Question Bank
TSPSC Deputy Surveyor Exam - English
Duration: 180 ยท Questions: 150 ยท Max Marks: 150 ยท Language: 3
GK
1
The Scheme 'HRIDAY' is related to
2
'Sabla' scheme is meant for empowerment of
3
What was the currency of Hyderabad State during the period of last Nizam ?
4
"Telangana Palle Pragathi" project was launched in the Village of
5
Name of the Bank founded by the last Nizam of Hyderabad Mir Osman Ali Khan is
6
Who construted the 'Masaheba' tank in Hyderabad ?
7
Who established the State Depressed Classes Association in Hyderabad?
8
Which of the following committee was appointed by the VII Nizam to suggest Constitutional Reforms ?
9
Which Landlord donated his lands during the Bhoodan Movement in Telangana ?
10
Who was the incharge of 'port - Cities' during Qutubshahi period ?
11
For the maintenace of the Hyderabad Contingent Forces, which area was surrendered to the British by the Nizam's Government ?
12
Who was the founder of the Salarjung Museum in Hyderabad?
13
Which of the following district has the lowest HDI (Human Development Index) In Telangana State?
14
Which district has the lowest population in Telangana State as per 2011 Census ?
15
Density of population in Telangana as per 2011 Census
16
Which of the following is the leading Rice crop producing district in Telangana State ?
17
Second largest district in Telangana State, area - wise is
18
Least Urbanized district in Telangana as per 2011 Cesus is
19
Tank irrigation area predominantly found in the district of
20
'Gusadi' Dance is popular in which district of Telangana ?
21
The other popular name of Komaravelli Veerabhadra Swamy is
22
Name the Village of Telangana, in which coal was found for the first time .
23
Who established the Asian Largest Sugar Factory in Shakkar Nagar ?
24
How many Mandals of Khammam District are merged in Andhra Pradesh after bifurcation of the State ?
25
Where is the 100 pillar temple located ?
26
The Dandora Movement was launched for the purpose of
27
Which district in Telangana has the highest number of cement factories ?
28
Munneru River flows through which district of Telangana ?
29
In which district of Telangana the Amrabad Tiger Reserve is located ?
30
The Gun Park in Hyderabad is built to commemorate
31
Which of the following is NOT associated with the Krishna river ?
32
The Indian Tsunami Early Warning Centre is located at
33
The first Geographical Indication in Telangana area was registered in respect of the following goods :
34
Who is the famous Oggukatha Artist ?
35
In Telangana which district is known for Silver Filigree ?
36
In Telangana the Nallamala Forests are spread in
37
Nataraja Ramakrishna is an expert of which dance form ?
38
Pillala Marri is situated in the district of
39
The first Open university of India was established in
40
As per 2011 Census density of population in Telangana State is :
41
Hyderabad Tenancy and Agricultural Land Act was enacted in the year
42
Which district has the highest ST population share in its total population ?
43
Major Source of irrigation for agricultural in the Telangana State :
44
As per 2011 Census lowest literacy rate district in Telangana State :
45
In Telanagana 'Budubunga' is
46
Secundarabad was named after whom ?
47
Identify the commander-in-chief who led the Nizam's Army during the Operation Polo :
48
The Mozam Jahi Market in Hyderabad was named after
49
The Hali Sicca was introduced by
50
During the 1857 revolt in Hyderabad Turrebaz khan was shot dead at
51
Khilashapuram in Warangal district was associated with
52
Prataparudra-Yashobushanam was wirtten by
53
Chakali Ailamma fought against the Landlord of
54
For which novel Ampa shayya Naveen got 'Kendra Sahitya Academy' award ?
55
'Maneru' river is a tributary of
56
The Devadasi / Jogini system prevalent in Telangana would be violative of which of the fundamental rights ?
57
Which town was the district head-quarter prior to formation of mahaboobnagar district ?
58
The total number of tanks/lakes proposed to desilted under the scheme of 'Mission Kakatiya' of Telangana Government :
59
Who is the author of famous song "Jaya Jayahe Telangana" ?
60
Name the pension scheme launched by the Telangana Government .
61
Which country holds the BRICS Chairmanship in 2026?
62
What is the theme of Indiaโs BRICS Chairmanship 2026?
