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Objective Questions

Latest UPSC Medical Officer Exam Question (Objective Questions), MCQ in English

Subjects : Surgery, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, Preventive & Social Medicine

Question Bank UPSC Medical Officer Exam Paper 2 - English
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Surgery

Question 1Single Answer
What is the primary goal of exploratory laparotomy ?
  1. A
    Removal of gallbladder stones
  2. B
    Examination of the abdominal cavity
  3. C
    Repair of hernias
  4. D
    Removal of kidney stones
Question 2Single Answer
Which surgical procedure is commonly performed for the treatment of appendicitis ?
  1. A
    Cholecystectomy
  2. B
    Appendectomy
  3. C
    Colostomy
  4. D
    Nephrectomy
Question 3Single Answer
In which condition would a surgeon perform a thyroidectomy ?
  1. A
    Gallstones
  2. B
    Thyroid cancer
  3. C
    Appendicitis
  4. D
    Hernia
Question 4Single Answer
What is the primary purpose of a mastectomy ?
  1. A
    Treatment of appendicitis
  2. B
    Removal of a breast
  3. C
    Repair of a hernia
  4. D
    Removal of kidney stones
Question 5Single Answer
Which surgical procedure is performed to remove a portion of the colon ?
  1. A
    Gastrectomy
  2. B
    Colectomy
  3. C
    Nephrectomy
  4. D
    Cholecystectomy
Question 6Single Answer
What is the primary objective of a hernia repair surgery ?
  1. A
    Removal of gallbladder stones
  2. B
    Closure of an abnormal opening in the abdominal wall
  3. C
    Treatment of appendicitis
  4. D
    Repair of damaged blood vessels
Question 7Single Answer
Which surgical procedure is commonly performed for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ?
  1. A
    Appendectomy
  2. B
    Cholecystectomy
  3. C
    Fundoplication
  4. D
    Colectomy
Question 8Single Answer
In what type of surgery is a laparoscope commonly used ?
  1. A
    Open-heart surgery
  2. B
    Knee replacement surgery
  3. C
    Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
  4. D
    Craniotomy
Question 9Single Answer
Which procedure involves the removal of a portion of the stomach for weight loss purposes ?
  1. A
    Appendectomy
  2. B
    Gastrectomy
  3. C
    Colectomy
  4. D
    Cholecystectomy
Question 10Single Answer
What is the primary goal of a vascular bypass surgery ?
  1. A
    Removal of a portion of the colon
  2. B
    Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  3. C
    Restoration of blood flow to a blocked or narrowed artery
  4. D
    Repair of a hernia
Question 11Single Answer
Which phase of wound healing is characterized by the migration of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen?
  1. A
    Hemostasis
  2. B
    Inflammation
  3. C
    Proliferation
  4. D
    Remodeling
Question 12Single Answer
What is the primary function of platelets during the initial phase of wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Vasodilation
  3. C
    Clot formation
  4. D
    Epithelialization
Question 13Single Answer
Which growth factor is crucial for angiogenesis during wound healing?
  1. A
    TGF-β
  2. B
    PDGF
  3. C
    VEGF
  4. D
    EGF
Question 14Single Answer
What is the role of macrophages in wound healing?
  1. A
    Initial clot formation
  2. B
    Collagen breakdown
  3. C
    Debridement and cytokine release
  4. D
    Epithelial migration
Question 15Single Answer
Which type of collagen is predominantly found in mature scar tissue?
  1. A
    Type I
  2. B
    Type II
  3. C
    Type III
  4. D
    Type IV
Question 16Single Answer
What is the term for excessive scar tissue formation that extends beyond the original wound boundaries?
  1. A
    Hypertrophic scar
  2. B
    Keloid
  3. C
    Contracture
  4. D
    Adhesion
Question 17Single Answer
Which systemic factor can significantly impair wound healing?
  1. A
    Hyperlipidemia
  2. B
    Hypothyroidism
  3. C
    Diabetes mellitus
  4. D
    Hypertension
Question 18Single Answer
What is the primary mechanism of action of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)?
  1. A
    Increasing collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Reducing bacterial load and edema
  3. C
    Promoting epithelialization
  4. D
    Enhancing angiogenesis
Question 19Single Answer
Which of the following is a characteristic of a hypertrophic scar?
  1. A
    Extends beyond the original wound boundaries
  2. B
    Remains within the original wound boundaries
  3. C
    Is associated with collagen type IV
  4. D
    Typically regresses spontaneously
Question 20Single Answer
What is the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in wound healing?
  1. A
    Collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Collagen degradation
  3. C
    Epithelial migration
  4. D
    Angiogenesis
Question 21Single Answer
Which growth factor is primarily involved in epithelialization?
  1. A
    TGF-β
  2. B
    PDGF
  3. C
    VEGF
  4. D
    EGF
Question 22Single Answer
Which growth factor stimulates fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis?
  1. A
    VEGF
  2. B
    EGF
  3. C
    TGF-β
  4. D
    PDGF
Question 23Single Answer
What is the term for a wound that fails to progress through the normal stages of healing?
  1. A
    Keloid
  2. B
    Chronic wound
  3. C
    Contracture
  4. D
    Adhesion
Question 24Single Answer
Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and wound healing?
  1. A
    Vitamin A
  2. B
    Vitamin B12
  3. C
    Vitamin C
  4. D
    Vitamin D
Question 25Single Answer
What is the mechanism of action of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in wound healing?
  1. A
    Increasing collagen synthesis
  2. B
    Enhancing angiogenesis and reducing edema
  3. C
    Promoting epithelialization
  4. D
    Reducing bacterial load
Question 26Single Answer
What is a common indication for kidney transplantation?
  1. A
    End-stage renal disease
  2. B
    Acute kidney injury
  3. C
    Urinary Congregation infection
  4. D
    Renal artery stenosis
Question 27Single Answer
Which immunosuppressant inhibits DNA synthesis?
  1. A
    Mycophenolate mofetil
  2. B
    Tacrolimus
  3. C
    Prednisolone
  4. D
    Sirolimus
Question 28Single Answer
What is a key principle of surgical asepsis?
  1. A
    Using non-sterile instruments
  2. B
    Avoiding hand washing
  3. C
    Maintaining a sterile field
  4. D
    Increasing operative time
Question 29Single Answer
Which suturing technique is used to close deep tissue layers?
  1. A
    Subcuticular suture
  2. B
    Continuous suture
  3. C
    Purse-string suture
  4. D
    Interrupted suture
Question 30Single Answer
Which instrument is used for precise cutting?
  1. A
    Needle holder
  2. B
    Forceps
  3. C
    Retractor
  4. D
    Scalpel
Question 31Single Answer
What is a common complication of liver transplantation?
  1. A
    Hepatic artery thrombosis
  2. B
    Urinary tract infection
  3. C
    Deep vein thrombosis
  4. D
    Paralytic ileus
Question 32Single Answer
What is a key precaution during surgical gloving?
  1. A
    Touching non-sterile surfaces
  2. B
    Reducing scrubbing time
  3. C
    Using non-sterile gloves
  4. D
    Avoiding contact with bare skin
Question 33Single Answer
Which type of rejection occurs within minutes to hours?
  1. A
    Acute rejection
  2. B
    Subacute rejection
  3. C
    Chronic rejection
  4. D
    Hyperacute rejection
Question 34Single Answer
What is the purpose of a grounding pad in monopolar electrocautery?
  1. A
    To complete the electrical circuit
  2. B
    To increase power output
  3. C
    To sterilize the surgical field
  4. D
    To retract tissues
Question 35Single Answer
Which knot is most secure for high-tension wounds?
  1. A
    Slip knot
  2. B
    Granny knot
  3. C
    Surgeon’s knot
  4. D
    Bowline knot
Question 36Single Answer
What is a common side effect of mycophenolate mofetil?
  1. A
    Nephrotoxicity
  2. B
    Hyperglycemia
  3. C
    Gastrointestinal upset
  4. D
    Alopecia
Question 37Single Answer
Which organ cannot be donated by a living donor?
  1. A
    Kidney
  2. B
    Heart
  3. C
    Liver segment
  4. D
    Pancreas segment
Question 38Single Answer
What is a key principle of tissue handling in surgery?
  1. A
    Avoiding sterile gloves
  2. B
    Using excessive force
  3. C
    Maintaining tissue hydration
  4. D
    Increasing tissue tension
Question 39Single Answer
Which suture material is commonly used for subcuticular sutures?
  1. A
    Nylon
  2. B
    Polyglactin (Vicryl)
  3. C
    Silk
  4. D
    Stainless steel
Question 40Single Answer
Which instrument is used to expose deep tissues?
  1. A
    Retractor
  2. B
    Scalpel
  3. C
    Needle holder
  4. D
    Forceps

