Question for UKPSC Assistant Professor (Sociology) 2026 - Quiz / Questions / MCQ

Objective Questions

Latest UKPSC Assistant Professor Sociology Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : Sociology

Question Bank UKPSC Assistant Professor (Sociology) Exam - English

Sociology

Question 1Single Answer

Match the following :
List-I List-II
(Concepts) (Authors)
a. Cultural Lag (i) K. Marx
b. False Consciousness (ii) Ogburm
c. Law of Similarity and Contact (iii) J. Frazer
d. Institutionalization of class conglict (iv) R. Dahrendorf

A
Codes :
a b c d
ii i iii iv
B
iv iii i ii
C
iii ii iv i
D
i iv ii iii

Question 2Single Answer

Fill in the blank : An institution is composed of ---------------

A
Actors and Groups
B
Rules and procedures
C
Values and norms
D
All

Question 3Single Answer

George Summer's classification of group as 'Monad', 'Days', 'Triad' is based on :

A
Physical proximity
B
Nature of membership
C
Social relations
D
Size of the group

Question 4Single Answer

An area if social living which is marked by some degree of social cohernce and similarity is called :

A
Social group
B
Society
C
Community
D
Association

Question 5Single Answer

C. W. Mills' perspective takes into account :
(i) Biography (ii) Sociography
(iii) History (iv) Geography
(v) Ethnography
Select the correct alternatives :

A
(ii) only
B
(ii) and (iii) only
C
(i) and (iii) only
D
(i), (ii), (iv) and (v) only

Question 6Single Answer

Which of the following instances may not be considered as a reference group behaviour ?

A
Proletarianization
B
Embourgeoisment
C
Sanskritization
D
Modernization

Question 7Single Answer

Which of the following is a set of informal groups ?

A
Clique, faction, caucus
B
Gang, union dacoits
C
Slum, village, NGO
D
Neighbourhood, Peer group, Panchayat

Question 8Single Answer

Who argued that the school prepares children to move towards universalistic standards and achieved status of adult society?

A
E. Durkheim
B
T. Parsons
C
R. K. Merton
D
K. Davis

Question 9Single Answer

Who defined religion in terms of a distinction between the sacred and the profone ?

A
B. Malinowski
B
C. Levi Strauss
C
A. R. Radcliffe Brown
D
E. Durkheim

Question 10Single Answer

The capacity of any person, group or institution to issue commands is called :

A
Power
B
Authority
C
Influence
D
Right

Question 11Single Answer

According to C. W. Mills, the power elite in America comprises those who hold "command posts" in :
(i) The major business corporations
(ii) The miliy
(iii) The Federal Government
(iv) The State bureaucracy
Select the correct alternative :

A
i, ii, iii, iv.
B
i, ii, and iii
C
i, iii, and iv
D
ii, iii, and iv

Question 12Single Answer

Who argues that 'classes should be defined as imperatively coordinated associations '?

A
M. Weber
B
K. Marx
C
R. Dahrendorf
D
R. Collins

Question 13Single Answer

For R. Dahrendorf a post-capitalist society is characterised by :
(i) Decomposition of capital
(ii) Differentiation of Labour
(iii) Diamond like class structure
(iv) Regulations and institutionalization of conflicts
Select the correct alternative :

A
i, ii, iii, and iv
B
i, ii, and iii
C
i, ii, and iv
D
i, iii, and iv

Question 14Single Answer

The concept of 'I' and 'Me' with reference to development of 'self' was used by :

A
S. Freud
B
C. H. Cooley
C
H. M. Johnson
D
G. H. Mead

Question 15Single Answer

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : Personality system gets integrated into the social system through socialization.
Reason (R) : Socialization helps actors to develop skills to play roles in society.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A
Codes :
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C
(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D
(A) is false but (R) is true.

Question 16Single Answer

A status group, according to Max Weber, is characterized by :

A
Occupation
B
Educational background
C
Life-style
D
Family background

Question 17Single Answer

Who among the following is regarded as the technological deterministic of social change?

