Educational Leadership and Administrative Efficiency
Question 1Single Answer
Which of the following statements is NOT correct ?
A
Development is sequential and orderly
B
Development is influenced only by heredity
C
All spheres of development are interrelated
D
Individuals differ in the rate of development
Question 2Single Answer
Development of children proceeds from ....... to ........
A
abstract : concrete
B
qeneral ; specific
C
toe ; head
D
extremities ; centre
Question 3Single Answer
Thought becomes abstract and idealistic during the period of -
A
Infancy
B
Early childhood
C
Middle childhood
D
Adolescence
Question 4Single Answer
Which stage of development is characterized by lot of harmonal changes and an active search for identity ?
A
Adolescence
B
Infancey
C
Early childhood
D
Middle childhood
Question 5Single Answer
Which period of development comprises each of the following characteristics : establishment of independence, development of identity abstract thinking ?
A
Middle childhood
B
Late childhood
C
Adolescence
D
Early adulthood
Question 6Single Answer
Child development is divided into which of the following domains ?
A
Motor, Psychological, emotional and social
B
Physical, cognitive, spiritual and emotional
C
Physical, cognitive, motor and social
D
Psychological, Physiological, social and emotional
Question 7Single Answer
Which of the following statement is correct ?
A
Development is not sequential
B
Development is disorderly
C
Development is a continuous process
D
Development milestones are not influenced by the cultural context
Question 8Single Answer
Middle childhood refers to the period from -
A
Birth to 5 years
B
Birth to 8 years
C
6 to 11 years
D
11 years and above
Question 9Single Answer
Child Development is a study of the patterns of growth and change taking place from ............ to ...........
A
birth ; middle childhood
B
birth ; adolescence
C
conception ; middle childhood
D
conception ; adolescence
Question 10Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of use of fine motor skills ?
A
Running
B
Walking
C
Scribbling
D
Jumping
Question 11Single Answer
Make-believe play blossoms and supports all aspects of psychological development in .
A
Infancy
B
Early childhood
C
Middle childhood
D
Adolescence
Question 12Single Answer
At which stage of development do children actively engage in make believe play ?
A
Infancy
B
Early childhood
C
Middle childhood
D
Adolescence
Question 13Single Answer
Contemporary theorists consider 'Childhood'
A
as a social construction
B
as a scared period in all cultures
C
as a period of great stress and anxiety
D
as a period of development till the age of puberty
Question 14Single Answer
During the period of childhood, development
A
consists only of quantitative changes
B
is disorderly and disjointed
C
is slow and cannot be measured
D
is multi-layered and complex
Question 15Single Answer
Which one of the following is correctly matched ?
A
Moral - maturation development
B
Social - environment development
C
Cognitive - maturation development
D
Physical - environment development
Question 16Single Answer
Development of concepts is primarily a part of
A
Physical development
B
Social development
C
Emotional development
D
Intellectual development
Question 17Single Answer
Development starts from
A
post-childhood stage
B
pre-natal stage
C
the stage of infancy
D
pre-childhood stage
Question 18Single Answer
Human development is based on certain principles. Which of the following is not a principle of human development ?
A
General to specific
B
Reversible
C
Continuity
D
Sequentiality
Question 19Single Answer
"Development is never ending process". This idea is associated with :
A
Principle of interrelation
B
Principal of continuity
C
Principle of integration
D
Principle of interaction
Question 20Single Answer
In the constructivist structure child is viewed as -
A
Blank state whose life is shaped entitely by his own experience
B
A problem solvers and a scientific investigator
C
Social being who is a passive receiver of the knowledge
D
A physical being who is born with a high sense of morality
Question 21Single Answer
Proximodistal principle is illustrated in which of the following examples ?
A
Intants develop vision before the use of their arms
B
Infants develop cognitive abilities and then learn language
C
Infants first learn to move their torso and then their arms and legs
D
Infants learn cooing before babbling
Question 22Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of gross motor skills ?
A
Balancing on one foot
B
Squeezing a pea
C
Turning page of a book
D
Holding a pencil
Question 23Single Answer
The 'sensitive period' in child development represents -
A
The optimal period for particular capacities to emerge in an individual
B
The development period from conception to birth
C
The development period of transition from childhood to early adulthood
D
The development period of sudden hormonal changes in an individual
Question 24Single Answer
Which of the following statements about development are correct ?
(i) There are individual differences in the rate of development .
(ii) Cognitive development is determined solely be genetics .
(iii) Development follows a predictable pattern .
(iv) All domains of development are inter-related .
