Which of the following is an independent variable in teaching-learning process?
A
Teacher
B
Student
C
Institution
D
Parents
Question 28Single Answer
Which of the following method should be used by each teacher?
A
Analytical-synthetic
B
Synthetic-analytical
C
Only analytical
D
Only synthetic
Question 29Single Answer
Match List I with List II
List I (Teaching maxims) List II (Main proponents)
A From whole to part I Gestalt
B Self-Study II Dalton
C Training of senses III Montessori and Froebel
Codes:
A
A-I, B-II, C-II
B
A-I, B-II, C-II
C
A-II, B-II, C-II
D
A-II, B-II, C-II
Question 30Single Answer
Which of the following reflects the nature of teaching ?
A
It is an art
B
It is a science
C
It is an art as well as science
D
It is neither art nor science
Question 31Single Answer
Passage :
The rapid advancement of technology has profoundly altered the way we communicate. Social media platforms connect billions across the globe, fostering instant interaction and the sharing of information. However, this interconnectedness also presents challenges. The spread of misinformation can occur at an unprecedented rate, impacting public opinion and even real-world events. Critical thinking and media literacy are now more essential than ever to navigate this complex digital landscape and discern credible sources from falsehoods.
What is the main idea of this passage?
A
The benefits of social media for global communication
B
The challenges posed by the rapid advancement of technology on communication
C
The importance of social media platforms in connecting people
D
The necessity of critical thinking and media literacy in the digital age
Question 32Single Answer
Passage :
The rapid advancement of technology has profoundly altered the way we communicate. Social media platforms connect billions across the globe, fostering instant interaction and the sharing of information. However, this interconnectedness also presents challenges. The spread of misinformation can occur at an unprecedented rate, impacting public opinion and even real-world events. Critical thinking and media literacy are now more essential than ever to navigate this complex digital landscape and discern credible sources from falsehoods.
According to the passage, what is a challenge of increased technological interconnectedness?
A
Slower rates of communication
B
Difficulty in sharing information
C
The rapid spread of misinformation
D
A decrease in global interaction
Question 33Single Answer
Passage :
The rapid advancement of technology has profoundly altered the way we communicate. Social media platforms connect billions across the globe, fostering instant interaction and the sharing of information. However, this interconnectedness also presents challenges. The spread of misinformation can occur at an unprecedented rate, impacting public opinion and even real-world events. Critical thinking and media literacy are now more essential than ever to navigate this complex digital landscape and discern credible sources from falsehoods.
The word "discern" in the passage most closely means:
A
Ignore
B
Understand
C
Distribute
D
Create
Question 34Single Answer
Passage :
The rapid advancement of technology has profoundly altered the way we communicate. Social media platforms connect billions across the globe, fostering instant interaction and the sharing of information. However, this interconnectedness also presents challenges. The spread of misinformation can occur at an unprecedented rate, impacting public opinion and even real-world events. Critical thinking and media literacy are now more essential than ever to navigate this complex digital landscape and discern credible sources from falsehoods.
What can be inferred about the impact of misinformation?
A
It has no effect on public opinion
B
Its impact is limited to online discussions
C
It can influence public opinion and real-world events
D
It is easily controlled by social media platforms
Question 35Single Answer
Passage :
The rapid advancement of technology has profoundly altered the way we communicate. Social media platforms connect billions across the globe, fostering instant interaction and the sharing of information. However, this interconnectedness also presents challenges. The spread of misinformation can occur at an unprecedented rate, impacting public opinion and even real-world events. Critical thinking and media literacy are now more essential than ever to navigate this complex digital landscape and discern credible sources from falsehoods.
The author's tone in this passage can be best described as:
A
Optimistic
B
Neutral and informative
C
Highly critical
D
Humorous
Question 36Single Answer
Passage :
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," plays a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns. Its vast expanse of trees absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas. Deforestation, driven by agriculture and logging, releases this stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Protecting the Amazon is therefore vital not only for the biodiversity it harbors but also for the health of the planet as a whole. Sustainable practices are essential to balance human needs with the preservation of this critical ecosystem.
