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KGMU Technician (Radiotherapy) Syllabus 2026, Exam Pattern
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KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
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KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
Combo - 2 (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 19 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
4. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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4. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
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KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
Combo - 3 (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 19 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
4. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
5. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
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4. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
5. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
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Combo Package
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
Combo - 4 (English)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 19 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
4. EBook of KGMU Technician Radiotherapy (1000 MCQ) PDF Format in English.
5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
6. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
4. EBook of KGMU Technician Radiotherapy (1000 MCQ) PDF Format in English.
5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
6. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
₹771₹931
Combo Package
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
Combo - 5 (English) (old)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English - 10 Tests
2. Question Bank - 1000 Questions with Answer.
3. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English
4. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 1000 Questions with Answer.
3. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English
4. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
₹201₹231
Combo Package
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
Combo - 6 (English) (old)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English - 19 Tests
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English
4. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English
4. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
₹251₹281
Combo Package
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy
Combo - 7 (English) (old)
1. Online Mock Test Series in English = 19 Tests.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
4. EBook of KGMU Technician Radiotherapy Exam (1000 MCQ) in PDF Format in English
5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English
6. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
2. Question Bank - 2000 Questions with Answer.
3. Printed Material 10 Mock Test Papers with OMR Sheet.
4. EBook of KGMU Technician Radiotherapy Exam (1000 MCQ) in PDF Format in English
5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English
6. 1000 (+) GK MCQ with Answer PDF Book in English.
₹771₹941
KGMU Technician (Radiotherapy) Syllabus 2026, Exam Pattern
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy Syllabus 2026, Exam Pattern, Exam Date 2026
Detail Information about KGMU has published notification 2026 for the recruitment of Technician Radiotherapy vacancies. Those Candidates who are Interested to the following vacancy and completed all Eligibility Criteria can read the Notification & Apply Online. In this page we provide the Complete Syllabus of this Recruitment with Latest Update Exam Pattern and the Exam
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy Syllabus 2026 - Overview
| Conducting Authority | King George Medical University (KGMU), Lucknow |
| Post Name | Technician Radiotherapy |
| Total Posts | 20 |
| Application Mode | Online |
| Selection Process | Written Exam/Skill Test |
| Category | Syllabus and Exam Pattern |
| Offical Website | https://www.kgmu.org/job.php |
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy Syllabus 2026
Reasoning:
1. Analogies
2. Similarities and differences
3. Spatial orientation
4. Problem solving
5. Analysis
6. Judgement
7. Decision making
8. Discrimination
9. Dbservation
10. Relationship concepts
11. Arithmetical
12. Reasoning and figural classification
13. Arithmetic number series
14. Non verbal series
15. Coding and decoding
16. Statement conclusion, etc.
17. Symbolic/ number analogy
18. Figural analogy semantic
19. Classification
20. Symbolic/Number Classification
21. Figural Classification
22. Semantic series
23. Number series
24. Figural series
25. Problem solving
26. Word building
27. Numerical operations
28. Symbolic operations Trends
29. Space orientation
30. Space Visualization
31. Venn diagrams
32. Embedded Figures
33. Critical thing
34. Emotional Intelligence
35. Social Intelligence, Other sub- topics, if any.
General Knowledge :
1. History
2. Culture
3. Geography
4. Economic scene
5. General policy & scientific research.
Mathematics Aptitude:
1. Whole numbers
2. Decimals
3. Fractions and the relationship between numbers percentage
4. Ration & Proportion
5. Square roots
6. Averages
7. Interest
8. Profit & Loss
9. Discount
10. Partnership
11. Elementary Surds
12. Graphs of Linear Equation
13. Triangle and its various kinds of centers
14. Congruence and similarity of triangles
15. Circle and its chords
16. Triangle
17. Quadrilaterals
18. Regular polygons
19. Circle
20. Right Prism
21. Right circular cone
22. Right circular cylinder
23. Sphere
24. Hemispheres
25. Rectangular Parallel pipe
26. Regular right pyramid with triangular or square base
27. Trigonometric ration
28. Degree and radian Measures
29. Standard Identities
30. Complementary Angles
31. Heights and Distances
32. Histogram
33. Frequency, polygon
34. Bar diagram & pie chart.
General English:
1. Spot the error
2. Fill in the blanks
3. Synonyms
4. Antonyms
5. Spelling/detecting mis-spelled words
6. Idioms and phrases
7. One word substitution
8. Improvement of sentences
9. Active/passive voice of verbs
10. Conversion into direct/indirect narration
11. Shuffling of sentence parts
12. Shuffling of sentences in a passage
13. Comprehension passage and any other English
14. Language questions at the Level of Matriculation /Higher Secondary
Core Subject (Technician Radiotherapy) :
1. Introduction to healthcare delivery system
a. Healthcare delivery system in India at primary, secondary and tertiary care
b. Community participation in healthcare delivery system
c. Health system in developed countries.
d. Private Sector
e. National Health Mission
f. National Health Policy
g. Issues in Health Care Delivery System in India
2. National Health Programmes
3. Introduction to AYUSH system of medicine
4. Health scenario of India- past, present and future
5. Demography & Vital Statistics
6. Epidemiology
Medical terminologies and record keeping :
1) Derivation, prefixes, and suffixes.
2) Conventions for combined morphemes and the formation of plurals.
3) Form medical terms utilizing roots, suffixes, prefixes, and combining roots.
4) Interpret basic medical abbreviations/symbols.
5) Utilize diagnostic, surgical, and procedural terms and abbreviations related to the integumentarysystem, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and endocrine system.
6) Interpret medical orders/reports.
7) Data entry and management on electronic health record system.
Basic computers and information science
Introduction to computer: Introduction, characteristics of computer, block diagram of computer,generations
of computer, computer languages.
Input output devices: Input devices(keyboard, point and draw devices, data scanning devices, digitizer,
electronic card reader, voice recognition devices, vision-input devices), output devices(monitors, pointers,
plotters, screen image projector, voice response systems). Processor and memory/ Storage Devices:
Sequential and direct access devices, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, mass storage devices.
Introduction of windows / Introduction to MS-Word / Introduction to Excel/ Introduction to power-point:
introduction, creating and manipulating presentation,
Computer networks: introduction, types of network (LAN, MAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet), network
topologies (star, ring, bus, mesh, tree, hybrid), components of network.
Medical law and ethics :
1. Medical ethics - Definition - Goal - Scope
2. Introduction to Code of conduct/ Confidentiality/ Malpractice and negligence / Autonomy andinformed consent - Right of patients/ Care of the terminally ill- Euthanasia
3. Organ transplantation
4. Medico legal aspects of medical records
5. Professional Indemnity insurance policy
6. Development of standardized protocol to avoid near miss or sentinel events / obtaining an informed consent
Communication and soft skills :
1. Basic Language Skills: Grammar and Usage.
2. Business Communication Skills/ Basic concepts & principles of good communication /Special characteristics of health communication/ Types & process of communication
3. Barriers of communication & how to overcome
Introduction to Quality and patient safety :
1. Quality assurance and management -
a. Concepts of Quality of Care
b. Quality Improvement Approaches
c. Standards and Norms
d. Quality Improvement Tools
e. Introduction to NABH guidelines
2. Basics of emergency care and life support skills - Basic life support (BLS) is the foundation for saving lives following cardiac arrest. Fundamental aspects of BLS include immediate recognition of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and activation of the emergency response system, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and rapid defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED).
3. Bio medical waste management and environment safety :
a. Definition of Biomedical Waste
b. Waste minimization
c. BMW – Segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal (including colorcoding)/Liquid BMW, Radioactive waste, Metals / Chemicals / Drug waste
d. Modern technology for handling BMW / Use of Personal protective equipment (PPE)
e. Monitoring & controlling of cross infection (Protective devices)
Infection prevention and control - The objective of this section will be to provide a broad
understanding of the core subject areas of infection prevention and control and to equip AHPs with
the fundamental skills required to reduce the incidence of hospital acquired infections and
improve health outcomes. Concepts taught should include –
a. Evidence-based infection control principles and practices [such as sterilization,
disinfection, effective hand hygiene and use of Personal protective equipment (PPE)],
b. Prevention & control of common healthcare associated infections,
c. Components of an effective infection control program, and
d. Guidelines (NABH and JCI) for Hospital Infection Control
4. Antibiotic Resistance and antibiotic stewardship
5. Disaster preparedness and management- The objective of this section will be to provideknowledge on
the principles of on-site disaster management
Professionalism and values :
1. Professional values- Integrity, Objectivity, Professional competence and due care,Confidentiality
Research Methodology and Biostatistics: Basic conceptsElementary mathematics & physics:
1. Elementary Mathematics
a. Calculation of percentage, Profit & Loss, Simple interest, compound interest, time & work
,Ratio & proportion, Surds, Indices, Logarithm, Inverse Square Law,
b. Geometry of triangles, similar triangles, Properties of Triangles.