A
(i), (ii) and (iii)
B
(i), (ii) and (iv)
C
(i), (iii) and (iv)
D
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Question 25Single Answer
What is meant by 'sensitive period' in child development ?
A
Period concerning a rapid advances only in cognition and learning
B
Optimal period for development of specific capabilities
C
Period in which development of only language can be accelerated
D
Period at which physical growth is at its peak
Question 26Single Answer
A child learns to run and hop before she can skip. Which principle of development does this illustrate ?
A
All domains of development are inter-related
B
Development follows a predictable pattern
C
Development is discontinuous in nature
D
Development is influenced by both maturation and experience
Question 27Single Answer
A child learns to hop and jump before learning to play football. Which principal of development does this illustrate ?
A
Cephalocaudal
B
Pronimodistal
C
Reversibility
D
Equilibration
Question 28Single Answer
Which principle of development does the following example illustrate -
The development of a child does not take a straight path, it turns back and then moves forward again .
A
Principle of uniformity
B
Principle of spiral advancement
C
Development is uni-directional
D
Development is discontinous
Question 29Single Answer
.......... principle of development states that development of motor skills start from centre of the body and proceeds towards the extremities .
A
Spiral
B
Specificity
C
Proximodistal
D
Cephalocaudal
Question 30Single Answer
Motor and cognitive development happens :
A
Till the period of childhood
B
Till the period of adolescence
C
Till the period of adulthood
D
Throughout the lifespan
Question 31Single Answer
Cognitive development among children is the result of :
A
Only heredity
B
Only environment
C
Interection of heredity and environment
D
Only economic factors
Question 32Single Answer
Physical traits of colour of eyes and hair are .........
A
dominantly determined by environmental factors
B
inherited
C
influence by cultural factors
D
a result of interaction between heredity and environment
Question 33Single Answer
.......... is the primary agency of socialization of children .
A
School
B
Mass-media
C
Religion
D
Family
Question 34Single Answer
Which of these is not a primary agent of socialization ?
A
Family
B
Neighbourhood
C
Peers
D
Government
Question 35Single Answer
Process of primary socialisation begins from ....... .
A
Infancy
B
Childhood
C
Adolescence
D
Adulthood
Question 36Single Answer
Write true about peer group :
A
Has a significant role in secondary socialisation of childhood
B
Does not have any role in the socialisation of children
C
Has a small but insignificant role in the socialisation of children
D
Is not an agency of secondary socialisation
Question 37Single Answer
Many parents demanded a ban on the popular cartoon show Shinchan as their children were imitating the central character's 'unruly' behaviour. This illustrates .......... is/are an important agency of socialization .
A
Media
B
Peers
C
Neighbourhood
D
Religion
Question 38Single Answer
Which of the following are secondary agencies of socialization ?
(i) Family
(ii) Media
(iii) Religious institutions
(iv) School
A
(i), (ii), (iv)
B
(i), (iii), (iv)
C
(ii), (iii), (iv)
D
(i), (iv)
Question 39Single Answer
Teachers are advised to involve their learners in group activities because, besides facilitating learning, they also help in :
A
Anxiety
B
Socialization
C
Value conflicts
D
Aggression
Question 40Single Answer
The most intense and crucial socialization takes place
A
During early childhood
B
Daring adulthood
C
Throughout the life a person
D
During adolescence
Question 41Single Answer
Which of the following is true of school and socialization ?
A
School is the first primary agent of socialization
B
School is an important agent of socialization
C
School does not play any role in socialization
D
School plays very little role in socialization
Question 42Single Answer
Which of the following is/are the social and cultural forces that affect the growth and development of a child ?
I. Prenatal and family care received by a child
II. The quality of schooling received by a child
III. The quality of peer group relationship and company of a child
A
I, II and III
B
Both I and III
C
Both II and III
D
Both I and II
Question 43Single Answer
........ provides a comprehensive picture of cognitive development from birth to of 14 or 15 years when cognitive the age development attains the peak .
A
Pavlov Theory
B
Piaget's Theory
C
Bandura Theory
D
B.F. Skinner Theory
Question 44Single Answer
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a 'five to seven years old learner' ?
A
They can plan activities
B
They can use logical reasoning
C
They ask questions all the time
D
They can use their mind imaginations
Question 45Single Answer
The language development of the children begins from ........... .
A
the age of 2 years
B
the age of 1 year
C
the birth's cry
D
the age of 5 years
Question 46Single Answer
Which of the following is a part of Procedural Role ?
A
To provide opportunities for self direction and choice
B
To explicitly demonstrate and model learning strategies
C
To encourage discussion about learning
D
To take on a guiding, questioning approach
Question 47Single Answer
To which of the following is the Social historical theory of cognitive development is related ?