What is the primary function of the Amazon rainforest mentioned in the passage?
A
Providing resources for agriculture and logging
B
Housing a large number of animal species
C
Regulating global climate patterns by absorbing carbon dioxide
D
Generating oxygen for the Earth's atmosphere
Question 37Single Answer
Passage :
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," plays a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns. Its vast expanse of trees absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas. Deforestation, driven by agriculture and logging, releases this stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Protecting the Amazon is therefore vital not only for the biodiversity it harbors but also for the health of the planet as a whole. Sustainable practices are essential to balance human needs with the preservation of this critical ecosystem.
According to the passage, what is a major cause of deforestation in the Amazon?
A
Natural forest fires
B
Sustainable harvesting practices
C
Agriculture and logging
D
The natural aging of the forest
Question 38Single Answer
Passage :
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," plays a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns. Its vast expanse of trees absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas. Deforestation, driven by agriculture and logging, releases this stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Protecting the Amazon is therefore vital not only for the biodiversity it harbors but also for the health of the planet as a whole. Sustainable practices are essential to balance human needs with the preservation of this critical ecosystem.
The word "vital" in the passage most closely means:
A
Unimportant
B
Necessary
C
Optional
D
Detrimental
Question 39Single Answer
Passage :
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," plays a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns. Its vast expanse of trees absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas. Deforestation, driven by agriculture and logging, releases this stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Protecting the Amazon is therefore vital not only for the biodiversity it harbors but also for the health of the planet as a whole. Sustainable practices are essential to balance human needs with the preservation of this critical ecosystem.
What can be inferred about the consequences of continued deforestation in the Amazon?
A
It will have no impact on global warming
B
It will help stabilize global climate patterns
C
It will contribute to the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
D
It will enhance the biodiversity of the region
Question 40Single Answer
Passage :
The Amazon rainforest, often called the "lungs of the Earth," plays a crucial role in regulating global climate patterns. Its vast expanse of trees absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide, a primary greenhouse gas. Deforestation, driven by agriculture and logging, releases this stored carbon back into the atmosphere, contributing to global warming. Protecting the Amazon is therefore vital not only for the biodiversity it harbors but also for the health of the planet as a whole. Sustainable practices are essential to balance human needs with the preservation of this critical ecosystem.
The author's tone in this passage can be best described as:
A
Indifferent
B
Concerned and informative
C
Enthusiastic
D
Dismissive
Question 41Single Answer
The primary purpose of teaching is to:
A
Complete the prescribed syllabus
B
Maintain discipline only
C
Facilitate meaningful learning
D
Conduct examinations
Question 42Single Answer
Teaching is best described as:
A
A one-way transmission of information
B
A method of maintaining discipline
C
A process limited to lecturing
D
A process of facilitating learning
Question 43Single Answer
Which of the following is an essential characteristic of effective teaching?
A
Rigidity
B
Complete teacher dominance
C
Meaningful interaction
D
Absence of feedback
Question 44Single Answer
The three commonly recognized levels of teaching are:
A
Primary, secondary and tertiary
B
Formal, informal and non-formal
C
Cognitive, affective and psychomotor
D
Memory, understanding and reflective
Question 45Single Answer
The memory level of teaching primarily emphasizes:
A
Critical evaluation
B
Problem-solving
C
Recall and recognition
D
Independent research
Question 46Single Answer
The memory level of teaching is generally considered:
A
The highest level of teaching
B
Equivalent to reflective teaching
C
The lowest level of teaching
D
Independent of factual knowledge
Question 47Single Answer
The understanding level of teaching goes beyond:
A
Classroom interaction
B
Evaluation
C
Recall and recognition
D
Problem-solving
Question 48Single Answer
At the understanding level, learners are expected to:
A
Memorize without comprehension
B
Understand relationships among facts and concepts
C
Avoid interpretation
D
Depend entirely on the teacher
Question 49Single Answer
Reflective-level teaching primarily develops:
A
Rote memory
B
Critical thinking and problem-solving
C
Mechanical repetition
D
Simple recall
Question 50Single Answer
Which level of teaching provides the greatest scope for independent thinking?
