins

Question 18Single Answer

What is the main function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

A
Structural support
B
Cell recognition
C
Ion transport
D
Energy storage

Question 19Single Answer

Which type of protein spans the entire cell membrane?

A
Peripheral proteins
B
Lipid-anchored proteins
C
Integral proteins
D
Surface proteins

Question 20Single Answer

What is the primary role of the cell membrane in cellular function?

A
Selective permeability
B
Protein synthesis
C
DNA replication
D
Energy production

Question 21Single Answer

Which lipid is most abundant in the cell membrane?

A
Triglycerides
B
Steroids
C
Phospholipids
D
Glycolipids

Question 22Single Answer

What structure in the cell membrane aids in signal transduction?

A
Cholesterol
B
Carbohydrates
C
Phospholipids
D
Receptor proteins

Question 23Single Answer

Which process does not require energy for transport across the cell membrane?

A
Primary active transport
B
Secondary active transport
C
Simple diffusion
D
Endocytosis

Question 24Single Answer

What is the driving force for osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

A
Hydrostatic pressure
B
Concentration gradient
C
Electrical gradient
D
Temperature gradient

Question 25Single Answer

Which transport mechanism uses a carrier protein but no energy directly?

A
Simple diffusion
B
Primary active transport
C
Facilitated diffusion
D
Secondary active transport

Question 26Single Answer

The primary reason for using a systematic search pattern at a crime scene is?

A
To save time
B
To impress the supervisor
C
To avoid disturbing the scene
D
To ensure no area is missed and evidence is not overlooked

Question 27Single Answer

Which search pattern is most suitable for large outdoor areas with no obvious focal point?

A
Spiral search
B
Grid search
C
Zone search
D
Strip/line search

Question 28Single Answer

In a spiral search, the searcher begins from?

A
The center and moves outward
B
The outer perimeter and moves inward
C
One corner only
D
Random points

Question 29Single Answer

Which search method divides the scene into smaller zones or quadrants?

A
Strip search
B
Grid search
C
Zone/quadrant search
D
Spiral search

Question 30Single Answer

The most common search pattern used indoors in a room is?

A
Spiral search
B
Grid or zone search
C
Line search
D
Circular search

Question 31Single Answer

Alternative Light Sources (ALS) are primarily used to detect biological fluids because they?

A
Chemically react with fluids
B
Heat the surface
C
Cause fluorescence or absorption at specific wavelengths
D
Magnify stains

Question 32Single Answer

The wavelength most commonly used to detect semen stains with ALS is?

A
532 nm (green)
B
365 nm (UV)
C
415-450 nm (blue light)
D
650 nm (re

Question 33Single Answer

Semen typically fluoresces?

A
Bright white-blue under blue light (450 nm)
B
Red under UV
C
Green under red light
D
No fluorescence

Question 34Single Answer

Saliva stains under ALS usually show?

A
Weak yellowish-white fluorescence under UV or blue light
B
Strong red fluorescence
C
No fluorescence
D
Purple glow

Question 35Single Answer

Urine typically fluoresces under ALS as?

A
Pale yellow or greenish under UV
B
Bright blue
C
No fluorescence
D
Dark red

Question 36Single Answer

Blood absorbs light strongly at which wavelength, appearing dark?

A
365 nm
B
532 nm
C
415 nm (violet-blue)
D
650 nm

Question 37Single Answer

Which biological fluid does not typically fluoresce strongly under ALS?

A
Blood
B
Semen
C
Saliva
D
Urine

Question 38Single Answer

The orange filter is used with ALS to?

A
Block background fluorescence and highlight semen/saliva
B
Enhance blood visibility
C
Reduce glare
D
Change color of stains

Question 39Single Answer

The primary advantage of using ALS over traditional chemical presumptive tests is?

A
Quantifies DNA
B
Highly specific
C
Confirms species
D
Non-destructive and rapid screening

Question 40Single Answer

Which ALS wavelength is best for detecting latent bloodstains?

A
415 nm (violet)
B
450 nm (blue)
C
532 nm (green)
D
365 nm (UV)

Question 41Single Answer

The Area of Convergence in BPA is determined by?

A
Measuring the diameter of circular stains
B
Tracing back the long axis of elliptical stains
C
Counting the number of stains
D
Using chemical tests

Question 42Single Answer

The Area of Origin is calculated by combining?