Gynaecology & Obstetrics

Question 41Single Answer
What is the term for the process of expulsion of the placenta and fetal membranes after childbirth ?
  1. A
    Effacement
  2. B
    Dilation
  3. C
    Expulsion
  4. D
    Crowning
Question 42Single Answer
Which hormone is responsible for initiating and maintaining uterine contractions during labour ?
  1. A
    Progesterone
  2. B
    Estrogenic
  3. C
    Oxytocin
  4. D
    Prolactin
Question 43Single Answer
What is the primary purpose of the Apgar score given to a newborn at 1 and 5 minutes after birth ?
  1. A
    Assessing maternal well-being
  2. B
    Evaluating the infant's respiratory status and overall condition
  3. C
    Determining the mother's blood type
  4. D
    Measuring uterine contractions
Question 44Single Answer
What is the recommended position for a pregnant woman to sleep in to reduce the risk of stillbirth ?
  1. A
    Supine
  2. B
    Right lateral
  3. C
    Left lateral
  4. D
    Prone
Question 45Single Answer
What is the term for the surgical incision made in the perineum to widen the vaginal opening during childbirth ?
  1. A
    Episiotomy
  2. B
    Hysterotomy
  3. C
    Cesarean section
  4. D
    Salpingotomy
Question 46Single Answer
What is the term for the period during which contractions cause the cervix to dilate and efface, leading to the birth of the baby ?
  1. A
    Latent phase
  2. B
    Active phase
  3. C
    Transition phase
  4. D
    Expulsion phase
Question 47Single Answer
In obstetrics, what is the purpose of administering Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) to an Rh-negative mother ?
  1. A
    Prevention of preterm labour
  2. B
    Prevention of preeclampsia
  3. C
    Prevention of Rh isoimmunization in future pregnancies
  4. D
    Prevention of gestational diabetes
Question 48Single Answer
Which prenatal screening test assesses the risk of chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome ?
  1. A
    Non-Stress Test (NST)
  2. B
    Biophysical Profile (BPP)
  3. C
    Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening
  4. D
    Integrated screening
Question 49Single Answer
What is the typical duration of a full-term pregnancy ?
  1. A
    32 weeks
  2. B
    37 weeks
  3. C
    40 weeks
  4. D
    45 weeks
Question 50Single Answer
What is the medical term for the expulsion of the foetus and placenta before the 20th week of gestation ?
  1. A
    Ectopic pregnancy
  2. B
    Spontaneous abortion
  3. C
    Placenta previa
  4. D
    Preterm birth
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