c. Trigonometry: Height & Distance.
d. Graphical Representation of Exponential and Inverse exponential functions, Linear and semi log
graphs.
2. Basic Physics, Electrostatics, Magnetism & Current Electricity
a. Units & Dimension, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Velocity & Speed, Force, Momentum etc.
b. Coulomb’s Law, Electric field & potential, Capacitance, Ohm’s Law, Heating effect of current,
Biot–Savart law, Definition of Tesla and Gauss, Magnetic field due to circular coil. Elementary
Principles of Magnetization of Materials by electric current, Electromagnets. Lorentz force.
Magnetic flux. Electromagnetic induction, mutual and self-inductance. Transformer, Eddy current.
Alternating Current, RMS and Average Current. Variation of Voltage and current in AC circuit
consisting only Resistor, Only Induction and Only Capacitor. Power factor of the AC circuit.
Instruments: Electrometer, Galvanometer, Ammeter,& Voltmeter.
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Basic and Applied
Radiographic Anatomy
Emphasis on plain and cross-sectional radiographic anatomy :
1. Surface anatomy
2. Plain film / conventional radiographs
3. Mammography
4. Computed Tomography (CT)
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
6. Ultrasound
7. Nuclear medicine
8. Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRR)
9. Portal imaging
Oncology Science :
1. Pathology- general pathology of tumours
2. Malignancies- local and general effects of tumours and its spread
3. Carcinogenesis
4. Co-morbidities
5. Etiology and epidemiology
6. Genetics
7. Prevention
8. Early detection
9. Signs and symptoms
10. Public awareness on early signs and symptoms
11. High risk groups
12. Staging of tumours
Principles of Radiation and Radiotherapy Techniques:
1. Effects of various radiation on normal tissues and malignant tumor: Early and late reaction
on Skin, Mucous membrane, GI tract, Genito urinary system, respiratory system, CNS
2. Application of radiotherapy in benign conditions
3. Application of radiotherapy in malignant condition
4. Single and multiple field techniques for all treatment sites (from Head to Feet) with appropriate immobilizing device(s).
5. Fix, Rotation, Arc and Skip therapy procedures.
6. Use of Rubber traction, POP, Or fit, Body Frame in treatment technique.
7. Evaluation of patient setup for simple techniques.
8. Use of Beam Modifying devices, such as wedges, Tissue compensators, Mid Line Block (MLB) in the treatment of respective sites.
9. Customized shielding blocks and its properties.
10. Asymmetric jaws
11. Motorized wedges
12. Simulation procedures including CT simulation
Radiation Quantities, Units and Detection/Measurement :
1. Radioactivity, Flux, Fluence, Kerma, Exposure, Absorbed Dose, Equivalent Dose, Weighting Factors, Effective Dose, Natural Background Radiation, OccupationalExposure
Limits, Dose limits to Public.
2. Detection and measurement of radiation - Ionisation of gases, Fluorescence and phosphorescence, Effect on photographic emulsion, Ionisation chambers, Proportional Counters, G.M. Counters, Scintillation Detectors, Liquid scintillator, Pocket Dosimeters, TL Dosimeters and their use in personnel monitoring badges. Advantages and disadvantages of various detectors, appropriateness of different types of detectors for different types of radiation measurement.
Basic Radiation physics :
1. Atomic Structure, Nucleus, Atomic No., Mass No., Electron orbit and energy levels, Isotopes and isobars, Radioactivity, Radioactive decay, Half-life, Particle radiation, Electromagnetic Radiation, Production of X-rays, Continuous X-ray spectrum, Bremsstrahlung radiation Characteristic X-rays, Filters, Quality of X-rays, Effect of voltage and current on the intensity of X-rays, Properties of X-rays.