I. Piaget
II. Vygotsky
A
Only I
B
Neither I nor II
C
Only II
D
Both I and II
Question 48Single Answer
From birth, every child have access to high quality learning opportunities for language, literacy and :
A
Science
B
Social science
C
Mathematics
D
All of the above
Question 49Single Answer
An infant's brain is very impressionable and it is much easier to learn some skills, including during the early years .
A
Literacy
B
Writing
C
Language
D
Learning
Question 50Single Answer
The organization of learning resources by the teacher help her/him to achieve the objectives successfully. Identify the statement that is not related to organising the learning resource :
A
Generating learning environment
B
Implementing teaching activities
C
Organising of learning resource
D
Formulation of learning objectives
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Educational Leadership and Administrative Efficiency
Question 51Single Answer
The developmental objectives in the curriculum framework for early childhood development is towards :
A
Physical development
B
Cognitive development
C
Social development
D
All of the above
Question 52Single Answer
Is a change measurable in terms of height and size :
A
Growth
B
Maturation
C
Development
D
All of the above
Question 53Single Answer
The cognitive ability that comes in preoperational period in is :
A
Ability for abstracting thing
B
Ability of goal-directed behaviour
C
Ability to take other's perspective
D
Hypo-thetico deductive thinking
Question 54Single Answer
According to Piaget it is very important for a teacher to be .......... and .......... .
A
Mobile : flexible
B
structured ; rigid
C
empathetic ; transparent
D
mechanical ; behavioristic
Question 55Single Answer
In the views of Lev Vygotsky -
A
Cognition is independent of language
B
Cognitive development guides language development
C
Language facilitate cognitive development
D
Cognitive development is not related to language development
Question 56Single Answer
The concept of 'zone of Proximal Development' has been proposed by :
A
Jerome Bruner
B
David Ausubel
C
Robert M. Gagne
D
Lev Vygotsky
Question 57Single Answer
Which statement correctly lays out the fundamental principle of Lev Vygotsky's theory ?
A
Learning is a un-conscious process
B
Learning is a social activity
C
Learning is genetically programmed
D
Learning is a discontinuous process that occurs in four stages
Question 58Single Answer
According to Piaget, at which of the following stages does a child begin to think logically about abstract propositions ?
A
Seniori-motor stage (Birth 02 years)
B
Pre-operational stage (2-7 years)
C
Concrete operational stage (7-11 years)
D
Formal operational stage (11 years and above)
Question 59Single Answer
The concept of 'collective monologue' has been given by :
A
Jean Piaget
B
Lev Vygotsky
C
Jerome Brunner
D
Albert Bandura
Question 60Single Answer
In a Vygotskian classroom, when a small group of classmates work towards reaching a common goal, they are engaging in ......... .
A
reciprocal teaching
B
cooperative teaching
C
scaffolding
D
inner speech
Question 61Single Answer
According to Piaget, the unfolding of biological changes that are genetically programmed is called :
A
equilibration
B
adaption
C
maturation
D
social transmission
Question 62Single Answer
Children talking aloud to themselves :
A
is an indication of their egocentricism
B
helps them to regulate their thinking
C
hinders their psychological and language development
D
is an identifier of severe behavioural problems
Question 63Single Answer
Which of the following are examples of cultural tools that aid and change our functioning as per Lev Vygotsky's theory ?
(i) Maps
(ii) Language
(iii) Calculator
(iv) Scheme
A
(ii) and (iv)
B
(i) and (iii)
C
(i), (ii) and (iii)
D
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Question 64Single Answer
According to Lev Vygotsky, the process of cognitive development is mediated by :
A
Cultural Tools
B
Cultural Modes
C
Cultural Signifiers
D
Cultural Derivatives
Question 65Single Answer
Development in 'Zone of Proximal Development' according to Lev Vygotsky can be facilitated through :
A
Collaborative dialogues
B
Observational learning
C
Reversible thinking
D
Expository learning
Question 66Single Answer
.......... occurs when children transform their experiences to fit into their existing schemes .
A
Assimilation
B
Accomodation
C
Centration
D
Conservation
Question 67Single Answer
Lev Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is called a .......... theory as he argues that children's learning takes place in a context .
A
psycho-dynamic
B
psychosexual
C
social-cultural
D
behaviouristic
Question 68Single Answer
Assessment for learning includes :
(i) Assessment before, during and after the teaching-learning .
(ii) Self-assessment .
(iii) Formal as well as informal procedures .