A
E. Durkheim
B
G. Simmel
C
T. Veblen
D
T. Malthus

Question 18Single Answer

The theoretical perspective that asserts that there are discernible stages which the society goes through more than once or even repeatedly is termed as :

A
Repeated Evolutionary Theory
B
Unilinear Evolutionary Theory
C
Cyclical Evolutionary Theory
D
Reflexive Evolutionary Theory

Question 19Single Answer

Who among the following describes society as 'sui-generis'?

A
Radcliffe Brown
B
Malinowski
C
E. Durkheim
D
R. Benedict

Question 20Single Answer

Which of the following pairs are not included in Parsonian Scheme of 'Pattern-Variables'?
(i) Affectivity Vs Affective neutrality
(ii) Self-orientation Vs Collectivity orientation
(iii) Particularism Vs Universalism
(iv) Localism Vs Globalism
(v) Quality Vs Performance
(vi) Diffusion Vs Revolution
(vii) Evolution Vs Revolution
Select the correct alternative :

A
i, ii, iii, v, and vi
B
ii, iii, i, vi, and v
C
ii, iii, v
D
i, v, and vi

Question 21Single Answer

Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other as Reason (R) :
Assertion (A) : The postulate of functional unity of society maintains that all standardised social and cultural beliefs and practices are functional for society as a whole as well as for individuals in society.
Reason (R) : The above said standardised items are indispensable parts of the working whole.

A
Codes :
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
B
(A) is true, but (R) is false.
C
(R) is true, but (A) is false.
D
Both (A) and (R) are false.

Question 22Single Answer

Who among the following does not adopt the functional approach to the understanding of social phenomena ?

A
J. Alexander
B
K. Davis
C
R. K. Merton
D
D. J. Habermas

Question 23Single Answer

The view that authority relations are the main cause of social conflict was help by whom?

A
M. Weber
B
K. Marx
C
R. Collins
D
R. Dahrendorf

Question 24Single Answer

Who among the following has classified status in terms of salient status, dominant status and controlling status?

A
T. Parsons
B
R. K. Merton
C
W. E. Moore
D
H. M. Johnson

Question 25Single Answer

What is common to magic, religion and science ?

A
Observation and experimentation
B
Equal influence on human beings
C
Orientation towards the unknown
D
Orientation towards the supernatural

Question 26Single Answer

Who among the following is a proponent of dialectical approach to the study of Indian society ?

A
M. N. Srinivas
B
D. P. Mukherjee
C
A. Beteille
D
Y. B. Damle

Question 27Single Answer

Which type of research aims to describe a social situation, social event, social system social structure etc?

A
Basic research
B
Descriptive research
C
Empirical research
D
Explanatory research

Question 28Single Answer

A university has 7530 students and a research draws 10 percent sample from it amounting to a total of 753. This is called :

A
Sample size
B
Sampleratio
C
Sample element
D
Purposive sampling

Question 29Single Answer

Which technique of qualitative data collection is followed by researcher to understand people and their behaviour through direct, focused and non-verbal interaction in their natural setting ?

A
Interview
B
Observation
C
Case study
D
Above all

Question 30Single Answer

According to Karl Marx, which of the following are elements of the forces of production?

A
Technology and capital
B
Capital, labour and technology
C
Science and technology
D
Capital labour, science and technology

Question 31Single Answer

Who among the following used the concept of 'interaction ritual' in his theory?

A
R. Collins
B
L. Coser
C
E. Durkheim
D
H. Blumer

Question 32Single Answer

Who among the following argues that the withdrawal of legitimacy from an existing system of inequality is a critical precondition for conflict?

