UPSC Environment & Ecology Free Mock Test Practice
Practice with exam-pattern mock tests for UPSC Environment & Ecology.
UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus & Exam Pattern
UPSC Environment & Ecology Exam Free Online Question Bank
UPSC Environment and Ecology Combo Packages
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UPSC Environment and Ecology
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5. 1500 (+) Current Affairs MCQ with Answer PDF in English.
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UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus & Exam Pattern
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UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus, Exam Pattern
UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus :UNIT–1: ECOLOGY :
1.1 Basics of Ecology
Definition, scope, levels of organization (organism → biosphere)
Habitat, niche, ecotone, biome
1.2 Ecosystem
Structure & functions
Types: terrestrial, aquatic (freshwater, marine), artificial
Components: biotic & abiotic
1.3 Energy Flow
Food chain, food web
Ecological pyramids (number, biomass, energy)
10% law
1.4 Biogeochemical Cycles
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus cycles
Hydrological cycle
1.5 Ecological Succession
Primary & secondary succession
Hydrarch & xerarch
1.6 Population Ecology
Growth curves (J & S shaped)
Carrying capacity
Ecological interactions (mutualism, parasitism, etc.)
UNIT–2: BIODIVERSITY (VERY IMPORTANT FOR UPSC) :
2.1 Biodiversity Concepts
Genetic, species, ecosystem diversity
Alpha, beta, gamma diversity
2.2 India’s Biodiversity
Biodiversity hotspots (Western Ghats, Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland)
Endemism
2.3 Species Classification (HIGHLY IMPORTANT)
IUCN Red List categories
Endangered, critically endangered species
Keystone, flagship, umbrella species
Invasive alien species
2.4 Conservation
In-situ (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves)
Ex-situ (zoos, botanical gardens, gene banks)
2.5 Protected Area Network (INDIA FOCUS)
National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries
Biosphere Reserves (UNESCO MAB)
Tiger Reserves (Project Tiger)
Elephant Reserves
2.6 Wetlands & Ramsar Sites
Ramsar Convention
Important Ramsar sites in India
UNIT–3: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION :
3.1 Air Pollution
Types of pollutants (primary, secondary)
Smog (London vs Photochemical)
AQI (Air Quality Index)
3.2 Water Pollution
Sources, eutrophication, biomagnification
BOD, COD
3.3 Soil Pollution
Causes, effects, control
3.4 Noise Pollution
Sources, health impacts
3.5 Solid Waste Management
Municipal waste, biomedical waste, e-waste, plastic waste
3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)
3.6 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Process, significance
UNIT–4: CLIMATE CHANGE & DISASTERS :
4.1 Climate Change Basics
Greenhouse effect, global warming
GHGs (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, etc.)
4.2 Impacts
Sea-level rise
Glacier melting
Extreme weather events
4.3 Mitigation & Adaptation
Carbon sequestration
Climate-resilient agriculture
4.4 International Agreements (VERY IMPORTANT)
UNFCCC
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
COP meetings (latest updates)
4.5 Indian Initiatives
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)
UNIT–5: ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE (STATIC + CURRENT) :
5.1 Environmental Laws (INDIA – MUST DO)
Environment Protection Act, 1986
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Biological Diversity Act, 2002
5.2 Institutions & Bodies
MoEFCC
CPCB, SPCB
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
5.3 International Organizations
UNEP
IUCN
WWF
IPCC
5.4 Environmental Movements (INDIA)
Chipko Movement
Appiko Movement
Silent Valley Movement
UNIT–6: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :
6.1 Concepts
Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Carrying capacity
6.2 Energy Sector
Renewable (solar, wind, biomass)
Non-renewable
Energy conservation
6.3 Sustainable Agriculture
Organic farming
Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
Agroforestry
6.4 Water Conservation
Rainwater harvesting
Watershed management
UNIT–7: GEOGRAPHICAL & MAPPING BASED ENVIRONMENT :
7.1 Mapping (VERY IMPORTANT FOR UPSC)
National Parks (location-based)
Biosphere Reserves
Ramsar Sites
Wildlife corridors
7.2 Eco-sensitive Zones
Western Ghats, Himalayas, Coastal areas
UNIT–8: ENVIRONMENT CURRENT AFFAIRS (GAME CHANGER) :
8.1 Reports & Indices
IPCC Reports
State of Forest Report
Living Planet Report
Environmental Performance Index
8.2 Species in News
Newly discovered species
Critically endangered species
8.3 Government Schemes
Project Tiger
Project Elephant
National Afforestation Programme
UPSC Environment & Ecology Exam Pattern
Duration : 120 Minutes
No.of Question : 100
Total Marks : 100