2. Interaction of Radiation with Matter: Photoelectric effect, Compton Effect, Pair production, Ionisation of matter, Energy absorbed from X-rays, X-rays Scattering, X-rays transmission through the medium, linear and mass attenuation coefficient, HVT and TVT, Interaction of charged particle and neutrons with matter.
Radiotherapy Equipment
1. Brachytherapy- Design features, Radiation sources, Technique, High dose-rate (HDR),Low dose-rate
(LDR),Pulsed dose-rate (PDR), various types of applicators.
2. Teletherapy Machines & Accessories:
a. Telecobalt Machines
b. Medical linear accelerators.
c. Tomotherapy
d. Machine properties.
e. Beam directing, modifying and defining devices.
f. Other accessories
Radiation safety :
a. Radiation Hazard evaluation and control
b. Radiation Emergency Preparedness
c. Regulatory requirements
Patient care, positioning and immobilization
1. Principles of positioning and immobilization
a. Positioning aids-Breast boards, Lung boards, Belly boards, Head-and-neck fixation devices,
Vacuum packs, Stereotactic systems
b. Internal organ motion control- Bite blocks, Gating systems, Active breathing control, Diaphragm
compression, Prostate immobilization, Tracking systems. Laser/ positioning systems
c. Marking systems
d. Isocentre determination
e. Reference points
f. Treatment couch
g. Image acquisition for planning (and/or verification)
h. Modalities for image acquisition for planning
i. Simulation- Conventional Simulation, CT Simulation, Virtual Simulation
j. Image processing and archiving
k. Treatment verification
l. Protocols- Imaging protocols: development and implementation, Non-action levels (NAL), Online/off-line corrections, Matching/co-registration procedures, Geometric uncertainties,
Documentation, Adaptive radiotherapy, Information management35
Radiotherapy Equipment :
a. Familiarization with treatment planning systems-external beam planning and brachytherapy
b. Various types of phantoms including the water-phantoms, RFA
c. Various types of dosimeters including in-vivo dosimeters
d. EPID and other on-board imaging systems
e. Record and Verify Systems, Oncology Information Systems, Image/Patient data archiving, storage and transfer.
f. CT Simulator
Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy :
Basic Radiotherapy Physics
Historical developments in Radiotherapy, Physical components of Telecobalt Unit / LinearAccelerator
Unit/ Remote After Loading Brachytherapy Unit / Gamma Knife Unit / Simulator /Brachytherapy units
and their descriptions, Various types of sources used in Radiotherapy and their properties, Physics of
Photons, electrons, protons and neutrons in radiotherapy, Physical parameters of dosimetry such as
Percentage Depth Dose, Tissue-Air Ratio, Tissue Maximum Ratio, Physics of Bolus and Phantom
materials, Compensators, Wedges, Shielding Blocks, Patient immobilization devices, Port film,
processing and development, Special techniques in Radiotherapy such as SRS, SRT, IMRT, IGRT
and Tomotherapy
Biological Effects of Radiation:
The Cell, Effect of ionising radiation on Cell, Chromosomal aberration and its application forthe
biological dosimetry, Somatic effects and hereditary effects, stochastic and deterministic effects,
Acute exposure and Chronic exposure, LD50/60. Role of RTT in managing the acute effects of
radiation
Clinical Radiobiology:
a. Cell kinetics
b. Cell cycle control mechanisms
c. Tumour biology
d. The five ‘R’s of radiobiology
e. Tissue structure and radiation effect
f. The Linear Quadratic (LQ) model
g. Tumour control probability (TCP), Normal Tissue Complications Probability (NTCP)models
h. Acute and late side effects
i. Sensitizers/protectors/side effect reduction
j. Fractionation
k. Treatment combinations
l. Treatment scheduling
m. Mould Room /Motion Management Techniques Mould room and motion management techniques are essential part of modern precision radiotherapy. An
RTT has to be competent in designing various types of moulds for patient immobilization and applicator fixation (in brachytherapy) as well as in various motion management techniques:
n. Historical evolution of the mould materials and techniques to make moulds
o. Thermoplastic moulds
p. Breath hold, motion reduction, tracking and gating techniques
Special RT Techniques and Recent advances :
Wedges-tissue compensator-irregular field-SSD&SAD technique-oblique field-arcrotational and moving field
a. Mantle field-irregular field-Hemi body irradiation-whole body irradiation-total body skin
irradiation
b. Special techniques in Radiation Therapy, (SRT) – Stereo tactic Radio surgery (SRS) –.