A
Area of Convergence and angle of impact
B
Only width of stain
C
Only length of stain
D
Color of stain

Question 43Single Answer

High-velocity spatter is typically produced by?

A
Gunshot or explosion
B
Blunt force trauma
C
Arterial spurting
D
Dripping

Question 44Single Answer

Low-velocity spatter is characterized by?

A
Large, round drops (>4 mm) from dripping
B
Fine mist (<1 mm)
C
Medium-sized stains
D
Elongated stains

Question 45Single Answer

Medium-velocity spatter is usually produced by?

A
Arterial gushing
B
Gunshot
C
Blunt force trauma (beating, stabbing)
D
Free-falling drops

Question 46Single Answer

The shape of a blood drop on a surface indicates?

A
Species origin
B
Only velocity
C
Only volume
D
Angle of impact

Question 47Single Answer

A circular bloodstain indicates an impact angle of?

A
90 degree (perpendicular)
B
10 degree
C
45 degree
D
0 degree

Question 48Single Answer

The narrower the ellipse of a bloodstain, the?

A
Smaller the angle of impact
B
Larger the angle of impact
C
Higher the velocity
D
Lower the velocity

Question 49Single Answer

Cast-off patterns are created by?

A
Arterial spurting
B
Dripping blood
C
Blood flung from a weapon during swing
D
Expirated blood

Question 50Single Answer

Arterial spurting patterns are characterized by?

A
Regular, wave-like or zigzag patterns
B
Random misting
C
Large round drops
D
Small circular stains

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Concerned Subject

Question 51Single Answer

Expirated blood patterns typically show?

A
Large round drops
B
Small, fine droplets with air bubbles
C
Elliptical stains only
D
No bubbles

Question 52Single Answer

Swipe patterns are caused by?

A
Gunshot
B
Dripping blood
C
Contact with a bloodstained object moving across a surface
D
Arterial gushing

Question 53Single Answer

Wipe patterns occur when?

A
Blood is flung
B
A clean object moves through an existing bloodstain
C
Blood drips
D
Blood spurts

Question 54Single Answer

The best search pattern for a vehicle interior is?

A
Spiral search
B
Zone/quadrant search
C
Grid search
D
Line search

Question 55Single Answer

Which fluid fluoresces strongly under 365 nm UV light?

A
Blood
B
Urine and semen (weak to moderate)
C
Saliva only
D
Sweat

Question 56Single Answer

The green filter is commonly used with?

A
532 nm green ALS to detect blood
B
Blue light
C
UV light
D
Red light

Question 57Single Answer

The primary limitation of ALS in biological fluid detection is?

A
Slow process
B
Destroys DNA
C
Non-specificity (other substances may fluoresce)
D
Expensive equipment only

Question 58Single Answer

In BPA, the term "directionality" refers to?

A
The direction blood was traveling
B
The volume of blood
C
The color of blood
D
The age of blood

Question 59Single Answer

Satellite spatter is produced by?

A
A large parent drop striking a surface
B
Arterial spurting
C
Cast-off
D
Expirated blood

Question 60Single Answer

The spines or tails on a blood drop indicate?

A
Species
B
Velocity only
C
Age of stain
D
Direction of travel (towards the tail)

Question 61Single Answer

Which search pattern is used when evidence is in a linear path (e.g., hallway)?

A
Strip/line search
B
Spiral
C
Grid
D
Zone

Question 62Single Answer

ALS photography requires?

A
Long exposure and orange filter
B
Flash only
C
No filter
D
Normal light

Question 63Single Answer

The wavelength 450 nm (blue) is optimal for detecting?

A
Urine only
B
Blood only
C
Semen and saliva
D
Sweat

Question 64Single Answer

In outdoor scenes, the most effective search pattern for large areas is?

A
Grid search with multiple searchers
B
Spiral search
C
Zone search
D
Random search

Question 65Single Answer

Backspatter is blood projected?

A
Sideways
B
Forward only
C
Backward toward the firearm in gunshot wounds
D
Downward

Question 66Single Answer

Flow patterns in blood indicate?

A
Impact angle
B
Velocity
C
Gravity direction and surface texture
D
Origin

Question 67Single Answer

The most reliable presumptive test for blood after ALS is?

A
Luminol or Bluestar
B
All of the above
C
Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)
D
KM (Kastle-Meyer)

Question 68Single Answer

Which ALS wavelength is used for latent fingerprints?