A
Reflective level
B
Understanding level
C
Memory level
D
Recall level
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Tribal and Regional Language/Literature
Question 51Single Answer
What is the primary focus of Ethnology?
A
The study of human societies, their cultures, and development
B
The study of ancient fossils
C
The study of celestial bodies
D
The study of weather patterns
Question 52Single Answer
Ethnology is a branch of which broader field of study?
A
Physics
B
Anthropology
C
Political Science
D
Economics
Question 53Single Answer
Which of the following is a major branch of Ethnology?
A
Political Science
B
Cultural Anthropology
C
Astrophysics
D
Zoology
Question 54Single Answer
What is the main objective of Ethnology?
A
Understanding the history of colonial empires
B
Studying the economic policies of governments
C
Comparing and analyzing different human cultures
D
Observing astronomical phenomena
Question 55Single Answer
Which discipline is most closely related to Ethnology?
A
Linguistics
B
Botany
C
Astronomy
D
Chemistry
Question 56Single Answer
What is the key concept in Ethnology regarding cultural comparison?
A
Ethnocentrism
B
Relativism
C
Nationalism
D
Communism
Question 57Single Answer
The study of how human societies change over time falls under which sub-discipline of Ethnology?
A
Archaeology
B
Evolutionary Ethnology
C
Political Science
D
Sociology
Question 58Single Answer
Which of the following best defines Ethnography?
A
The comparative study of cultures
B
The fieldwork-based study of a single culture
C
The study of fossils and ancient civilizations
D
The scientific study of human genes
Question 59Single Answer
The concept of "culture" in Ethnology includes which of the following?
A
Artifacts and material objects
B
Language and traditions
C
Social norms and customs
D
All of the above
Question 60Single Answer
Which of the following is not a major branch of Ethnology?
A
Physical Anthropology
B
Cultural Anthropology
C
Linguistic Anthropology
D
Quantum Physics
Question 61Single Answer
The study of languages in relation to culture is known as:
A
Sociolinguistics
B
Ethnobotany
C
Zoology
D
Astrology
Question 62Single Answer
How does Ethnology differ from Ethnography?
A
Ethnology is theoretical, while Ethnography is based on fieldwork
B
Ethnology studies fossils, while Ethnography studies living cultures
C
Ethnology focuses on geography, while Ethnography focuses on politics
D
Ethnology only studies ancient civilizations
Question 63Single Answer
What is the primary method used in Ethnographic research?
A
Laboratory experiments
B
Participant observation
C
Statistical analysis
D
Genetic mapping
Question 64Single Answer
Industrialization has led to which major impact on tribal communities?
A
Economic self-sufficiency
B
Decline in traditional occupations
C
Increased isolation from mainstream society
D
Preservation of indigenous languages
Question 65Single Answer
Urbanization primarily affects tribal communities in what way?
A
Strengthening of traditional customs
B
Loss of land and displacement
C
Reduced industrial activities
D
Increased tribal autonomy
Question 66Single Answer
What is a common economic activity among tribal communities?
A
Hunting and gathering
B
Software development
C
Large-scale industrial production
D
Stock market trading
Question 67Single Answer
Which term describes the blending of tribal and modern cultural elements?
A
Cultural diffusion
B
Ethnocentrism
C
Linguistic relativity
D
None of the above
Question 68Single Answer
Which factor contributes most to cultural change in tribal societies?
A
Isolation from other communities
B
Contact with mainstream society
C
Lack of education
D
Static traditions
Question 69Single Answer
The belief that one’s own culture is superior to others is called:
A
Cultural relativism
B
Ethnocentrism
C
Cultural diffusion
D
Linguistic anthropology
Question 70Single Answer
In Ethnology, what does "social system" refer to?
