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GATE Biotechnology Engineering Syllabus 2027, Exam Pattern
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GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam (Only MCQ) - English65 questions • 180 mins • 65 marks
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GATE Biotechnology Engineering Syllabus 2027, Exam Pattern
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GATE Biotechnology Engineering Syllabus 2027, Exam Pattern, Exam Date 2027
Detail Information about GATE has published notification 2027 for the recruitment of Biotechnology Engineering vacancies. Those Candidates who are Interested to the following vacancy and completed all Eligibility Criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online. In this page we provide the Complete Syllabus of this Notification with Latest Update Exam Pattern and the Exam Date also.
GATE Exam Highlights 2027
| Exam | Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) |
| Organization | Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras |
| Application Mode | Online |
| Frequency of Examination | Annual |
| Exam Date 2027 | 06th, 07th, 13th, 14th, 20th & 21st February 2027 |
| Mode of Examination | Computer-Based Mode |
| Category | Syllabus and Exam Pattern |
| Purpose of Examination | Qualifying Examination for M.E./ M.Tech/ Ph.D admissions and PSU |
| Official Website | gate2027.iitm.ac.in |
GATE Biotechnology Engineering Syllabus 2027
General Aptitude :
Verbal Aptitude
1. Basic English grammar
2. Tenses
3. Articles
4. Adjectives
5. Prepositions
6. Conjunctions
7. Verb-noun agreement and other parts of speech
8. Basic vocabulary
9. Words
10. Idioms
11. Phrases in context
12. Reading and comprehension
13. Narrative sequencing
Quantitative Aptitude
1. Data interpretation
2. Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data)
3. 2- and 3-dimensional plots
4. Maps
5. Tables
6. Numerical computation and estimation
7. Ratios
8. Percentages
9. Powers
10. Exponents and logarithms
11. Permutations and combinations
12. Series
13. Mensuration and geometry
14. Elementary statistics
15. Probability
Analytical Aptitude
1. Logic: deduction and induction
2. Analogy
3. Numerical relations and reasoning
Spatial Aptitude
1. Transformation of shapes
3. Translation
4. Rotation
5. Scaling
6. Mirroring
7. Assembling
8. Grouping
9. Paper folding
10. Cutting
11. Patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions
1. Basic English grammar
2. Tenses
3. Articles
4. Adjectives
5. Prepositions
6. Conjunctions
7. Verb-noun agreement and other parts of speech
8. Basic vocabulary
9. Words
10. Idioms
11. Phrases in context
12. Reading and comprehension
13. Narrative sequencing
Quantitative Aptitude
1. Data interpretation
2. Data graphs (bar graphs, pie charts, and other graphs representing data)
3. 2- and 3-dimensional plots
4. Maps
5. Tables
6. Numerical computation and estimation
7. Ratios
8. Percentages
9. Powers
10. Exponents and logarithms
11. Permutations and combinations
12. Series
13. Mensuration and geometry
14. Elementary statistics
15. Probability
Analytical Aptitude
1. Logic: deduction and induction
2. Analogy
3. Numerical relations and reasoning
Spatial Aptitude
1. Transformation of shapes
3. Translation
4. Rotation
5. Scaling
6. Mirroring
7. Assembling
8. Grouping
9. Paper folding
10. Cutting
11. Patterns in 2 and 3 dimensions
Section-1
Engineering Mathematics :
Engineering Mathematics :
Linear Algebra: Matrices and determinants; Systems of linear equations; Eigen values and Eigen vectors.
Calculus: Multivariable calculus (limits, continuity, and differentiability); Partial derivatives, maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence. Multivariable calculus: Gradient, divergence, and curl (for applications in fluid mechanics, transport processes, etc.).
Differential Equations: Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis; Bayesian Statistics.
Numerical Methods: Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; Single step method for differential equations.
Section 2 : General Biology :-
Biochemistry: Biomolecules - structure and function; Biological membranes - structure, membrane channels and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; Basic concepts and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids; Metabolism: Regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids; Detailed pathways like glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation; Photosynthesis, respiration and electron transport chain; Enzymes - Classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics - Michaelis-Menten equation; Enzyme inhibition - competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition.