A
532 nm green
B
365 nm UV or 450 nm blue
C
650 nm red
D
Infrared

Question 69Single Answer

The "string method" in BPA is used to determine?

A
Volume
B
Velocity
C
Area of Convergence
D
Age

Question 70Single Answer

Which fluid shows strong fluorescence under 415-450 nm but weak under UV?

A
Semen
B
Blood
C
Urine
D
Saliva

Question 71Single Answer

The primary goal of ALS screening is?

A
Locate potential biological stains for further testing
B
Confirm species
C
Quantify DNA
D
Determine age of stain

Question 72Single Answer

In BPA, the number of spines on a blood drop increases with?

A
Higher velocity impact
B
Lower velocity
C
Perpendicular impact
D
Horizontal surface

Question 73Single Answer

The search pattern that starts from the perimeter and moves inward is called?

A
Outward spiral
B
Inward spiral
C
Grid
D
Zone

Question 74Single Answer

ALS can detect semen stains on dark fabrics by?

A
Using chemical spray only
B
Using red light
C
Using no light
D
Using 450 nm light and orange goggles

Question 75Single Answer

The most common mistake in ALS use is?

A
Using too much light
B
not using the correct filter/goggle combination
C
Using UV only
D
not wearing gloves

Question 76Single Answer

In BPA, a 90 degree impact produces?

A
Linear stain
B
Elliptical stain
C
Circular stain
D
Starburst stain

Question 77Single Answer

The angle of impact for a stain with width/length ratio of 0.5 is approximately?

A
30 degree
B
60 degree
C
90 degree
D
10 degree

Question 78Single Answer

Which pattern indicates a moving blood source?

A
Cast-off or drip trail
B
Pool
C
Flow
D
Swipe

Question 79Single Answer

The best search pattern for a crime scene with a central focal point is?

A
Grid
B
Spiral search
C
Zone
D
Strip

Question 80Single Answer

Semen fluorescence is strongest under?

A
650 nm red
B
365 nm UV
C
532 nm green
D
415-450 nm blue light with orange filter

Question 81Single Answer

Blood appears black under ALS at 415 nm due to?

A
Reflection
B
Fluorescence
C
Strong absorption by hemoglobin
D
Scattering

Question 82Single Answer

The primary use of ALS in sexual assault cases is to detect?

A
Semen and saliva on skin/clothing
B
Blood only
C
Urine only
D
Sweat

Question 83Single Answer

In BPA, the tail of an elongated stain points?

A
Perpendicular
B
Opposite to direction of travel
C
In the direction of travel
D
No tail

Question 84Single Answer

Which search method is best for large crowds or public areas?

A
Grid
B
Spiral
C
Zone
D
Line/strip search with multiple searchers

Question 85Single Answer

Urine fluorescence under UV is due to?

A
Amylase
B
Hemoglobin
C
Prostate-specific antigen
D
Urobilin

Question 86Single Answer

The reason mtDNA shows maternal inheritance is ?

A
Sperm mitochondria are degraded after fertilization
B
Egg mitochondria are more numerous
C
Both A and B
D
Paternal mtDNA is actively excluded

Question 87Single Answer

In forensic science, mtDNA is particularly useful for analyzing ?

A
Nuclear DNA only
B
Fresh blood only
C
Degraded or old biological samples
D
No use

Question 88Single Answer

mtDNA is located in the ?

A
Nucleus
B
Mitochondrial matrix
C
Cytoplasm only
D
Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 89Single Answer

The human mitochondrial genome is ?

A
Circular and ~16,569 bp long
B
Linear and ~3 billion bp
C
Circular and ~3 billion bp
D
Linear and ~16,569 bp

Question 90Single Answer

The number of mitochondria per human cell is typically ?

A
1–10
B
100–1000 (varies by cell type)
C
10,000–100,000
D
Zero

Question 91Single Answer

mtDNA has how many copies per mitochondrion ?

A
No copies
B
1 copy
C
100 copies
D
2–10 copies

Question 92Single Answer

The high copy number of mtDNA makes it ?

A
Less detectable
B
More detectable in degraded samples
C
No advantage
D
Only nuclear

Question 93Single Answer

mtDNA does not undergo ?

A
Recombination (very rare)
B
Mutation
C
Replication
D
Transcription

Question 94Single Answer

The mutation rate of mtDNA is ?

