UPSC Exams

UPSC Environment and Ecology Vacancy 2026: Apply Online, Selection Process

📅 Updated On 13 October 2026✨ Update By Jyoti Sharma🌐 Hindi & English

UPSC Environment and Ecology Free Mock Test

Crack the UPSC Environment and Ecology Mock Test 2026 with the help of an online Test series or a free mock test. Every sample paper in the UPSC Environment and Ecology Exam has a designated weight, so do not miss out on any paper. Prepare for the UPSC Environment and Ecology mock test and check your test scores.

UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus & Exam Pattern

UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus, Exam Pattern

UPSC Environment & Ecology Syllabus :

UNIT–1: ECOLOGY :

1.1 Basics of Ecology

Definition, scope, levels of organization (organism → biosphere)
Habitat, niche, ecotone, biome

1.2 Ecosystem

Structure & functions
Types: terrestrial, aquatic (freshwater, marine), artificial
Components: biotic & abiotic

1.3 Energy Flow

Food chain, food web
Ecological pyramids (number, biomass, energy)
10% law

1.4 Biogeochemical Cycles

Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus cycles
Hydrological cycle

1.5 Ecological Succession

Primary & secondary succession
Hydrarch & xerarch

1.6 Population Ecology

Growth curves (J & S shaped)
Carrying capacity
Ecological interactions (mutualism, parasitism, etc.)

UNIT–2: BIODIVERSITY (VERY IMPORTANT FOR UPSC) :

2.1 Biodiversity Concepts

Genetic, species, ecosystem diversity
Alpha, beta, gamma diversity

2.2 India’s Biodiversity

Biodiversity hotspots (Western Ghats, Himalayas, Indo-Burma, Sundaland)
Endemism

2.3 Species Classification (HIGHLY IMPORTANT)

IUCN Red List categories
Endangered, critically endangered species
Keystone, flagship, umbrella species
Invasive alien species

2.4 Conservation

In-situ (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves)
Ex-situ (zoos, botanical gardens, gene banks)

2.5 Protected Area Network (INDIA FOCUS)

National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries
Biosphere Reserves (UNESCO MAB)
Tiger Reserves (Project Tiger)
Elephant Reserves

2.6 Wetlands & Ramsar Sites

Ramsar Convention
Important Ramsar sites in India

UNIT–3: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION :

3.1 Air Pollution

Types of pollutants (primary, secondary)
Smog (London vs Photochemical)
AQI (Air Quality Index)

3.2 Water Pollution

Sources, eutrophication, biomagnification
BOD, COD

3.3 Soil Pollution

Causes, effects, control

3.4 Noise Pollution

Sources, health impacts

3.5 Solid Waste Management

Municipal waste, biomedical waste, e-waste, plastic waste
3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle)

3.6 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Process, significance

UNIT–4: CLIMATE CHANGE & DISASTERS :

4.1 Climate Change Basics

Greenhouse effect, global warming
GHGs (CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, etc.)

4.2 Impacts

Sea-level rise
Glacier melting
Extreme weather events

4.3 Mitigation & Adaptation

Carbon sequestration
Climate-resilient agriculture

4.4 International Agreements (VERY IMPORTANT)

UNFCCC
Kyoto Protocol
Paris Agreement
COP meetings (latest updates)

4.5 Indian Initiatives

National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC)
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

UNIT–5: ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE (STATIC + CURRENT) :

5.1 Environmental Laws (INDIA – MUST DO)

Environment Protection Act, 1986
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
Forest Conservation Act, 1980
Biological Diversity Act, 2002

5.2 Institutions & Bodies

MoEFCC
CPCB, SPCB
National Green Tribunal (NGT)

5.3 International Organizations

UNEP
IUCN
WWF
IPCC

5.4 Environmental Movements (INDIA)

Chipko Movement
Appiko Movement
Silent Valley Movement

UNIT–6: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT :

6.1 Concepts

Sustainable development goals (SDGs)
Carrying capacity

6.2 Energy Sector

Renewable (solar, wind, biomass)
Non-renewable
Energy conservation

6.3 Sustainable Agriculture

Organic farming
Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF)
Agroforestry

6.4 Water Conservation

Rainwater harvesting
Watershed management

UNIT–7: GEOGRAPHICAL & MAPPING BASED ENVIRONMENT :

7.1 Mapping (VERY IMPORTANT FOR UPSC)

National Parks (location-based)
Biosphere Reserves
Ramsar Sites
Wildlife corridors

7.2 Eco-sensitive Zones

Western Ghats, Himalayas, Coastal areas

UNIT–8: ENVIRONMENT CURRENT AFFAIRS (GAME CHANGER) :

8.1 Reports & Indices

IPCC Reports
State of Forest Report
Living Planet Report
Environmental Performance Index

8.2 Species in News

Newly discovered species
Critically endangered species

8.3 Government Schemes

Project Tiger
Project Elephant
National Afforestation Programme

UPSC Environment & Ecology Exam Pattern

Duration : 120 Minutes

No.of Question : 100

Total Marks : 100

Click For More Information

UPSC Environment & Ecology Free Online Test Series

Crack UPSC Environment & Ecology Mock Test with help of Online Test Series or Free Mock Test. Every Question Paper in UPSC Environment & Ecology has a designated weightage so do not miss out any Paper. Practice for Civil Services & State PCS Mock Test and check your test scores.

UPSC Environment and Ecology - Hindi100 questions • 120 mins • 100 marks

Free Test →

UPSC Environment and Ecology - English100 questions • 120 mins • 100 marks

Free Test →

Test Packages Click Here →

UPSC Environment and Ecology Exam Free Online Question Bank

UPSC Environment and Ecology question answer with solutions are available in Hindi & English. Join MCQ, Important Questions, Question Bank, questions and answers for Free UPSC Environment and Ecology exam preparation.

UPSC Environment and Ecology - Hindi100 questions • 120 mins • 100 marks

Free Questions →

UPSC Environment and Ecology - English100 questions • 120 mins • 100 marks

Free Questions →

Combo Offers

UPSC Environment and Ecology Combo Packages

We Launches Combo Offers ! with Heavy Discount and Cost Saving Prices. Combo Packages includes - Online Mock Test Series + Important Questions or MCQs + Previous Year Papers with Answer.

Combo Package