Microbiology: History of Microbiology, Bacterial classification and diversity; Bacterial cell wall composition, Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archea, Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition; Operon- Lac, Trp and Ara operon, Nitrogen fixation;Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance, Two-component system ( TCS), bacterial communication, Viruses - structure and classification.
Immunology: Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs; Innate immunity and Inflammation; Cytokines and
Chemokines; Complement system; Effector responses: Cellular and Humoral Immunity; Molecular basis of
Antibody diversity and function; Polyclonal and Monoclonal antibodies; T-cell and B-cell development;
Memory responses; Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Regulation
of immune responses; Immune tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency; Graft vs Host
disease; Immunization and vaccines.
Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology :
Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Microbial genetics - transformation, transduction and conjugation; Bacterial gene mapping; Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements; Chromosomal variation; Sex Determination; Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution; Genetic drift; Species and speciation.
Cell Biology: Eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell-cell communication; Cell signalling and signal transduction; Non-cell autonomous cell signalling; Post-translational modifications; Protein trafficking; Cell death and autophagy; Extra-cellular matrix.
Molecular Biology: Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis;Regulation of gene expression; Nucleic acid - replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair
Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering :
Bioreaction Engineering: Rate law, zero and first order kinetics; (More advanced kinetic models, including Michaelis-Menten kinetics for enzyme reactions. Inhibition kinetics: Competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition in enzyme catalysis); Ideal reactors - batch, mixed flow and plug flow; Enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects - Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkoehler number; Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization and product formation; Structured and unstructured models; Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; Microbial and enzyme reactors; Optimization and scale up (Design and operation of microbial reactors (e.g., fermentation reactors) and enzyme reactors (e.g., immobilized enzyme systems); Case studies on the use of microbial reactors in large-scale production (e.g., antibiotics, biofuels).
Upstream and Downstream Processing: Media formulation and optimization; Sterilization of air and media; Filtration - membrane filtration, ultra filtration; Centrifugation - high speed and ultra; Cell disruption; Principles of chromatography - ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC; Extraction, adsorption and drying; Measurement devices;Valves; First order and second order systems; Feedback and feed forward control; Types of controllers – proportional, derivative and integral control; Tuning of controllers.
Section 5: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology :
Plants: Totipotency; Cell fate transition, direct and indirect organogenesis, regeneration of plants; Plant growth
regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture and cell suspension culture system - methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites; Hairy root culture; Plant products of industrial importance; Artificial seeds; Somaclonal variation; Protoplast, protoplast fusion - somatic hybrid and cybrid; Transgenic plants - direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; Selection marker and reporter gene; Plastid transformation.
Animals: Culture media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue preservation;Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; Kinetics of cell growth; Micro & macro- carrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Stem cell technology; Animal cloning; Transgenic animals; Knock-out and knock-in animals.
Microbes: Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites - Biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; Large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; Clinical-, food- and industrial- microbiology; Screening strategies for new products.
Section 6: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology :
Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors - plasmids, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes; Expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library Gene isolation and cloning,strategies for production of recombinant proteins; Transposons and gene targeting, Recombination-based gene cloning.
Molecular tools: Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/RNA labelling and Sangers and next generation sequencing; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; CRISPR-Cas; Biosensing and biosensors; DNA-protein and protein-protein interaction tools; Genomics and proteomics-based approaches.
Analytical tools: Principles of microscopy - light, electron, fluorescence and confocal; Principles ofspectroscopyUV, visible, fluorescence, CD, IR, FT-IR, MS, NMR; Electrophoresis; Micro- arrays; Enzymatic assays; Immunoassays - ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry; Immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome and ChIP sequencing.
Computational tools: Bioinformatics resources and search tools; Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis - sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; Gene prediction; Functional annotation; Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; Knowledge discovery in biochemical databases; Metagenomics; Metabolic engineering and systems biology.