A
R. Dahrendorf
B
L. Coser
C
R. Collins
D
J. Habermas

Question 33Single Answer

Themetic and text analyses are used in :

A
Path analysis
B
Data analysis
C
Form analysis
D
Content analysis

Question 34Single Answer

The study of recorded human statement based on newspaper, magazines, songs, poems, speeches etc. are known as :

A
Statistical analysis
B
Content analysis
C
Historical analysis
D
Comparative analysis

Question 35Single Answer

Which one of the following is not a type of reliability according to Kirk and Miller?

A
Quixotic : Circumstances in which single method of observation yields the same measurement repeatedly.
B
Dialectical : Observation between two conflicting situation.
C
Diachronic : Stability of an observation over a period of time.
D
Synchronicity : Similarity of observation within same period of time.

Question 36Single Answer

Which one of the following is not a measure of central tendency?

A
Mean
B
Median
C
Mode
D
Standard deviation

Question 37Single Answer

"Men make history, but they do not make it just as they please', they do notake it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly encountered, given and transmitted from the past". With whom is this statement related?

A
Karl Mannheim
B
Karl Marx
C
Karl Popper
D
Ralf Dahrendorf

Question 38Single Answer

"Thinking is simply an internalised or implicit conversation of the individual with himself by means of significant gestures". Who said so?

A
L. Althusser
B
H. Blumer
C
P. Blau
D
G. H. Mead

Question 39Single Answer

Which of the following is not a feature of association ?

A
A collectivity of people
B
Having certain objectives
C
Voluntary membership
D
Pursuing ideal norms

Question 40Single Answer

Which of the following statements on the nature of social role is not correct ?

A
It is a set of expectations.
B
It is impossible to define, one's role without referring to another.
C
It includes a series of rights and duties.
D
It has no association with status.

Question 41Single Answer

According to Coser which of the following type of conflict may not be functional for the system ?

A
Conflict over core value
B
Conflict over explicit realistic issues
C
Frequent conflict of small issues
D
Repetitive conflict of low intensity

Question 42Single Answer

Which of the following scales has real zero origin ?

A
Nominal
B
Ordinal
C
Interval
D
Ratio

Question 43Single Answer

Who had applied the reference group theory to analysis mobility within the caste system?

A
M. S. A. Rao
B
G. S. Ghurye
C
M. N. Srinivas
D
Yogendra Singh

Question 44Single Answer

The concept of structural visibility was contributed by whom?

A
T. Parsons
B
R. K. Merton
C
Radcliffe-Brown
D
S. F. Nadel

Question 45Single Answer

Which one of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

A
Organic solidarity - E. Durkheim
B
Pattern Variable - T. Parsons
C
Looking-glass -self - C. H. Cooley
D
Individualistic-- R. K. Mertom functionalism

Question 46Single Answer

Triangulation is a method of assessing validity of one's research by

A
Collecting three generational data.
B
Analysis three generational data.
C
Using different methods and theoretical analysis of different subject of study by one or more researchers.
D
Mixing of different methods and theoretical analysis of same subject of study by one or more researchers.

Question 47Single Answer

The book "Street Corner Society " based on the following technique of research :

A
Interview schedule
B
Participant observation
C
Content analysis
D
Questionnaire

Question 48Single Answer

Identify the correct sequence in social research :
(i) Report writing
(ii) Data analysis
(iii) Pilot study
(iv) Formation of hypothesis
(v) Null hypothesis
(vi) Observation

A
iv, v, iii, vi, ii, i
B
iii, iv, i, ii, vi, v
C
i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi
D
vi, v, iv, iii, ii, i

Question 49Single Answer

Who among the following attempted micro-integrative conflict theory?

A
Dahrendorf
B
Coser
C
Collins
D
Marx

Question 50Single Answer

In the major conceptualization of class, which of the following are not a basis of class situation ?
(i) Property (ii) Income
(iii) Authority (iv) Caste
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A
(i), (ii) & (iii)
B
(i), & (ii)
C
(i) & (iii)
D
(ii) & (iv)

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Sociology

Question 51Single Answer

Arrange in the logical order in which P. Berger has explained.