(iv) Feedback for students and the process of teaching-learning .
A
(i) (iv)
B
(i) (ii) (iv)
C
(i) (iii) (iv)
D
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Question 69Single Answer
Assessment for learning
A
Fosters motivation
B
Is done for the purpose of segregation and ranking
C
Emphasis the overall importance of grades
D
Is an exclusive and a per se assessment activity
Question 70Single Answer
Assessment ........... learning influences-learning by reinforcing the ........... between assessment and instruction .
A
Of ; difference
B
Of ; variance
C
For ; connections
D
For ; difference
Question 71Single Answer
Which of the following method is suitable for the purpose of 'assessment for learning' ?
A
Exams only once a year
B
Regular documentation of children's conceptual progress
C
Standardised tests
D
Quiz based only on recall
Question 72Single Answer
Continuous and comprehensive evaluation entails which of these :
(i) planning on parameters and tools of evaluation
(ii) maticulous record keeping by the teacher
(iii) periodic testing and ranking of children
(iv) integration with the teaching-learning process
Choose the correct options :
A
(i), (ii) and (iv)
B
(ii) and (iv)
C
(i), (ii) and (iii)
D
(ii) and (iii)
Question 73Single Answer
The primary goal of continuous and comprehensive evaluation is :
A
to compare student's performance with one author
B
to assess children's understanding and modify the curriculum and pedagogy for students
C
to assign ranks to students as per their performance
D
to declare students as 'pass' or 'fail' in particular subjects
Question 74Single Answer
To ensure 'assessment for learning' a teacher should :
A
make comparisons amongst students based on their grades
B
analyse the work of each child and determine the gaps in their learning
C
Only give yes-no questions in an assessment test
D
test the recall capacity of children on a paper-pencil test
Question 75Single Answer
The use of technology to enhance learning process is called _______ in education .
A
IT
B
ICT
C
Information technology
D
Communication technology
Question 76Single Answer
Father of behaviorism
A
J.B. Watson
B
B.F. Skinner
C
Sigmund Freud
D
Jean Piaget
Question 77Single Answer
The strategy that strengthens the right learning is
A
Punishment
B
Reinforcement
C
Praise
D
Condemn
Question 78Single Answer
The behaviour that occurred due to the active participation of an organism is
A
Respondent behavior
B
Emitted behavior
C
Operant behavior
D
Positive behaviour
Question 79Single Answer
Negative reinforcement means -
A
Punishment
B
Neglecting
C
Avoiding to reward
D
Creating avoidance response
Question 80Single Answer
Punishment means -
A
The process of conditioning forcibly
B
Physical tortures
C
Mental tortures
D
Negative reinforcement
Question 81Single Answer
Positive reinforcement is called
A
Prize
B
Praise
C
Pleasant stimuli
D
Aversive stimuli
Question 82Single Answer
"Individual learns from his own mistakes" This statement is based on which learning theory ?
A
Instrumental conditioning
B
Insight
C
Trial & Error
D
Classical conditioning
Question 83Single Answer
What should be the role of teacher in meeting the individual differences ?
A
Try to know the abilities, interest and aptitude of individuals
B
Try to adjust the curriculum as per the needs of individuals
C
Both (A) and (B)
D
None of these
Question 84Single Answer
Teachers should present information to the students clearly and in interesting way, and relate this new information to the things students :
A
don't know
B
already know
C
willing to know
D
not willing to know
Question 85Single Answer
At the pre-primary stage reading aloud while writing is given importance. This is based on which theory of learning ?
A
Trial & Error
B
Conditioning
C
Insight
D
Imitation
Question 86Single Answer
Children are usually egocentric during _____ and _____ stages .
A
Sensorimotor, Preoperational
B
Formal operational, Sensorimotor
C
Preoperational, Concrete operational
D
Concrete operational, Formal operational
Question 87Single Answer
The curriculum of educational institutes should be based on :
A
theory
B
practice
C
theory and practice
D
theory, practice and research
Question 88Single Answer
The concept of perennialism in education means school curricula should focus on what is :
A
in need
B
in demand
C
important
D
everlastin
Question 89Single Answer
The ______ curriculum consists of the courses, lessons, and learning activities students participate in .
A
Hidden
B
Formal
C
Null
D
Written
Question 90Single Answer
Hidden Curriculum is ........
A
Usually unintentionally taught
B
A purposeful topic
C
A textbook
D
An ex
Question 91Single Answer
........ should be followed by the teacher to facilitate learning of children from diverse backgrounds .