Calculus: Multivariable calculus (limits, continuity, and differentiability); Partial derivatives, maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence. Multivariable calculus: Gradient, divergence, and curl (for applications in fluid mechanics, transport processes, etc.).
Differential Equations: Linear and nonlinear first order ODEs, higher order ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms.
Probability and Statistics: Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Correlation and regression analysis; Bayesian Statistics.
Numerical Methods: Solution of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations; Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; Single step method for differential equations.
Section 2 : General Biology :-
Biochemistry: Biomolecules - structure and function; Biological membranes - structure, membrane channels and pumps, molecular motors, action potential and transport processes; Basic concepts and regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids and nucleic acids; Metabolism: Regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and nucleic acids; Detailed pathways like glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and fatty acid oxidation; Photosynthesis, respiration and electron transport chain; Enzymes - Classification, catalytic and regulatory strategies; Enzyme kinetics - Michaelis-Menten equation; Enzyme inhibition - competitive, noncompetitive and uncompetitive inhibition.
Microbiology: History of Microbiology, Bacterial classification and diversity; Bacterial cell wall composition, Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Archea, Methods in microbiology; Microbial growth and nutrition; Operon- Lac, Trp and Ara operon, Nitrogen fixation;Microbial diseases and host-pathogen interactions; Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance, Two-component system ( TCS), bacterial communication, Viruses - structure and classification.
Immunology: Primary and Secondary lymphoid organs; Innate immunity and Inflammation; Cytokines and
Chemokines; Complement system; Effector responses: Cellular and Humoral Immunity; Molecular basis of
Antibody diversity and function; Polyclonal and Monoclonal antibodies; T-cell and B-cell development;
Memory responses; Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC); Antigen processing and presentation; Regulation
of immune responses; Immune tolerance; Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity and Immunodeficiency; Graft vs Host
disease; Immunization and vaccines.
Section 3: Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Biology :
Genetics and Evolutionary Biology: Mendelian inheritance; Gene interaction; Complementation; Linkage, recombination and chromosome mapping; Extra chromosomal inheritance; Microbial genetics - transformation, transduction and conjugation; Bacterial gene mapping; Horizontal gene transfer and transposable elements; Chromosomal variation; Sex Determination; Genetic disorders; Population genetics; Epigenetics; Selection and inheritance; Adaptive and neutral evolution; Genetic drift; Species and speciation.
Cell Biology: Eukaryotic cell structure; Cell cycle and cell growth control; Cell-cell communication; Cell signalling and signal transduction; Non-cell autonomous cell signalling; Post-translational modifications; Protein trafficking; Cell death and autophagy; Extra-cellular matrix.
Molecular Biology: Molecular structure of genes and chromosomes; Mutations and mutagenesis;Regulation of gene expression; Nucleic acid - replication, transcription, splicing, translation and their regulatory mechanisms; Non-coding and micro RNA; RNA interference; DNA damage and repair
Section 4: Fundamentals of Biological Engineering :
Bioreaction Engineering: Rate law, zero and first order kinetics; (More advanced kinetic models, including Michaelis-Menten kinetics for enzyme reactions. Inhibition kinetics: Competitive, non-competitive, and uncompetitive inhibition in enzyme catalysis); Ideal reactors - batch, mixed flow and plug flow; Enzyme immobilization, diffusion effects - Thiele modulus, effectiveness factor, Damkoehler number; Kinetics of cell growth, substrate utilization and product formation; Structured and unstructured models; Batch, fed-batch and continuous processes; Microbial and enzyme reactors; Optimization and scale up (Design and operation of microbial reactors (e.g., fermentation reactors) and enzyme reactors (e.g., immobilized enzyme systems); Case studies on the use of microbial reactors in large-scale production (e.g., antibiotics, biofuels).
Upstream and Downstream Processing: Media formulation and optimization; Sterilization of air and media; Filtration - membrane filtration, ultra filtration; Centrifugation - high speed and ultra; Cell disruption; Principles of chromatography - ion exchange, gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction, affinity, GC, HPLC and FPLC; Extraction, adsorption and drying; Measurement devices;Valves; First order and second order systems; Feedback and feed forward control; Types of controllers – proportional, derivative and integral control; Tuning of controllers.