63
Where was the BRICS Foreign Ministers' Meeting held in May 2026?
64
Which summit on Artificial Intelligence was hosted by India in February 2026?
65
Where was the India AI Impact Summit 2026 organized?
66
Which ministry organized the India AI Impact Summit 2026?
67
Which city is expected to host the G20 Summit 2026?
68
Which country is scheduled to host the BRICS Summit 2026?
69
Which country is expected to host COP31 Climate Summit 2026?
70
Which city hosted the Regional AI Impact Conference 2026?
71
The Rajasthan AI-ML Policy 2026 was launched during which conference?
72
Which city hosted the 23rd BioAsia International Summit 2026?
73
What was the theme of BioAsia International Summit 2026?
74
Which city hosted the 9th IONS Conclave of Chiefs 2026?
75
What was the theme of the 9th IONS Conclave of Chiefs 2026?
Civil
1
One bag of Portland cement, 50 kg in weight, would normally have a bulk volume of
2
AsCu, a preservative for wood, developed by the Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, comprises of chemicals:
3
Consider the following statements related to autoclave bricks:
1.Less water absorption compared to other bricks.
2.Noise reduction
3.It is cheap compared to other types of bricks.
4.Requirement of bulk volume of mortar in joints being relatively less compared to other types of brick masonry.
5.Not recommended for outer walls.
Which of the above statements are relevant to the use of ‘autoclave’ bricks?
1.Less water absorption compared to other bricks.
2.Noise reduction
3.It is cheap compared to other types of bricks.
4.Requirement of bulk volume of mortar in joints being relatively less compared to other types of brick masonry.
5.Not recommended for outer walls.
Which of the above statements are relevant to the use of ‘autoclave’ bricks?
4
The minimum number of annular rings to be seen in every 2.54 cm in the radial direction from the core for timber to be classified as ‘Dense’ is
5
If the actual thickness of a brick masonry wall is 19 cm, its effective length is 2.70 m, its effective height is 2.82 m and its code specified stiffening coefficient is 1.2 then, for design considerations, the slenderness ratio of the wall will be taken as
6
Consider the following forms of water in a hydrated cement paste:
1.Capillary water
2.Chemically combined water
3.Interlayer water
4.Adsorbed water
Which of the above forms of water will, on its/their removal, cause shrinkage of the paste?
1.Capillary water
2.Chemically combined water
3.Interlayer water
4.Adsorbed water
Which of the above forms of water will, on its/their removal, cause shrinkage of the paste?
7
Consider the following statements:High early strength of cement is obtained as a result of
1.Fine grinding.
2.Decreasing the lime content
3.Burning at higher temperature
4.Increasing the quality of gypsum.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Fine grinding.
2.Decreasing the lime content
3.Burning at higher temperature
4.Increasing the quality of gypsum.
Which of the above statements are correct?
8
Consider the following statements related to ‘composite mortar’:
1.Addition of lime to cement mortar improves its workability
2.Composite mortar is obtained by adding 10% by weight of cement and mixing with water.
3.Composite mortar is not preferred in tall buildings.
4.Mechanical grinding is essential for developing composite mortar.Which of the above statements are true in this case?
1.Addition of lime to cement mortar improves its workability
2.Composite mortar is obtained by adding 10% by weight of cement and mixing with water.
3.Composite mortar is not preferred in tall buildings.
4.Mechanical grinding is essential for developing composite mortar.Which of the above statements are true in this case?
9
Consider the following statements related to ‘non-destructive testing’ of concrete:
1.Indentation test is used to assess the quality of concrete.
2.Resonant Frequency Method is based on a laboratory test.
3.Compressive strength of concrete is estimated through Pulse Velocity Measurement.
4.Dynamic modulus of Elasticity is determined by a Sonometer Test.
5.Thickness of concrete can be estimated by in-situ Rebound Hammer Test.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Indentation test is used to assess the quality of concrete.
2.Resonant Frequency Method is based on a laboratory test.
3.Compressive strength of concrete is estimated through Pulse Velocity Measurement.
4.Dynamic modulus of Elasticity is determined by a Sonometer Test.
5.Thickness of concrete can be estimated by in-situ Rebound Hammer Test.
Which of the above statements are correct?