A
Standardized curriculum
B
Textbook centric pedagogy
C
Differentiated instructional styles
D
Summative assessment
Question 92Single Answer
Multi-cultural Education is aimed at ?
A
Educational equality for children form different cultures within a classroom
B
Educational equality for children form different cultures within a classroom
C
Showcasing dances/music of different cultures on specific occasions like annual day of school
D
Creating special sections in schools for children belonging to different cultures
Question 93Single Answer
Inclusion of students with diverse learning needs requires ?
A
Fixed seating arrangement
B
Flexible curriculum
C
Standardised assessment
D
Textbook-centered pedagogy
Question 94Single Answer
For successful inclusion of students belonging to diverse cultural backgrounds, which of the following should be avoided by the teacher :
A
Acknowledge and Respect every student
B
Give priority to the experiences of dominant groups
C
Incorporate diversity in the content of teaching
D
Practice cultural sensitivity in classroom
Question 95Single Answer
Which of the following practice promotes inclusion in education ?
A
Corporal punishment to student
B
Learning for competitive exams
C
Respect for diversity
D
Standardized curriculum
Question 96Single Answer
What should a teacher do in a classroom that has learners from diverse linguistic backgrounds ?
A
Penalize learners whenever they speak in their mother tongue
B
Create a culture of appreciation by encouraging them to talk about their language and dialect
C
Tell the students to speak only in the standard language prescribed by the school
D
Ask the students from marginalized community to enrol in home tutions
Question 97Single Answer
Learning of students from disadvantaged sections should be promoted by ?
A
asking them to keep home tutions
B
giving them lot of recall based worksheets
C
inducing fear and shame of failure
D
providing appropriate pedagogical support
Question 98Single Answer
What should a teacher do for learners from disadvantaged and deprived community in her classroom ?
A
Ask to get extra help from outside the school
B
Make special sections for students
C
Make ability based groups
D
Form collaborative groups that use group diversity for enhancing learning
Question 99Single Answer
Special education in special schools for students with learning difficulties :
A
is not desirable since it can be overly restrictive for the learners
B
is desirable so that learners with learning difficulties are segregated from those without learning difficulties
C
is desirable so that education of learners with learning difficulties centres around only vocationalization
D
is not desirable since it is expensive and demanding for the teachers
Question 100Single Answer
Which of the following disability is directly associated with the difficulty in social interactions ?
A
Autism
B
Dyslexia
C
Locomotor Disability
D
Visual impairment
Question 101Single Answer
A child who has partial vision :
A
should be encouraged to opt for home based education
B
needs to be in a separate institution
C
should become a part of a regular school with inclusive provision
D
should be in a regular school with no special provisions to encouraging coking behaviours
Question 102Single Answer
Which of the following factors hinders successful inclusion of students with locomotor disabilities ?
A
Flexible curriculum
B
Inaccessible infrastructure
C
Empathetic attitude
D
Comprehensive evaluation
Question 103Single Answer
Which of the following learning disability directly affects the ability to perform mathematical calculations ?
A
Dyscalculia
B
Dysgraphia
C
Dyslexia
D
Dyspraxia
Question 104Single Answer
Dyslexia is primarily associated with difficult in ?
A
Reading
B
Singing
C
Thinking
D
Walking
Question 105Single Answer
A student experiencing learned helplessness is likely to :
A
Showing enthusiasm in learning
B
Focus on mastery-oriented goals
C
Focus on performance-oriented approach goals
D
Withdraw from learning activities
Question 106Single Answer
Which of the following set of learning materials is suitable for students who are partially sighted ?
(i) Large-print books
(ii) Three-dimensional ways and charts
(iii) Small-print worksheets
(iv) Software that convert text to speech
Choose the correct options :
A
(i), (iii) and (iv)
B
(i), (ii) and (iv)
C
(ii), (iii) and (iv)
D
(i) (ii) (iii) and (iv)
Question 107Single Answer
Referring to similar problems to arrive at the solution for given problem is referred as ?
A
Analogy
B
Hypothesis-testing
C
Mnemonics
D
Means-end analysis
Question 108Single Answer
Inappropriate sizing and spacing of letters, mixing of cursive and print letters, and incorrect spelling' are identifying characteristics of ........
A
Dyslexia
B
Dysgraphia
C
Dyscalculia
D
Dysophonia
Question 109Single Answer
A child is facing regular difficulty in writing. She also experiences a challenge information of alphabets and spacing of words. These characteristics hints towards which of the following learning disability ?
A
Dyslexia
B
Dysgraphia
C
Dyscalculia
D
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Question 110Single Answer
Inclusive education includes ?
(i) Students with learning disability .