Section 5: Plant, Animal and Microbial Biotechnology :
Plants: Totipotency; Cell fate transition, direct and indirect organogenesis, regeneration of plants; Plant growth
regulators and elicitors; Tissue culture and cell suspension culture system - methodology, kinetics of growth and nutrient optimization; Production of secondary metabolites; Hairy root culture; Plant products of industrial importance; Artificial seeds; Somaclonal variation; Protoplast, protoplast fusion - somatic hybrid and cybrid; Transgenic plants - direct and indirect methods of gene transfer techniques; Selection marker and reporter gene; Plastid transformation.
Animals: Culture media composition and growth conditions; Animal cell and tissue preservation;Anchorage and non-anchorage dependent cell culture; Kinetics of cell growth; Micro & macro- carrier culture; Hybridoma technology; Stem cell technology; Animal cloning; Transgenic animals; Knock-out and knock-in animals.
Microbes: Production of biomass and primary/secondary metabolites - Biofuels, bioplastics, industrial enzymes, antibiotics; Large scale production and purification of recombinant proteins and metabolites; Clinical-, food- and industrial- microbiology; Screening strategies for new products.
Section 6: Recombinant DNA technology and Other Tools in Biotechnology :
Recombinant DNA technology: Restriction and modification enzymes; Vectors - plasmids, bacteriophage and other viral vectors, cosmids, Ti plasmid, bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes; Expression vectors; cDNA and genomic DNA library Gene isolation and cloning,strategies for production of recombinant proteins; Transposons and gene targeting, Recombination-based gene cloning.
Molecular tools: Polymerase chain reaction; DNA/RNA labelling and Sangers and next generation sequencing; Southern and northern blotting; In-situ hybridization; DNA fingerprinting, RAPD, RFLP; Site-directed mutagenesis; CRISPR-Cas; Biosensing and biosensors; DNA-protein and protein-protein interaction tools; Genomics and proteomics-based approaches.
Analytical tools: Principles of microscopy - light, electron, fluorescence and confocal; Principles ofspectroscopyUV, visible, fluorescence, CD, IR, FT-IR, MS, NMR; Electrophoresis; Micro- arrays; Enzymatic assays; Immunoassays - ELISA, RIA, immunohistochemistry; Immunoblotting; Flow cytometry; Whole genome and ChIP sequencing.
Computational tools: Bioinformatics resources and search tools; Sequence and structure databases; Sequence analysis - sequence file formats, scoring matrices, alignment, phylogeny; Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics; Gene prediction; Functional annotation; Secondary structure and 3D structure prediction; Knowledge discovery in biochemical databases; Metagenomics; Metabolic engineering and systems biology.
GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam Pattern 2027
GATE Exam Pattern 2027 : Highlights
| GATE Examination Mode | Computer-Based Test (CBT) |
| GATE Exam Language | English |
| GATE Duration | 3 Hours (180 Minutes) |
| GATE Sectional Time Limit | None |
| GATE Total Marks | 100 |
| GATE Total Number of questions | 65 |
| GATE Type of Questions | Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
Multiple Select Questions (MSQ);
Numerical Answer Type (NAT) Questions
|
| GATE Number of Sections | Two/ Three (depending on the paper) |
| GATE Section-wise Number of Questions |
General Aptitude- 10 questions,
Core Discipline- 55 questions
|
| GATE Section-wise Weightage |
General Aptitude- 15 marks,
Core Discipline- 85 marks
|
| GATE Marking Scheme | 1 or 2 marks for each correct answer |
| GATE Negative Marking |
For 1 mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer;
For 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer;
No negative marking for MSQs and NATs
|
Duration : 180 Minutes
Negative Mark :
For 1 mark MCQ, 1/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer;
For 2-mark MCQ, 2/3 mark will be deducted for a wrong answer;
No negative marking for MSQs and NATs
| S.No | Subject | No.of Question | Marks |
| 1 | General Aptitude | 5 (5 x 1) | 5 |
| 5 (5 x 2) | 10 | ||
| 2 | Engineering Mathematics | 55 | 13 |
| Biotechnology | 72 | ||
| Total | 65 | 100 |
Biotechnology Engineering
| Subject | No.of Question | Marks per Question | Marks |
Engineering Mathematics & Biotechnology |
25 | 1 | 25 |
| 30 | 2 | 60 | |
| Total | 55 | 85 |
GATE Exam Date 2026 : 06th, 07th, 13th, 14th, 20th & 21st February 2027
Starting Date of Application Form : 02nd September 2026
Last Date of Application Form : 27th September 2026
FAQs
GATE Biotechnology Engineering 2027 Exam Syllabus Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)
Here at Toppersexam.com , you can practice a complete set of Imporatnt Questions (MCQ) along with a Free GATE Biotechnology Engineering MCQ designed by our expert faculty.