10
What is the amount of water required for a workable RC of mix 1 : 2: 4 by weight., when W/C is 0-60 and unit weight of concrete is 2400 kg/m3?
11
Which IS code is used for classification of timber for seasoning purposes?
12
Consider the following with regard to the application of preservation of timber:
1.Increase in the life span of the member
2.Increase in the strength of the timber
3.Removal of moisture
4.Prevention of growth of fungi by killing them
Which of the above are correct?
1.Increase in the life span of the member
2.Increase in the strength of the timber
3.Removal of moisture
4.Prevention of growth of fungi by killing them
Which of the above are correct?
13
The plies in plywood are so placed that the grains of each ply are
14
Which of the following is an ODD one as regards ‘requirement of good brick-earth’?
15
The compressive strength of heavy-duty bricks, as per IS : 2980-1962, should not be less than
16
Consider the following statements:
1.Brickwork will have high water tightness.
2.Brickwork is preferred for monument structures.
3.Bricks resist fire better than stones
4.Bricks of good quality shall have thin mortar bonds.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Brickwork will have high water tightness.
2.Brickwork is preferred for monument structures.
3.Bricks resist fire better than stones
4.Bricks of good quality shall have thin mortar bonds.
Which of the above statements are correct?
17
Consider the following statements:A good soil for making bricks should contain
1.30% alumina
2.10% lime nodules
3.Only small quantity of iron oxides
4.15% magnesia
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.30% alumina
2.10% lime nodules
3.Only small quantity of iron oxides
4.15% magnesia
Which of the above statements are correct?
18
Which compound of cement is responsible for strength of cement?
19
Which type of cement is recommended in large mass concrete works such as a dam?
20
Consider the following statements regarding ‘setting of cement’:
1.Low-heat cement sets faster than OPC.
2.Final setting time decides the strength of cement
3.Initial setting time of Portland Pozzollona is 30 minutes
4.Air-induced setting is observed when stored under damp conditions.
4.Addition of gypsum retards the setting time.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Low-heat cement sets faster than OPC.
2.Final setting time decides the strength of cement
3.Initial setting time of Portland Pozzollona is 30 minutes
4.Air-induced setting is observed when stored under damp conditions.
4.Addition of gypsum retards the setting time.
Which of the above statements are correct?
21
Consider the following statements regarding ‘strength of cement’:
1.Strength test on cement is made on cubes of cement-sand mix.
2.Water to be used for the paste is 0.25 P, where P is the water needed for normal consistency.
3.The normal consistency is determined on Le Chatelier’s principle.
4.Cubes are cast in two layers in leak-proof moulds further compacted in each layer by vibration on a machine.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Strength test on cement is made on cubes of cement-sand mix.
2.Water to be used for the paste is 0.25 P, where P is the water needed for normal consistency.
3.The normal consistency is determined on Le Chatelier’s principle.
4.Cubes are cast in two layers in leak-proof moulds further compacted in each layer by vibration on a machine.
Which of the above statements are correct?
22
Which of the following ingredients refer to binding material of mortar?
1.Cement
2.Lime
3.Sand
4.Ashes
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1.Cement
2.Lime
3.Sand
4.Ashes
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
23
Consider the following statements:
1.Bricks in masonry are bound by mortar.
2.Mortars make brick damp-proof.
3.Strength of brick in masonry is improved by plastering.
4.Addition of lime improves workability.
5.Marine construction needs sulphate-resistant cement mortar.
Which of the above statements are relevant for ‘cement mortar’?
1.Bricks in masonry are bound by mortar.
2.Mortars make brick damp-proof.
3.Strength of brick in masonry is improved by plastering.
4.Addition of lime improves workability.
5.Marine construction needs sulphate-resistant cement mortar.
Which of the above statements are relevant for ‘cement mortar’?
24
Consider the following parameters of concrete:
1.Impermeability
2.Compactness
3.Durability
4.Desired consistency
5.Workability
Which of the above parameters are relevant for ‘water-cement ratio’?
1.Impermeability
2.Compactness
3.Durability
4.Desired consistency
5.Workability
Which of the above parameters are relevant for ‘water-cement ratio’?
