Question for UPESSC Assistant Professor (Botany) 2026 - Quiz / Questions / MCQ

Objective Questions

Latest UPESSC Assistant Professor Botany Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : General Knowledge, Optional Subject (Botany)

Question Bank UPESSC Assistant Professor (Botany) Exam - English

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General Knowledge

Question 1Single Answer

Who presented the Union Budget 2026–27 in Parliament?

A
Amit Shah
B
Piyush Goyal
C
Nirmala Sitharaman
D
Rajnath Singh

Question 2Single Answer

The Union Budget 2026–27 was the first Union Budget prepared in which building?

A
Kartavya Bhawan
B
North Block
C
Parliament House
D
Vigyan Bhawan

Question 3Single Answer

The Union Budget 2026–27 was inspired by how many 'Kartavyas'?

A
Three
B
Two
C
Four
D
Five

Question 4Single Answer

Total expenditure estimated in the Union Budget 2026–27 was approximately:

A
Rs 43.5 lakh crore
B
Rs 48.5 lakh crore
C
Rs 53.5 lakh crore
D
Rs 63.5 lakh crore

Question 5Single Answer

The New Income Tax Act, 2025 came into effect from:

A
January 2026
B
April 2026
C
July 2026
D
April 2027

Question 6Single Answer

India celebrated its _____ Republic Day on 26 January 2026.

A
77th
B
76th
C
75th
D
78th

Question 7Single Answer

Who was one of the Chief Guests at India's Republic Day celebrations in 2026?

A
Emmanuel Macron
B
António Costa
C
Keir Starmer
D
Friedrich Merz

Question 8Single Answer

Ursula von der Leyen attended India's Republic Day 2026 as the:

A
President of France
B
President of the European Commission
C
President of European Council
D
UN General Assembly President

Question 9Single Answer

António Costa is the President of the:

A
European Commission
B
European Parliament
C
European Central Bank
D
European Council

Question 10Single Answer

Republic Day 2026 highlighted 150 years of which national song?

A
Vande Mataram
B
Sare Jahan Se Achha
C
Jana Gana Mana
D
Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon

Question 11Single Answer

How many Padma Awards were approved for 2026?

A
121
B
131
C
125
D
139

Question 12Single Answer

How many Padma Vibhushan awards were announced for 2026?

A
5
B
3
C
7
D
10

Question 13Single Answer

How many Padma Bhushan awards were announced for 2026?

A
10
B
11
C
15
D
13

Question 14Single Answer

How many Padma Shri awards were announced for 2026?

A
103
B
113
C
108
D
118

Question 15Single Answer

The Padma Awards are traditionally announced on the occasion of:

A
Independence Day
B
Gandhi Jayanti
C
Republic Day
D
Constitution Day

Question 16Single Answer

The 20th Asian Games 2026 are being hosted by which country?

A
China
B
South Korea
C
India
D
Japan

Question 17Single Answer

The 2026 Asian Games are primarily being organised in which region?

A
Aichi–Nagoya
B
Osaka–Kyoto
C
Tokyo–Yokohama
D
Sapporo–Hakodate

Question 18Single Answer

On which date did the 20th Asian Games officially open?

A
10 September 2026
B
15 September 2026
C
19 September 2026
D
22 September 2026

Question 19Single Answer

The 2026 Asian Games are scheduled to conclude on which date?

A
4 October
B
2 October
C
30 September
D
10 October

Question 20Single Answer

Approximately how many countries and regions are participating in the 2026 Asian Games?

A
35
B
40
C
50
D
45

Question 21Single Answer

How many sports are included in the 2026 Asian Games programme?

A
43
B
40
C
38
D
48

Question 22Single Answer

Which edition of the Asian Games is being held in 2026?

A
18th
B
19th
C
21st
D
20th

Question 23Single Answer

Japan previously hosted the Asian Games in 1958 in which city?

A
Osaka
B
Nagoya
C
Hiroshima
D
Tokyo

Question 24Single Answer

Japan's second hosting of the Asian Games took place in 1994 in which city?

A
Kyoto
B
Nagoya
C
Hiroshima
D
Kobe

Question 25Single Answer

Which sport made its Asian Games debut in 2026?