In this article Page, we have provided the required syllabus of the GATE Biotechnology Engineering exam.
Being familiar with GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam Pattern will help you understand the types of questions asked, difficulty level of the exam and important topics that require your keen attention. It will also acquaint you with the marking scheme and time allotted to each Topics.
GATE Biotechnology Engineering syllabus pdf download option is available here which will help you to get the PDF saved in your device that you can access anytime. It consists of a complete syllabus of GATE Biotechnology Engineering which you can refer to while preparing for the exams.
GATE Biotechnology Engineering exam is not tough but it depends on your preparation. The candidates find the Subject not challenging. The dedicated preparation in the right direction will undoubtedly take you towards the goal.
The candidates must be well versed and acquainted with the syllabus and the exam pattern. Select the areas where improvement is required and schedule your preparation accordingly. To ace this exam, the applicants ought to maintain speed with high accuracy. Practicing previous years question papers will help you understand the exam pattern and the level of difficulty of the exam. You need to hone your strengths and improve upon your weaknesses. Toppersexam.com will aid you through the preparation and drive you to success. At Toppersexam.com, you can practice a complete set of test series along with a free GATE Biotechnology Engineering mock test designed by our expert faculty.
The syllabus of GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam includes all topics that are important for the exam and are necessary for thorough preparation. Toppersexam provides a complete and updated syllabus with a detailed topic-wise breakdown.
You can download the complete GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam syllabus PDF from toppersexam.com. The PDF is available free and includes a detailed list of topics, section-wise subjects, and weightage for better exam preparation.
Yes, GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam has a topic-wise syllabus that includes all relevant subtopics. Toppersexam provides the detailed breakdown, helping candidates focus on high-weightage areas and avoid missing important sections.
Toppersexam ensures that the GATE Biotechnology Engineering syllabus is updated for 2026. The latest syllabus reflects current exam trends, question patterns, and updated topics as per official notifications.
The GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam pattern includes details like the number of sections, total questions, marks distribution, and exam duration. Toppersexam provides a comprehensive guide on exam format, marking scheme, and question types.
Yes, the majority of questions in GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam are MCQs. Toppersexam provides practice MCQs with answers to help candidates understand the question pattern and improve accuracy.
Yes, questions are divided section-wise. Toppersexam provides a clear guide on how many questions are asked per section and their difficulty level for effective preparation.
Yes, Toppersexam offers online mock tests that strictly follow the GATE Biotechnology Engineering Exam pattern. These mocks help candidates practice time management and get real-exam experience.
Yes, exam patterns can change over time. Toppersexam provides updated information on the latest exam pattern, question types, and section-wise changes.
Understanding the exam pattern is crucial for time management, question prioritization, and strategy planning. Toppersexam guides candidates on how to use the pattern effectively to maximize scores.
Start by dividing the syllabus into sections and prioritizing high-weightage topics. Toppersexam provides a preparation strategy, along with topic-wise tips and sample questions to make syllabus analysis easier.
Yes, focusing on high-weightage topics improves efficiency. Toppersexam highlights important topics, helping candidates prioritize sections for better performance.
Toppersexam provides a free downloadable PDF that includes both the syllabus and detailed exam pattern. This helps candidates study offline and revise efficiently.