25
Consider the following statements:Presence of Na2O and K2O in concrete leads to
1.Expansive reaction in concrete
2.Cracking of concrete
3.Disruption of concrete
4.Shrinkage of concrete
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Expansive reaction in concrete
2.Cracking of concrete
3.Disruption of concrete
4.Shrinkage of concrete
Which of the above statements are correct?
26
The maximum total quantity of dry aggregate by mass per 50 kg of cement, to be taken as the sum of the individual masses of fine and coarse aggregates (kg), for M20 grade of concrete is
27
Absorption capacity of an aggregate refers to the difference expresses in appropriate proportion in water content between
28
Consider the following statements concerning ‘elasticity of concrete’:
1.Stress-strain behavior of concrete is a straight line up to 10% ultimate stress.
2.Strain determination is obtained from tangent modulus.
3.Modulus of elasticity of concrete is also called as secant modulus.
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Stress-strain behavior of concrete is a straight line up to 10% ultimate stress.
2.Strain determination is obtained from tangent modulus.
3.Modulus of elasticity of concrete is also called as secant modulus.
Which of the above statements are correct?
29
Consider the following statements :The addition of CaCl2 in concrete results in
1.Increased shrinkage
2.Decreased setting time
3.Decreased shrinkage
4.Increased setting time
Which of the above statements are correct?
1.Increased shrinkage
2.Decreased setting time
3.Decreased shrinkage
4.Increased setting time
Which of the above statements are correct?
30
Which of the following statements are correct ?
1.Knots in a tree affect the continuity of fibres.
2.Nail knots do not influence the strength of timber.
3.Druxiness of wood is not a defect.
4.Tall trees with twisted fibers give good timber for poles.
1.Knots in a tree affect the continuity of fibres.
2.Nail knots do not influence the strength of timber.
3.Druxiness of wood is not a defect.
4.Tall trees with twisted fibers give good timber for poles.
31
Excrescences in wood are
1.Defects found in trees
2.Formed due to injuries inflicted on trees when they are growing
3.Defects which render wood suitable as firewood only
1.Defects found in trees
2.Formed due to injuries inflicted on trees when they are growing
3.Defects which render wood suitable as firewood only
32
What treatment is adopted for making timber fire-resistant?
33
Deterioration of structure of timber due to dry rot is:
1.Caused by fungi
2.Due to dry-spell after heavy rains
3.Due to attack of termites
4.ndicated by surface stripes on scantlings
1.Caused by fungi
2.Due to dry-spell after heavy rains
3.Due to attack of termites
4.ndicated by surface stripes on scantlings
34
Alternate wetting and drying of timber :
1.Results in shrinkage and swelling
2.Brings about wet rot onset
3.Increases the durability
4.Causes transmission of spores from germination
1.Results in shrinkage and swelling
2.Brings about wet rot onset
3.Increases the durability
4.Causes transmission of spores from germination
35
As per I.S. classification, the minimum compressive strength of a first class brick should be
36
When provided with alternating courses of (a) all headers and (b) all stretchers, the front elevation of such brick masonry is designated as
37
I.S. code specifies that the compressive strength of brick shall be determined by keeping the brick:
1.On edge
2.On bed
3.After soaking in water for 2 hrs
4.After soaking in water for 24 hrs
1.On edge
2.On bed
3.After soaking in water for 2 hrs
4.After soaking in water for 24 hrs
38
Soundness test of cement is carried out to determine its
39
The objectives of producing cement include:
1.Incorporating industrial wastes
2.Increasing free lime
3.Increasing fineness
4.Saving energy needed in the process
1.Incorporating industrial wastes
2.Increasing free lime
3.Increasing fineness
4.Saving energy needed in the process
40
A mild steel rod tapers uniformly from 24 mm mm dia. over its length of 400 mm. The rod when held vertical is subjected to an axial tensile load of 12 kN. E = 2 × 105 N/mm2. The extension of the rod in mm would be:
41
Two different liquids are flowing through different pipes of the same diameter. In the first pipe, the flow is laminar with centerline velocity,Vmax.1,Whereas in the second pipe, the flow is turbulent. For turbulent flow, the average velocity is 0.82 times the centerline velocity,vmax.2 . For equal volumetric flow rates in both the pipes, the ratio Vmax.1/Vmax.2(up to two decimal place) is_____.