(ii) Gifted students .
(iii) Students with visual impairment .
(iv) Students from marginalized communities .
Choose the correct option :
A
(i) and (ii)
B
(i), (iii) and (iv)
C
(i), (ii) and (iii)
D
(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)
Question 111Single Answer
What are the identifying characteristics of dyscalculia ?
A
Impaired maths calculation skills and difficulty in understanding numbers and maths facts
B
Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity
C
Originality, fluency, flexibility
D
Difficulty in muscle control, movement and coordination
Question 112Single Answer
Which of the following should be practiced in an inclusive classroom ?
A
Diagnostic labelling
B
Reasonable accommodation
C
Segregation of children
D
Competitive classroom ehtos
Question 113Single Answer
Inclusive education is based on the principle of :
A
Social survival and globalization
B
World brotherhood
C
Social balance
D
Equality and equal opportunity
Question 114Single Answer
.......... is the process of influencing other's behaviour towards the fulfilment of a definite objective or a goal in a given situation .
A
Motivation
B
Leadership
C
Organisation
D
Teaching
Question 115Single Answer
Who said that "Leadership is the behaviour of an individual directing the activities of a group towards a shared goal ?"
A
Hemphill and coons
B
Stogdill
C
Thomas Carlyle
D
Burns
Question 116Single Answer
Leadership and interconnected .......... are closely
A
Punishment
B
Management
C
Motivation
D
None of these
Question 117Single Answer
Which of the following is the importance of leadership ?
A
Good leadership from teachers motivates students to achieve their goals
B
Leadership helps to maximise efficiency to achieve educational objective
C
It focuses more on group objective rather than individual goals
D
All of the above
Question 118Single Answer
If the followers are able and unwilling, then leader will have to use the
A
authoritarian style
B
participative style
C
situational style
D
strategic style
Question 119Single Answer
Which one of the following is a characteristic of autocratic leader ?
A
Strict
B
Incompetent
C
Benevolent
D
Free-rein
Question 120Single Answer
It is a desire to maximise one's potential and to become what one is capable of becoming. The reference is to
A
self-esteem needs
B
self-actualisation needs
C
physiological needs
D
security needs
Question 121Single Answer
This type of power largely stems from personalised leader qualities .
A
Coercive power
B
Coercive negative power
C
Coercive positive power
D
Persuasive power
Question 122Single Answer
Which one of the following leadership is based on organisational status ?
A
Informal leadership
B
Diplomatic leadership
C
Charismatic leadership
D
Bureaucratic leadership
Question 123Single Answer
The Greatman theory of leadership led to the rise of
A
the behavioural theory of leadership
B
the trait theory of leadership
C
the situational theory of leadership
D
None of the above
Question 124Single Answer
In this style, the leader is authoritarian, "task-oriented, derives power from his authority position and levels his team with instructions and discipline." The leadership style is known as
A
high-low management style
B
high-high management style
C
low-high management style
D
low-low management style
Question 125Single Answer
The democratic leadership style goes with
A
Theory X
B
Theory Y
C
Theory Z
D
None of these
Question 126Single Answer
The authoritarian leadership style goes with
A
Theory X
B
Theory Y
C
Theory Z
D
None of these
Question 127Single Answer
Which of the following leadership styles permits substantial delegation of authority to subordinates and allows them to set objectives and solve problems themselves ?
A
Autocratic
B
Democratic
C
Permissive
D
All of the above
Question 128Single Answer
Which one will be the best suitable adjective of a leader ?
A
Inspirational
B
Motivated
C
Authoritative
D
Dictator
Question 129Single Answer
In leadership, what type of mistake mostly occurs ?
A
Failure to promote talented staff
B
Failure to listen to staff
C
Failure to provide an adequate feedback
D
Failure to make decisions
Question 130Single Answer
Which of the following statement(s) is are false about leadership ?
A
Leadership doesn't necessarily take place within a hierarchical structure of organisation
B
When people operates as leaders, their role is always clearly established and defined
C
Not every leader is a manager
D
All of the above
Question 131Single Answer
What does the term "maturation" primarily refer to?
A
Environmental influences on development
B
Learned behaviors
C
Genetically driven biological changes
D
Social interactions
Question 132Single Answer
Which principle of development suggests that different areas of development progress at varying rates?
A
Principle of uniformity
B
Principle of individual differences
C
Principle of continuity
D
Principle of interaction
Question 133Single Answer
Which debate centers on the relative contributions of genetic inheritance and environmental factors to human development?