A
A country’s government
B
The interrelationships of individuals and groups within a society
C
Only religious practices
D
The study of non-living organisms
Question 71Single Answer
Which of the following is a major economic challenge faced by tribal communities?
A
Over-industrialization
B
Land alienation
C
Technological monopoly
D
Space exploration
Question 72Single Answer
The concept of "cultural lag" refers to:
A
The resistance to cultural change in certain societies
B
The speed of technological development
C
The difference between ancient and modern cultures
D
None of the above
Question 73Single Answer
Which of the following best describes a "subsistence economy"?
A
An economy based on self-sufficient production for personal use
B
A trade-based international market
C
An economy that relies on foreign investments
D
A financial system dominated by multinational corporations
Question 74Single Answer
The process by which industrial societies integrate tribal communities into mainstream culture is called:
A
Assimilation
B
Ethnocentrism
C
Isolation
D
Marginalization
Question 75Single Answer
Which of the following has negatively impacted traditional tribal economies?
A
Globalization
B
Digital marketing
C
Political independence
D
None of the above
Question 76Single Answer
The primary cause of cultural change in tribal communities is:
A
Technological advancements
B
Isolation from other groups
C
Increase in population
D
Static traditions
Question 77Single Answer
What is the term for the process where a dominant culture absorbs a minority culture?
A
Acculturation
B
Enculturation
C
Stratification
D
None of the above
Question 78Single Answer
Which aspect of tribal society is most affected by urbanization?
A
Language
B
Religious beliefs
C
Traditional livelihoods
D
Mythology
Question 79Single Answer
A major impact of industrialization on tribal groups is:
A
Strengthening of tribal traditions
B
Loss of traditional occupations
C
Economic independence
D
Increase in tribal population
Question 80Single Answer
The study of social norms, values, and institutions within a community is known as:
A
Sociology
B
Ethnology
C
Political Science
D
Geography
Question 81Single Answer
What is the primary focus of ethnology as a discipline?
A
Study of physical anthropology
B
Analysis of linguistic structures
C
Comparative study of cultures and societies
D
Examination of economic systems
Question 82Single Answer
How does ethnology differ from ethnography?
A
Ethnology focuses on fieldwork, while ethnography is theoretical
B
Ethnology studies urban societies, while ethnography studies rural ones
C
Ethnology is comparative, while ethnography is descriptive
D
Ethnology is limited to tribal communities, while ethnography is universal
Question 83Single Answer
What is a key component of ethnology’s structural framework?
A
Statistical analysis of population growth
B
Cross-cultural comparison of social institutions
C
Genetic mapping of tribal populations
D
Linguistic reconstruction of ancient languages
Question 84Single Answer
Which aspect of ethnology emphasizes the study of cultural evolution?
A
Evolutionary theory
B
Historical particularism
C
Descriptive analysis
D
Functionalism
Question 85Single Answer
What is a primary challenge in defining ethnology’s scope?
A
Limited access to tribal communities
B
Overlap with other social sciences
C
Lack of historical data
D
Uniformity of cultural practices
Question 86Single Answer
Which methodological approach is central to ethnology?
A
Experimental research
B
Comparative method
C
Quantitative analysis
D
Narrative analysis
Question 87Single Answer
What is a key limitation of ethnology’s structural framework?
A
Overemphasis on economic systems
B
Lack of linguistic analysis
C
Excessive focus on urban societies
D
Neglect of individual agency
Question 88Single Answer
Which concept is NOT typically associated with ethnology’s structure?
A
Cultural relativism
B
Social organization
C
Genetic determinism
D
Kinship systems
Question 89Single Answer
How does ethnology integrate historical data into its framework?
A
By focusing on archaeological evidence only
B
By ignoring historical contexts
C
Through comparative analysis of cultural change over time
D
Via statistical modeling of population trends
Question 90Single Answer
What is a primary scope of ethnology in the context of tribal studies?