Methods – BRW and CRW frames – angiographic localizer box – preparation of target sheets
– Quality Assurance – Isocentric check – Treatment execution – care to be taken
– check list.
c. Conformal Radiotherapy: Principles of 3 D treatment.
d. Recent developments in radiotherapy and treatment techniques
Radiological/Nuclear Medicine/Other Imaging Techniques in Radiotherapy Planning
a. 2D ( radiography, fluoroscopic, USG), 3D ( CT, MRI) and functional ( PET/SPECT)imaging
and their application in radiotherapy planning
b. Understand Gross Tumour Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Internal Target
Volume (ITV), Planning Target Volume (PTV), Organs at Risk (OAR) delineation
c. Conduct image fusion at the treatment machine console
d. Do bony matching
e. Do soft tissue matching for estimating the preliminary data for applying shifts
f. Prepare documentation
g. The RTT should understand the principles of: Four-dimensional (4D) planning and be
familiarized with IMRT and IGRT planning.
Radiotherapy treatment delivery :
a. Orthovoltage / superficial
b. Supervoltage / Megavoltage
c Brachytherapy
d. Stereotactic radiotherapy- Stereotactic radiosurgery, Stereotactic radiotherapy, Cranial Extra
cranial (Stereotactic body radiotherapy SBRT),Total Body Irradiation (TBI),Total Skin Electron Irradiation
(TSEI), Radiation therapy with neutrons, protons, and heavy ions
e. Operational Issues in Radiotherapy
a. Healthcare delivery system in India at primary, secondary and tertiary care
b. Community participation in healthcare delivery system
c. Health system in developed countries.
d. Private Sector
e. National Health Mission
f. National Health Policy
g. Issues in Health Care Delivery System in India
2. National Health Programmes
3. Introduction to AYUSH system of medicine
4. Health scenario of India- past, present and future
5. Demography & Vital Statistics
6. Epidemiology
Medical terminologies and record keeping :
1) Derivation, prefixes, and suffixes.
2) Conventions for combined morphemes and the formation of plurals.
3) Form medical terms utilizing roots, suffixes, prefixes, and combining roots.
4) Interpret basic medical abbreviations/symbols.
5) Utilize diagnostic, surgical, and procedural terms and abbreviations related to the integumentarysystem, musculoskeletal system, respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and endocrine system.
6) Interpret medical orders/reports.
7) Data entry and management on electronic health record system.
Basic computers and information science
Introduction to computer: Introduction, characteristics of computer, block diagram of computer,generations
of computer, computer languages.
Input output devices: Input devices(keyboard, point and draw devices, data scanning devices, digitizer,
electronic card reader, voice recognition devices, vision-input devices), output devices(monitors, pointers,
plotters, screen image projector, voice response systems). Processor and memory/ Storage Devices:
Sequential and direct access devices, magnetic tape, magnetic disk, optical disk, mass storage devices.
Introduction of windows / Introduction to MS-Word / Introduction to Excel/ Introduction to power-point:
introduction, creating and manipulating presentation,
Computer networks: introduction, types of network (LAN, MAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet), network
topologies (star, ring, bus, mesh, tree, hybrid), components of network.
Medical law and ethics :
1. Medical ethics - Definition - Goal - Scope
2. Introduction to Code of conduct/ Confidentiality/ Malpractice and negligence / Autonomy andinformed consent - Right of patients/ Care of the terminally ill- Euthanasia
3. Organ transplantation
4. Medico legal aspects of medical records
5. Professional Indemnity insurance policy
6. Development of standardized protocol to avoid near miss or sentinel events / obtaining an informed consent
Communication and soft skills :
1. Basic Language Skills: Grammar and Usage.
2. Business Communication Skills/ Basic concepts & principles of good communication /Special characteristics of health communication/ Types & process of communication
3. Barriers of communication & how to overcome
Introduction to Quality and patient safety :
1. Quality assurance and management -
a. Concepts of Quality of Care
b. Quality Improvement Approaches
c. Standards and Norms
d. Quality Improvement Tools
e. Introduction to NABH guidelines
2. Basics of emergency care and life support skills - Basic life support (BLS) is the foundation for saving lives following cardiac arrest. Fundamental aspects of BLS include immediate recognition of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and activation of the emergency response system, early cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and rapid defibrillation with an automated external defibrillator (AED).