A
Habitualization, institutionalization, legitimation, externalization
B
Institutionalization, legitimation, externalization, habitualization
C
Habitualization, legitimation, externalisation, institutionalization
D
Legitimation, institutionalization, habitualization, externalization

Question 52Single Answer

Which of the following categories can be placed in Althusser's concept of ideogical state apparatus ?
i. Education
ii. Family
iii. Religion
iv. State bureaucracy
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A
Codes :
i, ii, & iv
B
i, iii, & iv
C
i, ii, & iii
D
ii, iii, & iv

Question 53Single Answer

Which of the following methods used by H. Garfinkel in his exposition of ethnomethodology ?
i. The Documentary Method
ii. The Breaching Experiments
iii. The Reciprocity of Perspectives
iv. The Etcetera Principle
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A
Codes :
i, ii, & iii
B
ii, iii, & iv
C
i, iii, & iv
D
i, ii, iii, & iv

Question 54Single Answer

Which of the following crises are stated by J. Habermas?
i, Economic crisis
ii, Political crisis
iii, Legitimation crisis
iv, Rationality crisis

A
Economic crisis, political crisis and rationality crisis
B
Economic crisis, legitimation crisis and rationality crisis
C
Political crisis, legitimation crisis and rationality crisis
D
Economic crisis, political crisis and legitimstion crisis

Question 55Single Answer

Which of the following books are not written by F. Goffman?
i, Relations in Public
ii, Behaviour in Public Places
iii, Forms of Talk
iv, Social Behaviour : Its Elementary Forms
Select the correct answer from the codes given below :

A
Codes :
i, ii, & iii
B
i, ii, & iv
C
i, iii, & iv
D
ii, iii, & iv

Question 56Single Answer

To A. Giddens cocral theorizing involves :

A
Single hermeneutic
B
Double hermeneutic
C
Dialectical hermeneutic
D
Historical hermeneutic

Question 57Single Answer

Who among the following distinguishes three components of the life world ----- culture, society and personality ?

A
A. Shutz
B
E. Husserl
C
P. Berger
D
J. Habermas

Question 58Single Answer

Giddens' concept of regionalization implies that :

A
the reproduction of relations not only across time but also space.
B
the process of social change is limited by regions.
C
a regional society starts influencing other societies.
D
the mainstream society acquires the features of regional societies.

Question 59Single Answer

In defining nationalism A. R. Desai is influenced by :

A
S. M. Lipset
B
E. H. Carr
C
M. Weber
D
L. Althussar

Question 60Single Answer

Match the List-I with the List-II :
List-I List-II
(Contributors) (Approaches)
a. D. Learner 1. Development of Underdevelop
b. B. Hoselitz 2. Ideal typical
c. A. G. Frank 3. World System
d. I. Wallerstein 4. Diffusion
Mark the correct answer from the codes given below :

A
Codes :
a b c d
1 2 3 4
B
1 3 2 4
C
4 2 3 1
D
4 3 2 1

Question 61Single Answer

Which of the following statements is incorrect with regard to D. P. Mukherjee ?

A
He uses the dialectical approach.
B
He combined Marx's, Dilthey's and Vedanta's approaches.
C
Traditions can be distinguished between primary, secondary and tertiary.
D
Modernity can be understood independent of tradition.

Question 62Single Answer

In which of the following sequences are 'Demographic Transitions' traditionally associated ?

A
High fertility, low mortality, high population growth
B
Low mortality, low mortality to high fertility
C
High fertility, high mortality to low mortality and low fertility, the later lagging behind
D
Low fertility, high mortality to low fertility and low mortality with mortality lagging behind

Question 63Single Answer

Which of the following concept does not figure in Malthusian Theory of Population?