A
Nature vs nurture
B
Stability vs change
C
Continuity vs discontinuity
D
Quantitative vs qualitative
Question 134Single Answer
What is a key developmental challenge of adolescence?
A
Establishing basic trust
B
Developing a sense of identity
C
Learning to walk
D
Adjusting to retirement
Question 135Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of "growth" in a child?
A
Learning to read
B
Increase in height and weight
C
Developing empathy
D
Forming friendships
Question 136Single Answer
The concept of "readiness" in learning is most closely related to:
A
Environmental stimulation
B
Maturation
C
Social interaction
D
Cognitive strategies
Question 137Single Answer
Development is considered a lifelong process, indicating it is:
A
Linear
B
Static
C
Continuous
D
Segmented
Question 138Single Answer
What is the primary focus of "developmental tasks"?
A
Physical exercise routines
B
Age-appropriate skills and challenges
C
Academic achievement standards
D
Social conformity expectations
Question 139Single Answer
Which principle of development emphasizes the interconnectedness of different developmental domains?
A
Principle of sequentiality
B
Principle of integration
C
Principle of differentiation
D
Principle of canalization
Question 140Single Answer
What is the significance of understanding the principles of development for teachers?
A
To enforce strict discipline
B
To tailor instruction to learners' needs
C
To standardize teaching methods
D
To ignore individual differences
Question 141Single Answer
Which domain of development involves changes in thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving?
A
Physical
B
Cognitive
C
Socio-emotional
D
Moral
Question 142Single Answer
What does the socio-emotional domain of development focus on?
A
Motor skills
B
Emotional regulation and social interactions
C
Abstract thinking
D
Ethical reasoning
Question 143Single Answer
Which domain of development is associated with the acquisition of moral values and ethical principles?
A
Physical
B
Cognitive
C
Socio-emotional
D
Moral
Question 144Single Answer
What is the role of physical development in a child's overall growth?
A
Enhancing cognitive abilities
B
Supporting motor skills and physical health
C
Improving social interactions
D
Fostering moral reasoning
Question 145Single Answer
Piaget's stages of cognitive development highlight:
A
Physical milestones
B
Sequential changes in thinking patterns
C
Emotional maturity levels
D
Moral judgment variations
Question 146Single Answer
Erikson's psychosocial stages emphasize the development of:
A
Physical strength
B
Cognitive strategies
C
Personality and social skills
D
Moral principles
Question 147Single Answer
Which of the following is an example of cognitive development in early childhood?
A
Learning to run
B
Developing language skills
C
Forming close friendships
D
Understanding fairness
Question 148Single Answer
What is the significance of socio-emotional development in a school setting?
A
To enhance physical fitness
B
To improve academic performance
C
To foster positive relationships and emotional well-being
D
To develop critical thinking skills
Question 149Single Answer
What is the role of moral development in shaping a child's behavior?
A
Enhancing motor skills
B
Guiding ethical decision-making
C
Improving problem-solving abilities
D
Fostering physical growth
Question 150Single Answer
How does physical development impact other domains of development?
A
It has no impact
B
It provides a foundation for cognitive and socio-emotional growth
C
It primarily affects moral reasoning
D
It only influences language development
Question 151Single Answer
What is a common implication of developmental deviations for a learner?
A
Enhanced social skills
B
Learning difficulties
C
Improved physical coordination
D
Advanced moral reasoning
Question 152Single Answer
Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability that affects:
A
Reading skills
B
Writing skills
C
Mathematical abilities
D
Social skills
Question 153Single Answer
What is the importance of early identification of developmental deviations?
A
To label children
B
To provide timely intervention
C
To exclude children
D
To ignore individual needs
Question 154Single Answer
How does inclusive education benefit learners with developmental deviations?
A
By segregating them
B
By providing a supportive learning environment
C
By ignoring their needs
D
By focusing only on academic skills
Question 155Single Answer
What is a common socio-emotional challenge faced by learners with developmental deviations?
A
Enhanced empathy
B
Social isolation
C
Increased self-esteem
D
Improved communication skills
Question 156Single Answer
What is the primary focus of individualized education programs (IEPs) for learners with developmental deviations?
A
Standardized curriculum
B
Personalized learning goals
C
Segregated instruction
D
Uniform teaching methods
Question 157Single Answer
How can teachers support learners with ADHD in the classroom?
A
By providing lengthy assignments
B
By minimizing distractions
C
By ignoring their needs
D
By enforcing strict discipline
Question 158Single Answer
What is a key implication of developmental deviations for a learner's self-concept?
A
Enhanced self-awareness
B
Lowered self-esteem
C
Increased social confidence
D
Improved emotional regulation
Question 159Single Answer
How does understanding developmental deviations help teachers create an inclusive classroom environment?