A
Hockey
B
Mixed martial arts
C
Badminton
D
Archery

Question 26Single Answer

Which racket sport is among the new additions to the 2026 Asian Games?

A
Racquetball
B
Squash
C
Padel
D
Tennis

Question 27Single Answer

Which sport combining elements of football and table tennis is included as a new sport in the 2026 Asian Games?

A
Footvolley
B
Sepak takraw
C
Futsal
D
Teqball

Question 28Single Answer

Approximately how many medal events are included in the 2026 Asian Games?

A
469
B
419
C
369
D
569

Question 29Single Answer

Which country has traditionally dominated the Asian Games medal table since 1982?

A
Japan
B
China
C
India
D
South Korea

Question 30Single Answer

The 2026 Asian Games also serve as qualifiers for some events at which Olympic Games?

A
Salt Lake City 2034
B
Brisbane 2032
C
Paris 2024
D
Los Angeles 2028

Optional Subject (Botany)

Question 31Single Answer

The term “cell” was first coined by:

A
Robert Brown
B
Robert Hooke
C
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
D
Matthias Schleiden

Question 32Single Answer

Robert Hooke observed cells for the first time in:

A
Onion peel
B
Bacterial culture
C
Cork
D
Leaf epidermis

Question 33Single Answer

The first living cells were observed by:

A
Robert Hooke
B
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
C
Rudolf Virchow
D
Theodor Schwann

Question 34Single Answer

The cell theory was primarily proposed by:

A
Watson and Crick
B
Brown and Hooke
C
Hooke and Virchow
D
Schleiden and Schwann

Question 35Single Answer

“Omnis cellula e cellula” was proposed by:

A
Robert Brown
B
Schwann
C
Schleiden
D
Rudolf Virchow

Question 36Single Answer

According to modern cell theory, new cells arise from:

A
Non-living matter
B
Extracellular matrix
C
Cell walls only
D
Pre-existing cells

Question 37Single Answer

Which organism lacks a typical cellular organization?

A
Bacterium
B
Yeast
C
Amoeba
D
Virus

Question 38Single Answer

The smallest known free-living cellular organisms belong to:

A
Mycoplasma
B
Bacillus
C
Nostoc
D
Saccharomyces

Question 39Single Answer

Prokaryotic cells characteristically lack:

A
DNA
B
Ribosomes
C
Membrane-bound nucleus
D
Plasma membrane

Question 40Single Answer

The genetic material of a typical bacterium is located in the:

A
Nucleolus
B
Centrosome
C
Nucleoid
D
Lysosome

Question 41Single Answer

The principal bacterial chromosome is usually:

A
Linear and single-stranded
B
Circular and double-stranded
C
Linear and double-stranded
D
Circular and single-stranded

Question 42Single Answer

The ribosomes of prokaryotic cells are:

A
40S
B
60S
C
70S
D
80S

Question 43Single Answer

Cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotic cells are predominantly:

A
50S
B
80S
C
70S
D
60S

Question 44Single Answer

A 70S ribosome consists of:

A
40S and 30S subunits
B
50S and 20S subunits
C
60S and 40S subunits
D
50S and 30S subunits

Question 45Single Answer

An 80S ribosome consists of:

A
60S and 40S subunits
B
50S and 30S subunits
C
70S and 10S subunits
D
40S and 30S subunits

Question 46Single Answer

Which structure is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

A
Mitochondrion
B
Golgi apparatus
C
Nuclear envelope
D
Ribosome

Question 47Single Answer

A major feature distinguishing eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells is:

A
Presence of DNA
B
Presence of cytoplasm
C
Compartmentalization by membranes
D
Presence of ribosomes

Question 48Single Answer

Plasmids are:

A
Protein inclusions
B
Membrane vesicles
C
Extrachromosomal DNA molecules
D
Ribosomal subunits

Question 49Single Answer

Which structure is characteristic of cyanobacteria?