A
10–17 times higher than nuclear DNA
B
Lower than nuclear DNA
C
Same as nuclear DNA
D
No mutation

Question 95Single Answer

In forensic identification of unidentified remains, mtDNA is used for ?

A
Only nuclear
B
Paternal lineage only
C
No matching
D
Maternal lineage matching

Question 96Single Answer

The hypervariable regions in mtDNA used in forensics are ?

A
Only coding regions
B
HV1 and HV2 (D-loop)
C
No regions
D
Only rRNA

Question 97Single Answer

The centromere index is defined as ?

A
Long arm / short arm
B
Length of short arm / total chromosome length × 100
C
No index
D
Only long arm

Question 98Single Answer

Chromosomes are classified based on centromere position into ?

A
Only metacentric
B
Metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric
C
No classification
D
Only acrocentric

Question 99Single Answer

In metacentric chromosomes, the centromere index is approximately ?

A
25–40%
B
<25%
C
40–50%
D
>50%

Question 100Single Answer

Submetacentric chromosomes have centromere index ?

A
40–50%
B
25–40%
C
<25%
D
>50%

Question 101Single Answer

Acrocentric chromosomes have centromere index ?

A
25–40%
B
<25%
C
40–50%
D
No index

Question 102Single Answer

Human autosomes are numbered from ?

A
1 to 23
B
1 to 22 (largest to smallest)
C
X and Y only
D
No numbering

Question 103Single Answer

Sex chromosomes in humans are ?

A
Only X
B
X and Y
C
Only autosomes
D
No sex

Question 104Single Answer

Females have ?

A
XO
B
XY
C
XX sex chromosomes
D
YY

Question 105Single Answer

Males have ?

A
XY sex chromosomes
B
XX
C
XO
D
YY

Question 106Single Answer

The Y chromosome is ?

A
Large like X
B
Small and carries SRY gene
C
No Y
D
Only X

Question 107Single Answer

Trisomy 21 is also known as ?

A
Klinefelter syndrome
B
Turner syndrome
C
Down syndrome
D
No trisomy

Question 108Single Answer

Trisomy 21 is caused by ?

A
Missing chromosome
B
Extra chromosome 21 (47 chromosomes total)
C
No extra
D
Only translocation

Question 109Single Answer

In forensic prenatal testing, Trisomy 21 is detected by ?

A
Only blood test
B
Karyotyping or FISH
C
No detection
D
Only ultrasound

Question 110Single Answer

In unidentified remains, mtDNA is used when ?

A
Only fresh sample
B
Nuclear DNA is degraded
C
No use
D
Only nuclear

Question 111Single Answer

The centromere index helps in ?

A
No classification
B
Classifying chromosomes (karyotyping)
C
Only counting
D
Only length

Question 112Single Answer

Human chromosome 1 is ?

A
Largest metacentric
B
Smallest
C
No chromosome
D
Only acrocentric

Question 113Single Answer

Chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, 22 are ?

A
Acrocentric
B
Metacentric
C
Submetacentric
D
Telocentric

Question 114Single Answer

The X chromosome is ?

A
Only Y
B
Small
C
No X
D
Large submetacentric

Question 115Single Answer

The Y chromosome is ?

A
Large
B
Small acrocentric
C
No Y
D
Only X

Question 116Single Answer

Trisomy 21 individuals have ?

A
48
B
46
C
45
D
47 chromosomes

Question 117Single Answer

Down syndrome is characterized by ?

A
Only tall stature
B
Intellectual disability, flat face, single palmar crease
C
No characteristics
D
Only short

Question 118Single Answer

In forensic unidentified remains, mtDNA matching is done with ?

A
Only siblings
B
Paternal only
C
No matching
D
Maternal relatives

Question 119Single Answer

mtDNA does not recombine, so it is ?

A
Recombined
B
Identical along maternal line (except mutations)
C
No identical
D
Only paternal

Question 120Single Answer

The mutation rate in mtDNA is used for ?

A
Only nuclear
B
No mutation
C
Phylogenetic and forensic dating
D
Only protein

Question 121Single Answer

The D-loop in mtDNA is ?

A
Only rRNA
B
Coding region
C
No loop
D
Hypervariable control region

Question 122Single Answer

In degraded samples, mtDNA is preferred because ?

A
Low copy
B
High copy number per cell
C
No preference
D
Only nuclear

Question 123Single Answer

The centromere is the site of ?

A
Kinetochore attachment
B
No attachment
C
Only telomere
D
Only origin

Question 124Single Answer

The centromere index is calculated as ?