3. Bio medical waste management and environment safety :
a. Definition of Biomedical Waste
b. Waste minimization
c. BMW – Segregation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal (including colorcoding)/Liquid BMW, Radioactive waste, Metals / Chemicals / Drug waste
d. Modern technology for handling BMW / Use of Personal protective equipment (PPE)
e. Monitoring & controlling of cross infection (Protective devices)
Infection prevention and control - The objective of this section will be to provide a broad
understanding of the core subject areas of infection prevention and control and to equip AHPs with
the fundamental skills required to reduce the incidence of hospital acquired infections and
improve health outcomes. Concepts taught should include –
a. Evidence-based infection control principles and practices [such as sterilization,
disinfection, effective hand hygiene and use of Personal protective equipment (PPE)],
b. Prevention & control of common healthcare associated infections,
c. Components of an effective infection control program, and
d. Guidelines (NABH and JCI) for Hospital Infection Control
4. Antibiotic Resistance and antibiotic stewardship
5. Disaster preparedness and management- The objective of this section will be to provideknowledge on
the principles of on-site disaster management
Professionalism and values :
1. Professional values- Integrity, Objectivity, Professional competence and due care,Confidentiality
Research Methodology and Biostatistics: Basic conceptsElementary mathematics & physics:
1. Elementary Mathematics
a. Calculation of percentage, Profit & Loss, Simple interest, compound interest, time & work
,Ratio & proportion, Surds, Indices, Logarithm, Inverse Square Law,
b. Geometry of triangles, similar triangles, Properties of Triangles.
c. Trigonometry: Height & Distance.
d. Graphical Representation of Exponential and Inverse exponential functions, Linear and semi log
graphs.
2. Basic Physics, Electrostatics, Magnetism & Current Electricity
a. Units & Dimension, Newton’s Laws of Motion, Velocity & Speed, Force, Momentum etc.
b. Coulomb’s Law, Electric field & potential, Capacitance, Ohm’s Law, Heating effect of current,
Biot–Savart law, Definition of Tesla and Gauss, Magnetic field due to circular coil. Elementary
Principles of Magnetization of Materials by electric current, Electromagnets. Lorentz force.
Magnetic flux. Electromagnetic induction, mutual and self-inductance. Transformer, Eddy current.
Alternating Current, RMS and Average Current. Variation of Voltage and current in AC circuit
consisting only Resistor, Only Induction and Only Capacitor. Power factor of the AC circuit.
Instruments: Electrometer, Galvanometer, Ammeter,& Voltmeter.
Human Anatomy and Physiology: Basic and Applied
Radiographic Anatomy
Emphasis on plain and cross-sectional radiographic anatomy :
1. Surface anatomy
2. Plain film / conventional radiographs
3. Mammography
4. Computed Tomography (CT)
5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
6. Ultrasound
7. Nuclear medicine
8. Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRR)
9. Portal imaging
Oncology Science :
1. Pathology- general pathology of tumours
2. Malignancies- local and general effects of tumours and its spread
3. Carcinogenesis
4. Co-morbidities
5. Etiology and epidemiology
6. Genetics
7. Prevention
8. Early detection
9. Signs and symptoms
10. Public awareness on early signs and symptoms
11. High risk groups
12. Staging of tumours
Principles of Radiation and Radiotherapy Techniques:
1. Effects of various radiation on normal tissues and malignant tumor: Early and late reaction
on Skin, Mucous membrane, GI tract, Genito urinary system, respiratory system, CNS
2. Application of radiotherapy in benign conditions
3. Application of radiotherapy in malignant condition
4. Single and multiple field techniques for all treatment sites (from Head to Feet) with appropriate immobilizing device(s).