A
Thylakoid membrane system without chloroplasts
B
Chloroplast
C
Mitochondria
D
Golgi bodies

Question 50Single Answer

Prokaryotic cell division generally occurs by:

A
Mitosis
B
Meiosis
C
Budding only
D
Binary fission

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Optional Subject (Botany)

Question 51Single Answer

The bacterial cell membrane generally lacks:

A
Proteins
B
Sterols
C
Phospholipids
D
Transport proteins

Question 52Single Answer

The bacterial cell wall commonly contains:

A
Cellulose
B
Chitin
C
Peptidoglycan
D
Lignin

Question 53Single Answer

Archaeal cell walls characteristically lack:

A
Proteins
B
Peptidoglycan
C
Polysaccharides
D
Lipids

Question 54Single Answer

The major structural component of the plant cell wall is:

A
Glycogen
B
Cellulose
C
Peptidoglycan
D
Cholesterol

Question 55Single Answer

The middle lamella is particularly rich in:

A
Cellulose
B
Chitin
C
Pectin
D
Suberin

Question 56Single Answer

The primary cell wall is deposited:

A
Only after cell death
B
After formation of the secondary wall
C
While the cell is growing
D
Only during mitosis

Question 57Single Answer

The secondary cell wall is generally deposited:

A
Outside the middle lamella
B
Between the middle lamella and primary wall
C
Inside the primary wall
D
Outside the plasma membrane and middle lamella

Question 58Single Answer

Lignification primarily increases the cell wall's:

A
Flexibility
B
RNA content
C
Permeability
D
Mechanical strength

Question 59Single Answer

Plasmodesmata provide:

A
Sites of ATP production
B
Connections between chromosomes
C
Connections between adjacent plant cells
D
Ribosome assembly sites

Question 60Single Answer

The cytoplasmic continuum formed by interconnected plant cells is called the:

A
Symplast
B
Apoplast
C
Tonoplast
D
Periplasm

Question 61Single Answer

The apoplast primarily includes:

A
Cell walls and intercellular spaces
B
Cytoplasm and plasmodesmata
C
Nuclei of adjacent cells
D
Vacuoles only

Question 62Single Answer

Cellulose microfibrils are composed of chains of:

A
β-D-glucose
B
α-D-glucose
C
Fructose
D
Galactose only

Question 63Single Answer

Cellulose chains are linked mainly by:

A
α-1,4 glycosidic bonds
B
β-1,6 glycosidic bonds
C
α-1,6 glycosidic bonds
D
β-1,4 glycosidic bonds

Question 64Single Answer

Hemicelluloses in plant cell walls primarily:

A
Form DNA
B
Cross-link cellulose microfibrils
C
Produce ATP
D
Degrade pectin

Question 65Single Answer

Expansins are associated with:

A
DNA replication
B
Cell wall loosening
C
Mitochondrial respiration
D
Ribosome assembly

Question 66Single Answer

The fluid mosaic model of membrane structure was proposed by:

A
Watson and Crick
B
Danielli and Davson
C
Singer and Nicolson
D
Robertson and Hooke

Question 67Single Answer

The basic structural framework of biological membranes is a:

A
Protein bilayer
B
Phospholipid bilayer
C
Cellulose bilayer
D
Nucleoprotein bilayer

Question 68Single Answer

Membrane phospholipids are described as amphipathic because they contain:

A
Hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions
B
Two hydrophilic ends
C
Two hydrophobic ends
D
Only charged groups

Question 69Single Answer

The hydrophobic portion of a phospholipid consists primarily of:

A
Fatty acid tails
B
Phosphate groups
C
Sugar residues
D
Amino groups

Question 70Single Answer

Integral membrane proteins are:

A
Loosely attached to membrane surfaces only
B
Composed solely of carbohydrates
C
Present only in cell walls
D
Embedded within the lipid bilayer

Question 71Single Answer

Peripheral membrane proteins are generally:

A
Covalently attached to DNA
B
Loosely associated with membrane surfaces
C
Embedded through the entire bilayer
D
Located only in mitochondria

Question 72Single Answer

Membrane fluidity is strongly influenced by:

A
Lipid composition and temperature
B
DNA content only
C
Ribosome number
D
Cell-wall thickness only

Question 73Single Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids generally:

A
Increase membrane fluidity
B
Decrease membrane fluidity
C
Destroy membrane proteins
D
Eliminate phospholipids

Question 74Single Answer

Which process moves substances down their concentration gradient without direct ATP expenditure?