A
Short arm length / total length × 100
B
Long arm / short arm
C
No index
D
Only long arm

Question 125Single Answer

Metacentric chromosomes have centromere near ?

A
No centromere
B
End
C
Middle
D
Only telomere

Question 126Single Answer

Acrocentric chromosomes have centromere near ?

A
One end
B
Middle
C
No centromere
D
Only satellite

Question 127Single Answer

Human chromosomes 1, 3, 19 are ?

A
Metacentric
B
Acrocentric
C
Submetacentric
D
Telocentric

Question 128Single Answer

Trisomy 21 is most commonly caused by ?

A
No nondisjunction
B
Nondisjunction during meiosis I
C
Only translocation
D
Only mosaic

Question 129Single Answer

The incidence of Down syndrome increases with ?

A
No increase
B
Paternal age
C
Maternal age
D
Only child age

Question 130Single Answer

In prenatal forensic testing, Trisomy 21 is detected by ?

A
Only blood
B
Only ultrasound
C
No detection
D
Amniocentesis + karyotyping

Question 131Single Answer

mtDNA is useful in ?

A
Only fresh tissue
B
Identifying skeletal remains via maternal relatives
C
No use
D
Only nuclear

Question 132Single Answer

The human mtDNA encodes ?

A
Only DNA
B
All proteins
C
No encoding
D
13 proteins, 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs

Question 133Single Answer

The non-coding region in mtDNA is ?

A
Coding only
B
D-loop (control region)
C
No region
D
Only tRNA

Question 134Single Answer

The highest mtDNA variability is in ?

A
Coding regions
B
Hypervariable regions I and II
C
No variability
D
Only rRNA

Question 135Single Answer

In forensic casework, mtDNA is used when ?

A
Nuclear DNA is insufficient or degraded
B
Only nuclear
C
No use
D
Only blood

Question 136Single Answer

The centromere index for chromosome 2 is approximately ?

A
<25%
B
50%
C
38–45% (submetacentric)
D
>50%

Question 137Single Answer

Chromosome 21 is ?

A
Small acrocentric
B
Large metacentric
C
No chromosome
D
Only X

Question 138Single Answer

Trisomy 21 karyotype is written as ?

A
46,XX
B
47,XX,+21 or 47,XY,+21
C
45,X
D
47,XXY

Question 139Single Answer

In mosaic Down syndrome, the karyotype is ?

A
Mixture of 46 and 47 cells
B
Only 47
C
No mosaic
D
Only 45

Question 140Single Answer

Translocation Down syndrome is ?

A
No translocation
B
Robertsonian translocation (21q;14q or 21q;21q)
C
Only nondisjunction
D
Only mosaic

Question 141Single Answer

The risk of translocation Down syndrome is higher in ?

A
Offspring of carrier parents
B
No risk
C
Only maternal age
D
Only paternal

Question 142Single Answer

mtDNA is useful in ?

A
Inclusion only
B
Exclusion of paternity (maternal line)
C
No use
D
Only nuclear

Question 143Single Answer

The number of mtDNA hypervariable regions used in forensics is ?

A
HV1 and HV2
B
Only HV1
C
No regions
D
Only coding

Question 144Single Answer

The length of HV1 region in mtDNA is ?

A
No length
B
1000 bp
C
~340 bp
D
Only 100 bp

Question 145Single Answer

The length of HV2 region is ?

A
Only 100 bp
B
1000 bp
C
No length
D
~340 bp

Question 146Single Answer

Which sphere of the Earth contains all living organisms?

A
Atmosphere
B
Biosphere
C
Lithosphere
D
Hydrosphere

Question 147Single Answer

The major component of the atmosphere by volume is?

A
Oxygen (~21%)
B
Nitrogen (~78%)
C
Carbon dioxide (~0.04%)
D
Argon (~0.93%)

Question 148Single Answer

The layer of the atmosphere where the ozone layer is primarily located is?

A
Thermosphere
B
Troposphere
C
Mesosphere
D
Stratosphere

Question 149Single Answer

The hydrological cycle is mainly associated with which environmental sphere?

A
Atmosphere
B
Hydrosphere
C
Lithosphere
D
Biosphere

Question 150Single Answer

Which process in the hydrological cycle returns water vapour to the atmosphere?

A
Precipitation
B
Evaporation and transpiration
C
Infiltration
D
Runoff

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