5. Fix, Rotation, Arc and Skip therapy procedures.
6. Use of Rubber traction, POP, Or fit, Body Frame in treatment technique.
7. Evaluation of patient setup for simple techniques.
8. Use of Beam Modifying devices, such as wedges, Tissue compensators, Mid Line Block (MLB) in the treatment of respective sites.
9. Customized shielding blocks and its properties.
10. Asymmetric jaws
11. Motorized wedges
12. Simulation procedures including CT simulation
Radiation Quantities, Units and Detection/Measurement :
1. Radioactivity, Flux, Fluence, Kerma, Exposure, Absorbed Dose, Equivalent Dose, Weighting Factors, Effective Dose, Natural Background Radiation, OccupationalExposure
Limits, Dose limits to Public.
2. Detection and measurement of radiation - Ionisation of gases, Fluorescence and phosphorescence, Effect on photographic emulsion, Ionisation chambers, Proportional Counters, G.M. Counters, Scintillation Detectors, Liquid scintillator, Pocket Dosimeters, TL Dosimeters and their use in personnel monitoring badges. Advantages and disadvantages of various detectors, appropriateness of different types of detectors for different types of radiation measurement.
Basic Radiation physics :
1. Atomic Structure, Nucleus, Atomic No., Mass No., Electron orbit and energy levels, Isotopes and isobars, Radioactivity, Radioactive decay, Half-life, Particle radiation, Electromagnetic Radiation, Production of X-rays, Continuous X-ray spectrum, Bremsstrahlung radiation Characteristic X-rays, Filters, Quality of X-rays, Effect of voltage and current on the intensity of X-rays, Properties of X-rays.
2. Interaction of Radiation with Matter: Photoelectric effect, Compton Effect, Pair production, Ionisation of matter, Energy absorbed from X-rays, X-rays Scattering, X-rays transmission through the medium, linear and mass attenuation coefficient, HVT and TVT, Interaction of charged particle and neutrons with matter.
Radiotherapy Equipment
1. Brachytherapy- Design features, Radiation sources, Technique, High dose-rate (HDR),Low dose-rate
(LDR),Pulsed dose-rate (PDR), various types of applicators.
2. Teletherapy Machines & Accessories:
a. Telecobalt Machines
b. Medical linear accelerators.
c. Tomotherapy
d. Machine properties.
e. Beam directing, modifying and defining devices.
f. Other accessories
Radiation safety :
a. Radiation Hazard evaluation and control
b. Radiation Emergency Preparedness
c. Regulatory requirements
Patient care, positioning and immobilization
1. Principles of positioning and immobilization
a. Positioning aids-Breast boards, Lung boards, Belly boards, Head-and-neck fixation devices,
Vacuum packs, Stereotactic systems
b. Internal organ motion control- Bite blocks, Gating systems, Active breathing control, Diaphragm
compression, Prostate immobilization, Tracking systems. Laser/ positioning systems
c. Marking systems
d. Isocentre determination
e. Reference points
f. Treatment couch
g. Image acquisition for planning (and/or verification)
h. Modalities for image acquisition for planning
i. Simulation- Conventional Simulation, CT Simulation, Virtual Simulation
j. Image processing and archiving
k. Treatment verification
l. Protocols- Imaging protocols: development and implementation, Non-action levels (NAL), Online/off-line corrections, Matching/co-registration procedures, Geometric uncertainties,
Documentation, Adaptive radiotherapy, Information management35
Radiotherapy Equipment :
a. Familiarization with treatment planning systems-external beam planning and brachytherapy
b. Various types of phantoms including the water-phantoms, RFA
c. Various types of dosimeters including in-vivo dosimeters
d. EPID and other on-board imaging systems
e. Record and Verify Systems, Oncology Information Systems, Image/Patient data archiving, storage and transfer.