A
Arithmetic progression
B
Positive checks
C
'Stable population'
D
Preventive checks

Question 64Single Answer

Match the items in List-I with the items in List -II and choose the right answer from the codes given below :
List-I List -II
a. Crude Rate 1. The number of live births per 1000 population in a given year
b. General Fertility Rate 2. The number of deaths of babies under age 1 year per 1000 live births in a given year
c. Infant Mortality Rate 3. The number of live births per 1000 women in 15-44 or 15-49 years in a given year
d. Birth Rate 4. Rate of any demographic event computed for an entire population.

A
Codes :
a b c d
4 3 2 1
B
3 1 4 2
C
2 4 3 1
D
1 3 2 4

Question 65Single Answer

'Population pyramids' reveals the following information :
a. Dependency burden
b. Birth and Death rate
c. Sex ratios of different ages
d. Approximate life expectancy of birth
From the above, find the combination for correct answer :

A
(a) and ( b) but not (c) and (d)
B
All (a) (b) , ( c) and ( d)
C
(a) only but not (b),( c) and ( d)
D
( c) and (d) but not (a) and (d).

Question 66Single Answer

Match the items in List-I with the items in List-II and choose the right answer from the codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Books) (Authors)
a. From Population to People 1. K. Srinivasan
b. Gender Ibequaliphic Behaviour 2. T. Malthus
c. Essay on Principle of Population 3. S. Desai
d. Regulatory Reproduction in 4. A. Bose
India's Population

A
Codes :
a b c d
4 3 2 1
B
1 2 3 4
C
2 4 1 3
D
3 1 4 2

Question 67Single Answer

Match Item-I with Item-II :
Item - I Item-II
(Concept) (Explanation)
a. Deviance 1. Lack of social norms
b. Crime 2. Non-conformity
c. Anomie. 3. Act that contravenes the law
d. Alienation 4. Self estrangement

A
Codes :
a b c d
1 2 3 4
B
3 2 4 1
C
2 3 1 4
D
4 2 3 1

Question 68Single Answer

Who among the following is associated with the idea of 'Risk Society' ?

A
H. S. Becker
B
Ulrich Beck
C
Denial Bell
D
Susan Bakee

Question 69Single Answer

Assertion (A) : Ecology movement are emerging from conflict over natural resources and people's right to survival.
Reason (R) : Population increase is responsible for depletion of natural resources and environmental degradation.
Tick the right code given below :

A
Codes :
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
B
Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
C
(A) is true, but (R) is false.
D
(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Question 70Single Answer

Talcott parsons have mentioned pillars of the sick role for the patient : Find out the correct combination.
i, Sick person is not personally responsible for being sick.
ii. Person is responsible for his/her sickness.
iii. The sick person is entitled to certain rights and privileges.
iv. The sick person must work to regain health by consulting a doctor.

A
Codes :
i, ii, and iii
B
ii, iii, and iv
C
i, iii, and iv
D
iii, i, and ii

Question 71Single Answer

Assertion (A) : Technological advances have been taking place rapidly.
Reason (R) : It has been due to the convergence of telecommunications and computing technology known as information and communication technologies.
Answer by using the correct code from the following :

A
Codes :
(A) is correct and (R) is its reason.
B
Both (A) and (R) are false.
C
(A) is true, but (R) is not its correct reason.
D
(A) is false, but (R) is true.

Question 72Single Answer

Who among the following did not favour hierarchization of knowledge?

A
E. Durkheim
B
A. Comte
C
M. Weber
D
M. Foucault

Question 73Single Answer

Match List-I with List-II and find out the correct answer from the codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Concepts) (Authors)
a. Sexuality 1.    U. Beck
b. Risk society                          2.   M. Foucault
c. Communicative action 3. J. Baudrillard
d. Hyper reality 4.   J. Habermas

A
Codes :
a b c d
2. 1 4 3
B
1 2 3 4
C
3. 2 1 4
D
4 3 2 1

Question 74Single Answer

Who among the following theorists sees contemporary society as a death culture, with death being the 'paradigm of all social exclusion and discrimination "?