A
Analysis of cultural practices and social structures
B
Study of biological evolution
C
Examination of economic policies
D
Exploration of linguistic diversity
Question 91Single Answer
Which branch of ethnology focuses on the study of kinship systems?
A
Economic ethnology
B
Social ethnology
C
Religious ethnology
D
Political ethnology
Question 92Single Answer
What is a key focus of religious ethnology?
A
Economic exchanges in tribal societies
B
Political hierarchies
C
Belief systems and rituals
D
Linguistic variations
Question 93Single Answer
Which branch of ethnology examines the impact of material culture?
A
Cultural ethnology
B
Economic ethnology
C
Social ethnology
D
Political ethnology
Question 94Single Answer
What is a challenge in defining the scope of ethnology for tribal studies?
A
Lack of cultural diversity
B
Absence of written records
C
Uniformity of tribal practices
D
Rapid cultural change due to globalization
Question 95Single Answer
Which branch of ethnology is concerned with power dynamics in tribal societies?
A
Economic ethnology
B
Social ethnology
C
Religious ethnology
D
Political ethnology
Question 96Single Answer
What is a key feature of economic ethnology?
A
Study of ritual practices
B
Exploration of linguistic patterns
C
Examination of kinship networks
D
Analysis of resource distribution and exchange
Question 97Single Answer
Which aspect of ethnology’s scope overlaps with anthropology?
A
Analysis of cultural and social systems
B
Study of economic policies
C
Examination of genetic variations
D
Exploration of urban development
Question 98Single Answer
What is a primary focus of cultural ethnology?
A
Political structures
B
Linguistic evolution
C
Economic transactions
D
Material and symbolic culture
Question 99Single Answer
What is a limitation of ethnology’s scope in studying tribal communities?
A
Neglect of contemporary issues
B
Overemphasis on biological traits
C
Lack of comparative methods
D
Uniform cultural practices
Question 100Single Answer
What is a key utility of ethnology in tribal studies?
A
Developing economic policies
B
Preserving cultural heritage
C
Mapping genetic profiles
D
Analyzing linguistic syntax
Question 101Single Answer
How does ethnology contribute to policy-making for tribal communities?
A
By focusing on genetic research
B
By analyzing urban migration patterns
C
Via linguistic reconstruction
D
Through understanding cultural and social dynamics
Question 102Single Answer
What is a practical application of ethnology in education?
A
Designing economic curricula
B
Promoting cultural sensitivity in teaching
C
Developing genetic studies
D
Analyzing linguistic phonetics
Question 103Single Answer
Which field benefits from ethnology’s study of tribal social systems?
A
Genetic engineering
B
Social work
C
Urban planning
D
Linguistic analysis
Question 104Single Answer
What is a key challenge in applying ethnology’s findings to tribal development?
A
Lack of cultural data
B
Resistance to modernization
C
Uniformity of tribal practices
D
Absence of economic issues
Question 105Single Answer
How does ethnology aid in conflict resolution among tribal communities?
A
By analyzing economic disparities
B
Through understanding cultural values and practices
C
Via genetic profiling
D
By studying linguistic variations
Question 106Single Answer
What is a key utility of ethnology in cultural preservation?
A
Studying genetic diversity
B
Analyzing economic trends
C
Documenting oral traditions
D
Examining urban migration
Question 107Single Answer
Which field of study benefits from ethnology’s comparative approach?
A
Economics
B
Urban sociology
C
Genetics
D
Anthropology
Question 108Single Answer
What is a limitation of ethnology’s utility in modern contexts?
A
Overemphasis on economic systems
B
Uniform methodological approaches
C
Lack of cultural data
D
Neglect of global influences
Question 109Single Answer
How does ethnology contribute to tribal welfare programs?
A
Through cultural and social analysis
B
By focusing on genetic research
C
Via linguistic reconstruction
D
By analyzing urban development
Question 110Single Answer
Which discipline shares a methodological overlap with ethnology?
A
Physics
B
Mathematics
C
Chemistry
D
Anthropology
Question 111Single Answer
Which statement most accurately defines ethnology?