42
Poisson’s ratio of a material is 0.3. Then the ratio of Young’s modulus to bulk modulus is
43
For a gas phase cracking reaction A→B+C at 300รขโฦ , the Gibbs free energy of the reaction at this temperature is รขหโ G°= -2750J/mol . The pressure is 1 bar and the gas phase can be assumed to be ideal. The universal gas constant =8.314J/mol. K. The fractional molar conversion of A at equilibrium is________.
44
Which of the following statements are correct ?
1.In a ductile material elastic deformation is more predominant than plastic one.
2.Brittleness is not an absolute property of a metal.
3.Rate of loading has no influence in changing the behavior of a metal from ‘ductile’ to ‘brittle’ at low temperatures
4.Under hydrostatic compression, a brittle metal may change into a ductile one.
1.In a ductile material elastic deformation is more predominant than plastic one.
2.Brittleness is not an absolute property of a metal.
3.Rate of loading has no influence in changing the behavior of a metal from ‘ductile’ to ‘brittle’ at low temperatures
4.Under hydrostatic compression, a brittle metal may change into a ductile one.
45
The total deflection of a structure when subjected simultaneously to different sets of loading is equal to the sum of the deflections under each such set of loads as if acting separately on the structure. Which one the following justifies this statement?
46
A rectangular bar of cross-sectional area a is subjected to an axial tensile load P. The maximum shear stress will occur on a plane at X° to any normal cross-section where X° is
47
A solid circular shaft has been subjected to a pure torsion moment. The ratio of maximum shear stress to maximum normal stress at any point would be
48
Which of the following statements are correct?
1.All load carrying members transmit load through basic modes of tension, compression, torsion and shear only.
2.Beams carry transverse loads.
3.Combined loading is a complicated loading.
4.Nature of internal forces decides the aspect of combines loading.
1.All load carrying members transmit load through basic modes of tension, compression, torsion and shear only.
2.Beams carry transverse loads.
3.Combined loading is a complicated loading.
4.Nature of internal forces decides the aspect of combines loading.
49
Identify the WRONG statement amongst the following:
50
Which of the following statements are correct?
1.Experimental results on thin-walled tubes show that maximum normal stress theory is valid.
2.Normal-stress theory is valid in case of brittle materials.
3.In case of pure shear, St. Venant’s theory is more valid than other theories.
4.Tresca’s theory is very closely substantiated by experimental results.
5.In maximum stress theory, the yield locus is a hexagon.
1.Experimental results on thin-walled tubes show that maximum normal stress theory is valid.
2.Normal-stress theory is valid in case of brittle materials.
3.In case of pure shear, St. Venant’s theory is more valid than other theories.
4.Tresca’s theory is very closely substantiated by experimental results.
5.In maximum stress theory, the yield locus is a hexagon.
51
A thin cylindrical shell made of mild steel plate is 1000 mm in diameter. It is to be subjected to an internal pressure of 2 N/mm2. If the material yields at 200N/mm2, the thickness of the plate in mm on the basis of Rankine’s theory of failure with assuming a factor of safety of 3 would be
52
Which of the following can change if only the catalyst is changed for a reaction system?
53
Which of the following loads should be applied on a simply supported beam, so that the shear force is constant throughout its span?
54
A simply supported rolled steel joist of I-section has flange width 250 mm and overall depth 600 mm. Its moment of inertia IXX = 12 × 106 mm4. The steel joist is used as a beam over a simply supported span of 6m. It carries a load of 40 kN/m including its self weight throughout the span. The maximum stress induced in the beam in N/mm2 due to bending would be
55
Which of the following terms represents the torque that produces a twist of one radian in a shaft of unit length?
56
A 60 mm dia. shaft is subjected to a torque of 6 kN-m. C = 8 × 104 N/mm2. The maximum shear stress induced in the shaft in N/mm2will be
57
A water main 160 cm dia. contains water at a pressure head of 200m. Take weight of water to be 1000 kg/m3. The thickness of the metal shell required for the water main, given that the maximum permissible stress in the metal is 400kg/cm2, will be
58
The radial splits which are wider on the outside of the log and narrower towards the pith are known as
59
Consider the following distinguishing characteristics of hardwood:
1.They have distinct annular rings.
2.They are not resinous.