A
J. Baudrillard
B
U. Beck
C
M. Foucault
D
J. F. Lyotard

Question 75Single Answer

Which one of the following was not specified as an objective of social development by the World Development Summit (1995) ?

A
Economic protectionism
B
People empowerment
C
People's initiatives
D
Strengthening the capacities of the people

Question 76Single Answer

Match the items of List -I with those of List-II and find out the correct answer from codes given below :
List-I List-II
(Scheme/Programme) (Year)
a. National Education Policy (1). 2002
b. National Literacy Mission (2). 1988
c. National Health Policy (3). 1986
d. National Perspective Plan for (4). 2001
Women's Developmen

A
Codes :
a b c d
3 1 2 4
B
3 2 1 4
C
4 3 2 1
D
2 1 4 3

Question 77Single Answer

Match List-I with List-II and give the correct answer from the codes given below :
List-I List-II
a. 73rd Constitutional Amendment 1. e-government
b. The Gyandoot Project 2. Women's empowerment
c. Human Development Reports 3. e-commerce
d. Sale or purchase of goods or 4. U. N. D. P.
services through the internet

A
Codes :
a b c d
1 2 4 3
B
3 2 1 4
C
2 1 4 3
D
4 3 2 1

Question 78Single Answer

Intersubjective consciousness in every day life is the core area of focus of the :

A
Phenomenologist
B
Behaviouralist
C
Cultural pluralist
D
Human ecologist

Question 79Single Answer

Which one of the following is not about P. Berger and T. Luckman's understanding of knowledge?

A
They are unconnected with validity of knowledge.
B
They are deeply concerned about the validity of knowledge.
C
They are concerned with the processes through which any body of knowledge get recognized as reality.
D
They focus not upon social facts, but upon the creation of social meaning in human interaction.

Question 80Single Answer

Which of the following is considered to be the "Tripartite Pillars of Schutz Theory of Phenomenological Sociology' ?

A
Life-world, other world and natural attitude
B
Artificiality, other world and Intra-subjectivity
C
Intra-subjectivity, life world and cultural world
D
Life-world, inter subjectivity and natural attitude

Question 81Single Answer

Who among the following is considered to the founder of phenomenological sociology?

A
J. Habermas
B
A. Schutz
C
H. R. Wagner
D
K. Mannheim

Question 82Single Answer

Select the correct alternative about Habermas' reconstruction of Marxism :
i. Purposive rational action instead of superstructure
ii. Symbolic interaction instead of superstructure
iii. Societal modes of self-reflection instead of class consciousness
iv. Class competition instead of class conflict
Select the correct alternative :

A
i, ii, iii,
B
i, ii, iv
C
ii, iii, iv
D
i, ii, iii, iv

Question 83Single Answer

The ethnomethodology as an approach to study society is concerned with :

A
the fundamental bases of social order
B
issue of unequal distribution of power and authority in society
C
distribution of resources in society
D
shape up the social institutions from historical perspective

Question 84Single Answer

Assertion (A) : Women's work participation has substantially increased in the informal sector of economy in India.
Reason (R) : Education and skill development opportunities have expanded among rural women.
Select the correct answer :

A
(A) is correct and (R) is the reason for (A).
B
(A) is correct, but (R) is not the correct reason for (A).
C
Both (A) and (R) are correct.
D
Neither (A) nor (R) is correct.

Question 85Single Answer

'Women's Rights are human rights' as an international policy for women's empowerment was accepted in an International Conference of Women held in :

A
Beijing
B
Mexico
C
Nairobi
D
Copenhagen

Question 86Single Answer

Select the correct statements :
On the issue of low status of women in family the socialist feminists argue that gender inequality is :
i. ideologically linked to their predominant engagement with household responsibility
ii. due their predominant engagement with unpaid household activities
iii. due to the low income of household
iv. politically linked to their political passivity
Select the correct alternative :

A
i and ii
B
ii and iii
C
ii and iv
D
iii and iv

Question 87Single Answer

Which one of the following is not correct with regard to the Liberal Feminists view on the State?