A
Active transport
B
Endocytosis
C
Passive transport
D
Exocytosis

Question 75Single Answer

Simple diffusion through a membrane is most suitable for:

A
Small nonpolar molecules
B
Large proteins
C
Ribosomes
D
Chromosomes

Question 76Single Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires:

A
ATP hydrolysis in every case
B
Cell-wall enzymes
C
DNA polymerase
D
Membrane transport proteins

Question 77Single Answer

Movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane is called:

A
Endocytosis
B
Osmosis
C
Exocytosis
D
Transcription

Question 78Single Answer

Aquaporins are membrane proteins specialized for transport of:

A
DNA
B
Water
C
Proteins
D
Cellulose

Question 79Single Answer

Primary active transport derives energy directly from:

A
ATP hydrolysis
B
Diffusion
C
Osmosis
D
Protein synthesis

Question 80Single Answer

Secondary active transport utilizes:

A
Only light energy
B
An ion electrochemical gradient
C
DNA hydrolysis
D
Cell-wall pressure alone

Question 81Single Answer

Transport of two different molecules in the same direction is termed:

A
Antiport
B
Uniport
C
Symport
D
Exocytosis

Question 82Single Answer

Transport of two substances in opposite directions is called:

A
Antiport
B
Symport
C
Uniport
D
Pinocytosis

Question 83Single Answer

A transporter moving only one type of solute is a:

A
Symporter
B
Antiporter
C
Uniporter
D
Cotransporter

Question 84Single Answer

The proton pump in plant plasma membranes is typically a:

A
Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase
B
H⁺-ATPase
C
DNA ATPase
D
Ca²⁺ synthase

Question 85Single Answer

Uptake of extracellular material through vesicle formation is:

A
Exocytosis
B
Endocytosis
C
Osmosis
D
Diffusion

Question 86Single Answer

Release of vesicle contents outside a cell occurs through:

A
Endocytosis
B
Pinocytosis
C
Phagocytosis
D
Exocytosis

Question 87Single Answer

Uptake of large particles by a cell is termed:

A
Pinocytosis
B
Osmosis
C
Exocytosis
D
Phagocytosis

Question 88Single Answer

Uptake of extracellular fluid in small vesicles is called:

A
Cytokinesis
B
Phagocytosis
C
Plasmolysis
D
Pinocytosis

Question 89Single Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis commonly involves vesicles coated with:

A
Actin
B
Tubulin only
C
Cellulose
D
Clathrin

Question 90Single Answer

COPII-coated vesicles primarily mediate transport from:

A
Golgi to ER
B
Lysosome to nucleus
C
ER to Golgi
D
Nucleus to mitochondrion

Question 91Single Answer

COPI-coated vesicles are strongly associated with:

A
DNA replication
B
Retrograde transport from Golgi to ER
C
Cell-wall synthesis
D
Chromosome separation

Question 92Single Answer

SNARE proteins primarily function in:

A
Vesicle targeting and membrane fusion
B
DNA synthesis
C
Cellulose synthesis
D
Chromosome condensation

Question 93Single Answer

Rab proteins are mainly involved in:

A
Ribosome assembly
B
Vesicular trafficking
C
DNA methylation
D
Cellulose hydrolysis

Question 94Single Answer

The membrane potential arises from:

A
Equal ion distribution
B
Unequal distribution of ions across a membrane
C
Absence of membrane proteins
D
DNA replication

Question 95Single Answer

A concentration gradient combined with an electrical gradient is termed the:

A
Osmotic coefficient
B
Mitotic gradient
C
Electrochemical gradient
D
Genetic gradient

Question 96Single Answer

Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell is placed in a:

A
Hypotonic solution
B
Isotonic solution only
C
Hypertonic solution
D
Distilled water

Question 97Single Answer

A plant cell becomes turgid in a:

A
Hypertonic solution
B
Plasmolysing solution
C
Highly concentrated salt solution
D
Hypotonic solution

Question 98Single Answer

The plasma membrane is described as selectively permeable because it:

A
Prevents movement of all substances
B
Contains only lipids
C
Contains only proteins
D
Permits differential passage of substances

Question 99Single Answer

Membrane carbohydrates occur predominantly as:

A
Glycoproteins and glycolipids
B
DNA and RNA
C
ATP and ADP
D
Cellulose only

Question 100Single Answer

Cell recognition often involves:

A
Cellulose microfibrils only
B
Chromosomal DNA only
C
Ribosomal RNA only
D
Surface carbohydrates

Question 101Single Answer

The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the:

A
Plasma membrane only
B
Tonoplast only
C
Outer nuclear membrane
D
Cell wall

Question 102Single Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is characterized by the presence of:

A
Ribosomes
B
Microtubules
C
Chromosomes
D
Centrioles

Question 103Single Answer

Rough ER is especially important in the synthesis of:

A
DNA
B
Cellulose
C
Secretory and membrane proteins
D
Glycogen only

Question 104Single Answer

Smooth ER is particularly involved in:

A
Ribosome synthesis
B
Lipid synthesis
C
Chromosome segregation
D
Cell-wall formation only

Question 105Single Answer

Detoxification of various chemicals is an important function of:

A
Nucleolus
B
Smooth ER
C
Centromere
D
Ribosome

Question 106Single Answer

The Golgi apparatus in plant cells is often represented by individual stacks called:

A
Centrioles
B
Dictyosomes
C
Nucleosomes
D
Mesosomes

Question 107Single Answer

The Golgi cis face is generally oriented toward the:

A
Plasma membrane exclusively
B
Vacuole only
C
Cell wall
D
Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 108Single Answer

The trans-Golgi face is primarily associated with:

A
Receiving newly synthesized proteins from ER
B
Sorting and dispatching cellular products
C
DNA replication
D
Ribosomal RNA transcription

Question 109Single Answer

The Golgi apparatus plays a major role in:

A
Protein modification and sorting
B
DNA replication
C
Glycolysis
D
Chromosome segregation

Question 110Single Answer

In plant cells, the Golgi apparatus contributes substantially to synthesis of:

A
Chlorophyll
B
DNA
C
Cell-wall polysaccharides
D
Histones

Question 111Single Answer

Lysosomes contain large quantities of:

A
Photosynthetic pigments
B
Hydrolytic enzymes
C
Ribosomal DNA
D
Cellulose

Question 112Single Answer

Lysosomal enzymes function optimally at approximately:

A
Strongly alkaline pH
B
Acidic pH
C
Neutral pH only
D
pH 12

Question 113Single Answer

Intracellular digestion of damaged organelles is known as:

A
Replication
B
Translation
C
Autophagy
D
Transcription

Question 114Single Answer

Endosomes primarily function in:

A
DNA replication
B
Sorting endocytosed materials
C
Photosynthesis
D
Mitosis only

Question 115Single Answer

Peroxisomes contain the enzyme:

A
Catalase
B
Pepsin
C
DNA polymerase
D
Amylase exclusively

Question 116Single Answer

Catalase converts hydrogen peroxide into:

A
Methane and oxygen
B
Glucose and water
C
Carbon dioxide and nitrogen
D
Water and oxygen

Question 117Single Answer

Plant peroxisomes are importantly associated with:

A
Photorespiration
B
Ribosome assembly
C
DNA replication
D
Cell-wall lignification only

Question 118Single Answer

Glyoxysomes are especially abundant in:

A
Root cap dead cells
B
Mature xylem vessels
C
Pollen walls only
D
Germinating oil-rich seeds

Question 119Single Answer

The glyoxylate cycle enables conversion of:

A
RNA into lipids
B
Proteins into DNA
C
Lipids into carbohydrate precursors
D
Cellulose into lignin

Question 120Single Answer

The vacuolar membrane is called the:

A
Tonoplast
B
Plasmalemma
C
Nuclear lamina
D
Middle lamella

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Latest UPESSC Assistant Professor Botany Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

General Knowledge

Optional Subject (Botany)

UPESSC Assistant Professor Botany Exam Online Question Bank Package

Optional Subject (Botany)

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