A
Exclusive study of prehistoric artifacts
B
Comparative and analytical study of human cultures and societies
C
Biological classification of human populations
D
Study of language sounds without cultural context
Question 112Single Answer
Ethnology is traditionally regarded as an important branch of which discipline?
A
Sociology
B
Archaeology
C
Anthropology
D
Psychology
Question 113Single Answer
What primarily distinguishes ethnology from ethnography?
A
Ethnology comparatively analyzes cultural data from different societies
B
Ethnography excludes fieldwork
C
Ethnology studies only prehistoric societies
D
Ethnology deals exclusively with biological characteristics
Question 114Single Answer
What is the principal objective of ethnographic research?
A
Formulating universal economic laws
B
Reconstructing geological history
C
Providing detailed descriptions of particular cultures and communities
D
Classifying biological races
Question 115Single Answer
Which research technique is most strongly associated with traditional ethnographic fieldwork?
A
Laboratory experimentation
B
Participant observation
C
Remote sensing
D
Statistical simulation
Question 116Single Answer
What does the holistic approach in ethnology emphasize?
A
Studying religion independently of society
B
Limiting investigation to economic institutions
C
Understanding interconnected dimensions of culture and society
D
Separating language completely from culture
Question 117Single Answer
Which method is especially useful for studying descent, marriage and kinship relationships?
A
Stratigraphic method
B
Genealogical method
C
Experimental method
D
Cartographic method
Question 118Single Answer
What is an informant in ethnological fieldwork?
A
A community member who provides culturally relevant information
B
A government census official only
C
A laboratory assistant
D
An archaeological artifact
Question 119Single Answer
Which feature makes comparative analysis central to ethnology?
A
It eliminates the need for empirical evidence
B
It identifies similarities, differences and patterns among cultures
C
It restricts study to a single community
D
It concentrates exclusively on biological evolution
Question 120Single Answer
Which discipline contributes most directly to ethnological understanding of past societies through material remains?
A
Archaeology
B
Economics
C
Political Science
D
Psychology
Question 121Single Answer
Why is linguistics particularly important for ethnological research?
A
Language transmits and expresses cultural knowledge
B
Language eliminates cultural variation
C
Language determines biological ancestry
D
Language exists independently of society
Question 122Single Answer
What does economic anthropology principally examine?
A
Production, distribution and consumption within cultural contexts
B
National income accounting exclusively
C
International banking systems only
D
Geological distribution of minerals
Question 123Single Answer
Which subject is most directly concerned with social institutions, groups and relationships and therefore closely related to ethnology?
A
Chemistry
B
Physics
C
Sociology
D
Astronomy
Question 124Single Answer
What does political anthropology mainly investigate?
A
Power, authority, leadership and political organization
B
Linguistic phonemes
C
Human anatomy
D
Archaeological chronology only
Question 125Single Answer
Why is history important to ethnological interpretation?
A
Culture remains unaffected by historical events
B
History deals exclusively with rulers
C
Ethnology rejects chronological information
D
Cultural institutions develop through historical processes
Question 126Single Answer
Which description best represents applied ethnology?
A
Study restricted to ancient civilizations
B
Classification of human fossils
C
Application of cultural knowledge to contemporary social and developmental issues
D
Study without practical relevance
Question 127Single Answer
What is the emic perspective in ethnological research?
A
Explaining culture exclusively through outside categories
B
Understanding culture from the viewpoint of its members
C
Comparing skeletal measurements
D
Studying only written documents
Question 128Single Answer
What does an etic perspective emphasize?
A
Only indigenous terminology
B
Complete rejection of comparison
C
Analytical categories developed by the researcher
D
Exclusive dependence on oral traditions
Question 129Single Answer
Which principle requires ethnologists to understand practices within their cultural context rather than immediately judging them by external standards?
A
Biological determinism
B
Ethnocentrism
C
Environmental determinism
D
Cultural relativism
Question 130Single Answer
What is ethnocentrism?