A
The State is potentially a neutral arbiter and lack any ideology of its own.
B
Men have captured the State.
C
Men are pressure group, women are observes.
D
Women should embrace strategies for meaningfully access the state and influence it.

Question 88Single Answer

The proportion of the aged (60+) population to the total population of India shows a trend of :

A
Stagnation
B
Decline
C
Increase
D
Increase in urban but decline rural areas

Question 89Single Answer

What proportion of India's urban population live in slums?

A
Around one-fifth
B
Around one-fourth
C
Around one-third
D
Around one-half

Question 90Single Answer

What proportion of India's population does not get safe drinking water as per WHO?

A
15%
B
25%
C
35%
D
45%

Question 91Single Answer

Who held the view that Indian tribals were backward Hindus?

A
G. S. Ghurye
B
Y. B. Damle
C
A. R. Desai
D
N. K. Bose

Question 92Single Answer

Who among the following has used the dialectical approach to the study of Indian Society?

A
M. N. Srinivas
B
D. P. Mukerjee
C
A. Beteill
D
Y. B. Damle

Question 93Single Answer

'Individuals, families and groups in the population can be said to be in poverty when they lack, the resources to obtain the types of diet, participate in activities and have the living conditions and amenities which are customary, or atleast widely encouraged or approved, in the societies to which they belong. Their resources are so seriously below those commanded by average individual or family that they are, in effect, excluded from the ordinary living patterns, customs and activities.
(Townsend, 1979, cf Harlambos and Hoborn : Sociology, p. 297)
From the above paragraph in which of the following way, 'poverty is defined?

A
Poverty is absolute term.
B
Poverty as 'Relative deprivation '.
C
Poverty as 'absence of resources '.
D
Poverty as 'exclusion of activities '.

Question 94Single Answer

From the statements given below choose the code depicting correct answer to describe the 'socially constructed gender inequalities '.
a. Hormonal and chromosomes differences between male and female.
b. For similarly qualified persons, men favoured over women.
c. Men and women are through to possess different physical, emotional and mental capacities.
d. Practice of dowry has increased among the education middle class in India.

A
Codes.
All statements (a), (b), (c) and (d).
B
(b) and (c) but not (a) and (d).
C
(a), (b) and (d) but not (c).
D
(b), (c) and (d) but not (a).

Question 95Single Answer

Given below are two statements ---- Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Pick the right answer from the codes :
Assertion (A) : The problem of 'dowry deaths' is typically prevalent among the 'emergent urban middle class' in India.
Reason (R) : The law of inheritance is discriminatory against women in India.

A
Codes :
Both (A) and (R) are false.
B
(A) is true, but (R) is false.
C
Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is not correct explanation of (A).
D
(A) is true and (R) is correct explanation of (A).

Question 96Single Answer

The value of an individual's labour power which is 'left over' when an employer has repaid the cost involved in hiring a worker is called in Marxian term :

A
Use value
B
Surplus value
C
Exchange value
D
Left-over value

Question 97Single Answer

The 'collective bargaining' usually centers around :

A
share in profit, job security and good working conditions
B
job satisfaction, job security and new technology
C
exploitation, profit generation and reinvestment
D
corporate responsibility, global net-working and profit sharing

Question 98Single Answer

"Integrate the working class into capitalist societies, making them less likely to become a radical or revolutionary force". This statement is related to :

A
Political Parties
B
Interest Groups
C
Trade Unions
D
Peer Groups

Question 99Single Answer

The average number of live-born children produced by women of childbearing age in a particular society, called :

A
Morbidity Rate
B
Mortality Rate
C
Fertility Rate
D
Fecundity Rate

Question 100Single Answer

"The economic perspective that believes that free market forces, achieved by minimizing Government restrictions on business, provides the only route to economic growth. This statement explains the concept of :

A
Post modernity
B
Neo-liberalization
C
Neo-Marxism
D
Neo-Fordism

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