Which of these characteristics of hardwood is/are correct?
1.They have distinct annular rings.
2.They are not resinous.
Which of these characteristics of hardwood is/are correct?
60
Consider the following statements on the specific gravity of wood:
1.It is always greater than 2.
2.It is less than 1.
3.It is not dependent upon temperature and equilibrium moisture content.
Which of these statements are correct?
1.It is always greater than 2.
2.It is less than 1.
3.It is not dependent upon temperature and equilibrium moisture content.
Which of these statements are correct?
61
The age of a log of timber can be estimated by
62
Consider the following statements:Seasoning of timber results in
1.Increased strength
2.Increased durability
3.Reduced resilience
4.Increased dimensional stability
Which of these statements are correct?
1.Increased strength
2.Increased durability
3.Reduced resilience
4.Increased dimensional stability
Which of these statements are correct?
63
Match List-I and List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I List-II
Plywood 1. Furniture
Fiberboard 2. Cantilever arches
Laminated lumber 3. Insulation
Commercial blockboard 4. Lining of form-work in concrete
Codes:
List-I List-II
Plywood 1. Furniture
Fiberboard 2. Cantilever arches
Laminated lumber 3. Insulation
Commercial blockboard 4. Lining of form-work in concrete
Codes:
64
Consider the following statements:Perforated bricks are preferred in construction since
1.They are lighter
2.They are stronger than class 1 bricks
3.They have heat-insulating properties
4.They are cheaper and need less mortar
Which of these statements are correct?
1.They are lighter
2.They are stronger than class 1 bricks
3.They have heat-insulating properties
4.They are cheaper and need less mortar
Which of these statements are correct?
65
The standard size of a brick is
66
Consider the following statements:More than 6% magnesium oxide by weight in cement results in
1.High early strength and high heat generation
2.Less tendency towards volume change and formation of cracks
Which of these statements is/are correct?
1.High early strength and high heat generation
2.Less tendency towards volume change and formation of cracks
Which of these statements is/are correct?
67
Fineness if cement is measured in the units of
68
The initial setting time of cement depends most on
69
Consider the following statements:Sand in cement mortar is used for
1.Increasing the strength
2.Reducing the shrinkage
3.Decreasing the surface area of the binding material
4.Decreasing the quantity of cement
Which of these statements are correct?
1.Increasing the strength
2.Reducing the shrinkage
3.Decreasing the surface area of the binding material
4.Decreasing the quantity of cement
Which of these statements are correct?
70
Consider the following statements:
1.The compressive strength of concrete decreases with increase in water-cement ratio of the concrete mixture.
2.Water is added to the concrete mix for hydration of cement and workability.
3.Creep and shrinkage of concrete are independent of the water-cement ratio in the concrete mix.
Which of these statements are correct?
1.The compressive strength of concrete decreases with increase in water-cement ratio of the concrete mixture.
2.Water is added to the concrete mix for hydration of cement and workability.
3.Creep and shrinkage of concrete are independent of the water-cement ratio in the concrete mix.
Which of these statements are correct?
71
According to the Indian Standard Specifications, concrete should be cured under a humidity of
72
Consider the following statements:In a typical compression test with a cylindrical concrete specimen, failure is initiated by
1.Crushing in compression
2.Inclined shear failure
3.Longitudinal tensile cracks
Which of these statements are correct?
1.Crushing in compression
2.Inclined shear failure
3.Longitudinal tensile cracks
Which of these statements are correct?
73
If one intends to obtain the best workability of concrete, the preferred shape of aggregate is
74
Consider the following statements as regards rheology of concrete:
1.It deals with strength of concrete.
2.It deals with deformation in concrete.
3.It is the study of deformation and flow of concrete.
4.It deals with rate of shear and shear stress in concrete.
Which of these statements are correct?
1.It deals with strength of concrete.
2.It deals with deformation in concrete.
3.It is the study of deformation and flow of concrete.
4.It deals with rate of shear and shear stress in concrete.
Which of these statements are correct?
75
Consider the following for durability of well-graded concrete:
1.The environment
2.Cover to embedded reinforcement
3.Shape and size of concrete member
Which of these are correct?
1.The environment
2.Cover to embedded reinforcement
3.Shape and size of concrete member
Which of these are correct?