f. CT Simulator
Quality Assurance in Radiotherapy :
Basic Radiotherapy Physics
Historical developments in Radiotherapy, Physical components of Telecobalt Unit / LinearAccelerator
Unit/ Remote After Loading Brachytherapy Unit / Gamma Knife Unit / Simulator /Brachytherapy units
and their descriptions, Various types of sources used in Radiotherapy and their properties, Physics of
Photons, electrons, protons and neutrons in radiotherapy, Physical parameters of dosimetry such as
Percentage Depth Dose, Tissue-Air Ratio, Tissue Maximum Ratio, Physics of Bolus and Phantom
materials, Compensators, Wedges, Shielding Blocks, Patient immobilization devices, Port film,
processing and development, Special techniques in Radiotherapy such as SRS, SRT, IMRT, IGRT
and Tomotherapy
Biological Effects of Radiation:
The Cell, Effect of ionising radiation on Cell, Chromosomal aberration and its application forthe
biological dosimetry, Somatic effects and hereditary effects, stochastic and deterministic effects,
Acute exposure and Chronic exposure, LD50/60. Role of RTT in managing the acute effects of
radiation
Clinical Radiobiology:
a. Cell kinetics
b. Cell cycle control mechanisms
c. Tumour biology
d. The five ‘R’s of radiobiology
e. Tissue structure and radiation effect
f. The Linear Quadratic (LQ) model
g. Tumour control probability (TCP), Normal Tissue Complications Probability (NTCP)models
h. Acute and late side effects
i. Sensitizers/protectors/side effect reduction
j. Fractionation
k. Treatment combinations
l. Treatment scheduling
m. Mould Room /Motion Management Techniques Mould room and motion management techniques are essential part of modern precision radiotherapy. An
RTT has to be competent in designing various types of moulds for patient immobilization and applicator fixation (in brachytherapy) as well as in various motion management techniques:
n. Historical evolution of the mould materials and techniques to make moulds
o. Thermoplastic moulds
p. Breath hold, motion reduction, tracking and gating techniques
Special RT Techniques and Recent advances :
Wedges-tissue compensator-irregular field-SSD&SAD technique-oblique field-arcrotational and moving field
a. Mantle field-irregular field-Hemi body irradiation-whole body irradiation-total body skin
irradiation
b. Special techniques in Radiation Therapy, (SRT) – Stereo tactic Radio surgery (SRS) –.
Methods – BRW and CRW frames – angiographic localizer box – preparation of target sheets
– Quality Assurance – Isocentric check – Treatment execution – care to be taken
– check list.
c. Conformal Radiotherapy: Principles of 3 D treatment.
d. Recent developments in radiotherapy and treatment techniques
Radiological/Nuclear Medicine/Other Imaging Techniques in Radiotherapy Planning
a. 2D ( radiography, fluoroscopic, USG), 3D ( CT, MRI) and functional ( PET/SPECT)imaging
and their application in radiotherapy planning
b. Understand Gross Tumour Volume (GTV), Clinical Target Volume (CTV), Internal Target
Volume (ITV), Planning Target Volume (PTV), Organs at Risk (OAR) delineation
c. Conduct image fusion at the treatment machine console
d. Do bony matching
e. Do soft tissue matching for estimating the preliminary data for applying shifts
f. Prepare documentation
g. The RTT should understand the principles of: Four-dimensional (4D) planning and be
familiarized with IMRT and IGRT planning.
Radiotherapy treatment delivery :
a. Orthovoltage / superficial
b. Supervoltage / Megavoltage
c Brachytherapy
d. Stereotactic radiotherapy- Stereotactic radiosurgery, Stereotactic radiotherapy, Cranial Extra
cranial (Stereotactic body radiotherapy SBRT),Total Body Irradiation (TBI),Total Skin Electron Irradiation
(TSEI), Radiation therapy with neutrons, protons, and heavy ions
e. Operational Issues in Radiotherapy
KGMU Technician Radiotherapy Exam Pattern 2026
Duration : 120 Minutes
Negative Marking : 0.33
Negative Marking : 0.33
| S.No. | Subject | No. of Question | Marks |
| 1 | Suject Related Topics | 60 | 60 |
| 2 | General English | 10 | 10 |
| 3 | General Knowledge | 10 | 10 |
| 4 | Reasoning | 10 | 10 |
| 5 | Mathematical Aptitude | 10 | 10 |
| Total | 100 | 100 |
Exam Date 2026 : 03rd April 2026
Starting Date of Application Form : 11th December 2024
Last Date of Application Form : 03rd March 2025
Total Post : 20
Total Post : 20
FAQs
Kgmu Technician (radiotherapy) 2026 Exam Syllabus Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ's)
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