A
By promoting segregation
B
By adapting teaching strategies
C
By ignoring individual differences
D
By enforcing strict rules
Question 160Single Answer
What is the term for a developmental deviation affecting physical coordination and movement?
A
Dyscalculia
B
Dyslexia
C
Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD)
D
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Question 161Single Answer
What is a common cognitive implication of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a child?
A
Improved memory
B
Difficulty with attention and concentration
C
Enhanced problem-solving skills
D
Increased language fluency
Question 162Single Answer
What is the role of occupational therapy for learners with physical developmental deviations?
A
To improve academic performance
B
To enhance fine motor skills and daily living skills
C
To address emotional challenges
D
To improve cognitive abilities
Question 163Single Answer
What is a key challenge for learners with sensory processing disorders?
A
Enhanced sensory perception
B
Difficulty regulating sensory input
C
Improved physical coordination
D
Increased social interaction
Question 164Single Answer
What is the importance of parental involvement in supporting learners with developmental deviations?
A
To minimize teacher involvement
B
To ensure consistent support and advocacy
C
To shift responsibility away from the school
D
To ignore the learner's needs
Question 165Single Answer
What is the term for the ability of the brain to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life?
A
Maturation
B
Growth
C
Plasticity
D
Development
Question 166Single Answer
What is a common emotional implication of having a learning disability?
A
Increased emotional resilience
B
Feelings of frustration and anxiety
C
Enhanced self-confidence
D
Improved emotional regulation
Question 167Single Answer
How does the concept of "scaffolding" relate to supporting learners with developmental deviations?
A
By providing minimal assistance
B
By offering temporary support to facilitate learning
C
By ignoring individual needs
D
By enforcing strict rules
Question 168Single Answer
What is the role of speech therapy for learners with communication-related developmental deviations?
A
To improve physical coordination
B
To enhance language and communication skills
C
To address emotional challenges
D
To improve mathematical abilities
Question 169Single Answer
What is a key implication of developmental deviations for a learner's social skills?
A
Enhanced social awareness
B
Difficulty forming and maintaining relationships
C
Increased social confidence
D
Improved communication skills
Question 170Single Answer
Which of the following is a key aspect of cognitive development that may be affected by certain developmental deviations?
A
Gross motor skills
B
Abstract reasoning
C
Emotional regulation
D
Physical stamina
Question 171Single Answer
What is the purpose of assistive technology in supporting learners with developmental deviations?
A
To replace human interaction
B
To provide tools that enhance learning and participation
C
To isolate learners from their peers
D
To standardize the curriculum
Question 172Single Answer
What is a common challenge for learners with executive function deficits?
A
Improved physical coordination
B
Difficulty with planning and organization
C
Enhanced emotional regulation
D
Increased social awareness
Question 173Single Answer
How does the concept of "universal design for learning (UDL)" benefit learners with developmental deviations?
A
By providing a standardized curriculum
B
By offering flexible learning options
C
By segregating learners based on their needs
D
By ignoring individual differences
Question 174Single Answer
What is a key consideration for teachers when addressing the moral development of learners with developmental deviations?
A
Enforcing strict rules
B
Providing clear and consistent expectations
C
Ignoring ethical dilemmas
D
Promoting conformity
Question 175Single Answer
What is the significance of understanding the "zone of proximal development (ZPD)" in supporting learners with developmental deviations?
A
It promotes independent learning without support
B
It helps identify the optimal level of challenge for learning
C
It ignores individual differences
D
It focuses on standardized teaching methods
Question 176Single Answer
How can teachers foster a sense of belonging for learners with developmental deviations?
A
By promoting segregation
B
By creating a supportive and inclusive classroom community
C
By ignoring their needs
D
By enforcing strict rules
Question 177Single Answer
What is a common physical implication of certain genetic developmental deviations?
A
Enhanced physical fitness
B
Variations in muscle tone and coordination
C
Improved sensory perception
D
Increased physical stamina
Question 178Single Answer
What is the role of a school psychologist in supporting learners with developmental deviations?
A
To provide medical treatment
B
To assess and address learning and behavioral needs
C
To replace the role of the teacher
D
To enforce strict discipline
Question 179Single Answer
How does early childhood intervention benefit learners with potential developmental deviations?
A
By guaranteeing high intelligence
B
By maximizing brain plasticity and minimizing long-term impacts
C
By eliminating all future challenges
D
By ensuring complete recovery
Question 180Single Answer
What is a primary psychological need of adolescents?