A
Judging other cultures primarily by the standards of one's own culture
B
Learning another community's language
C
Comparing economic systems objectively
D
Recording genealogical relationships
Question 131Single Answer
Who defined culture as the “complex whole” comprising knowledge, belief, art, morals, law and custom?
A
Franz Boas
B
E.B. Tylor
C
Bronislaw Malinowski
D
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Question 132Single Answer
In which work did E.B. Tylor present his influential definition of culture?
A
Ancient Society
B
Patterns of Culture
C
Primitive Culture
D
The Golden Bough
Question 133Single Answer
Which characteristic of culture indicates that it is acquired through social experience rather than genetic inheritance?
A
Culture is static
B
Culture is biological
C
Culture is learned
D
Culture is instinctive
Question 134Single Answer
What is enculturation?
A
Complete disappearance of a culture
B
Forced migration between regions
C
Biological adaptation to environment
D
Process through which individuals learn their own culture
Question 135Single Answer
Which item is an example of material culture?
A
Kinship terminology
B
Religious belief
C
Moral value
D
Agricultural implement
Question 136Single Answer
Which element belongs primarily to non-material culture?
A
Custom
B
House
C
Pottery
D
Bow and arrow
Question 137Single Answer
What is generally considered the smallest identifiable unit of a culture?
A
Culture area
B
Culture pattern
C
Culture trait
D
Culture configuration
Question 138Single Answer
What is a group of functionally related cultural traits called?
A
Culture complex
B
Culture area
C
Cultural lag
D
Cultural ecology
Question 139Single Answer
What does the concept of a culture area refer to?
A
A biological territory occupied by one species
B
A geographical region sharing a significant number of cultural characteristics
C
A region governed by one political institution
D
A location where only one language is spoken
Question 140Single Answer
What is cultural diffusion?
A
Loss of every traditional practice
B
Deliberate isolation of communities
C
Biological transmission of behaviour
D
Spread of cultural elements from one society to another
Question 141Single Answer
What does acculturation generally result from?
A
Biological mutation
B
Continuous contact between culturally different groups
C
Complete geographical isolation
D
Absence of social interaction
Question 142Single Answer
What is assimilation in the context of cultural change?
A
Preservation of absolute cultural isolation
B
Creation of a new clan
C
Process by which a group becomes substantially incorporated into another cultural system
D
Temporary borrowing of a tool
Question 143Single Answer
Which concept describes the combination of elements from different cultural or religious traditions?
A
Segmentation
B
Endogamy
C
Ethnocentrism
D
Syncretism
Question 144Single Answer
What is cultural innovation?
A
Rejection of every external influence
B
Introduction or development of a new cultural element
C
Complete cultural isolation
D
Reproduction of genetic traits
Question 145Single Answer
What does cultural lag describe?
A
Equal rate of change in every cultural component
B
Complete absence of technological change
C
Unequal rates of change between interconnected aspects of culture
D
Loss of all social institutions
Question 146Single Answer
Which anthropologist is particularly associated with historical particularism?
A
Lewis Henry Morgan
B
E.B. Tylor
C
Franz Boas
D
James Frazer
Question 147Single Answer
What did historical particularism emphasize?
A
Each culture should be understood through its distinctive historical development
B
Every society necessarily passes through identical evolutionary stages
C
Geography alone determines culture
D
Biological race determines cultural achievement
Question 148Single Answer
Which anthropologist proposed the sequence of savagery, barbarism and civilization?
A
Franz Boas
B
Margaret Mead
C
Ruth Benedict
D
Lewis Henry Morgan
Question 149Single Answer
Which theoretical tradition is represented by E.B. Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan?
A
Structuralism
B
Functionalism
C
Postmodern anthropology
D
Classical evolutionism
Question 150Single Answer
What was a central assumption of nineteenth-century unilinear evolutionism?
A
Cultures cannot change
B
Historical circumstances are irrelevant
C
Every culture is entirely incomparable
D
Societies tend to progress through broadly ordered developmental stages