Part-IV Content of concerned subject (Physical Science) :
Class VI To Intermediate level syllabus (6 to 10 Classes)
1. MEASUREMENT
Story of transport, Non- standard units of Measurements, Measuring the length of a Curved line, Measurement of length, area, volume and time. CGS and SI units of length, area, volume and time, Conversion of units from CGS to S.I and Vice versa.
2. MOTION
Describing Motion, Motion and Rest, Motion Along a Straight Line, Types of motion (Translatory, Rotatory and oscillatory), Scalars and vectors, Distance, Displacement, Speed, Velocity, Average speed, Average velocity, Acceleration, Graphical Representation of Motion, Distance-Time Graphs, Velocity-Time Graphs, Uniform Motion and Non-Uniform Motion, Equations of Motion, Uniform Circular Motion, Laws of Motion, Balanced and Unbalance Forces, First Law of Motion, Inertia and Mass, Momentum, Second Law of Motion, Third law of motion.
3. FORCE, FRICTION AND PRESSURE
Force – A Push or a Pull, Exploring Forces, Effect of Force on Objects, Types of forces (field force and contact force), Net force, Types of friction (static, Sliding and Rolling), Factors effecting Friction, Friction: A Necessary Evil, Increasing and Reducing Friction, Fluid friction, Pressure, Pressure Exerted by Liquids and Gases, Pressure of liquids at different depths, Atmospheric Pressure.
4. GRAVITATION
Uniform circular motion, Universal law of gravitation, Free Fall, Acceleration due to Gravity, Motion of Objects Under the Influence of Gravitational Force of the Earth, Mass and Weight, Thrust and Pressure, Pressure in Fluids, Buoyancy, Floating and Sinking Objects, Archimedes’ Principle.
5. WORK, ENERGY
Scientific Conception of Work, Work Done by a Constant Force, Energy, Forms of Energy, Kinetic Energy, Potential Energy, Mechanical Energy. Law of Conservation of Energy, Conversion of Energy from one form to another, Power and its units.
6. SOUND
Sound - a form of energy, Production of sound, Some musical instruments, Sound Needs a Medium for Propagation, Human ear, Hearing Impairment, Noise and Music, Propagation of Sound, Types of waves (longitudinal and transverse), Characteristics of sound waves (Wavelength, Frequency, Time period, Speed of the wave), Relation between frequency and time period, Pitch, Loudness and Quality, Intensity of Sound, Speed Of Sound in Different Media, Reflection of Sound, Echo, Reverberation, Uses of Multiple Reflection of Sound, Range of Hearing, Infrasonic and Ultrasonics, Applications of Ultrasound, Sound pollution.
7. HEAT
Heat and temperature, Transfer of Heat (Conduction, convection, radiation), Kinds of clothes we wear in summer and winter, Units of temperature (centigrade, Fahrenheit and Kelvin; Conversions), Expansion of liquids due to heat, Types of thermometers, Thermal equilibrium, Temperature and Kinetic energy, Specific Heat, Applications of Specific heat capacity, Principle of method of mixtures, Determination of Specific heat of a solid, Evaporation, Condensation, Humidity, Dew and Fog, Boiling, Latent heat of vapourisation, Melting, Latent heat of fusion, Freezing, Temperature- time graph.
8. LIGHT
Light, Transparent, Opaque and Translucent Objects, Shadows and Images, Rectilinear Propagation of Light, A Pinhole Camera, Regular and Diffused Reflection, Reflection of light by plane surfaces (laws of reflection, periscope, multiple images, kaleidoscope, Characteristics of image formed by plane mirrors), Spherical Mirrors and Images, Spectrum, Wave nature of light, Fermat principle, Sign convention, Refraction, Refraction of Light at Plane Surfaces, Refractive index, Absolute refractive index, Relative refractive index, Snell’s law, Critical angle, Total Internal Reflection, Applications of total internal reflection, Mirages, Optical fibres, Refraction Through a Glass Slab, Lateral shift, Vertical shift, Refraction of Light at Curved Surfaces, Lenses, Terminology used in the case of lenses -Focal length, Focus, Optic Centre, Principal axis, Radius of curvature, Centre of curvature, Focal plane, Behaviour of certain light rays when they are incident on a lens, Images formed by lenses for various distances of objects, UV method, Lens formula, Lens maker’s formula, Human Eye, Least distance of distinct vision, Angle of vision, Myopia, Hypermetropia, Presbyopia, Care of the Eyes, Braille System, Visually Impaired Persons, Power of lens, Refractive index of a Prism, Dispersion of light through prism, Sunlight-Dispersion, Rainbow, Scattering of light.
9. ELECTRICITY
Simple Electric circuit and its components, Conductors, Insulators, Type of cells (Dry and liquid), Electric symbols and uses, Series and parallel connection of cells and bulbs, Heating effects of Electricity, Understanding of CFL, Fuse and MCBs, Chemical Effects Of Electric Current, Good/Poor Conducting Liquids, Electroplating, Magnetic Effects of Electric Current, Electromagnet, Electric bell, Electric current, Drude and Lorentz theory, Potential difference and EMF, Drift velocity and working of a cell, Ohm's law, Electric shock, Factors affecting the resistance, Series connection of resistors, Parallel Connection of resistors, Multi-meter, Kirchhoff’s laws, Sign convention in a circuit, Electric power, Power consumption, Electric energy, Overload.
10. MAGNETISM AND ELECTROMAGNETISM
How Magnets were discovered, Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Materials, Types of Magnets, Poles of Magnet, Properties of Magnets, Storing magnets safely, Magnetic compass, Earth as a Magnet, Magnetic Induction, Oersted's experiment, Magnetic Field, Magnetic flux – Magnetic flux density, Magnetic field due to straight wire /circular coil/solenoid carrying current, Magnetic Force, Electric Motor, Electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s Law, Lenz Law, Applications of Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Induced current, Induced EMF, Electric generator, DC and AC currents, rms values.
11. PRINCIPLES OF METALLURGY
Metallurgy, Occurrence of the metals in nature, Ores and Minerals, Extraction of metals, Activity series, Concentration or Dressing of the ore, Hand picking, Washing, Froth flotation, Magnetic Separation, Extraction of crude metal from the ore, Reduction of purified ore to the metal, Purification of the crude metal, Distillation, Polling, Liquation, Electrolytic refining, Corrosion, Prevention of corrosion, Thermite process, Smelting, Roasting, Calcination, Flux, Gangue, Blast furnace, Reverberatory furnace.
12. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS
Allotropes of Carbon, Amorphous forms, Crystalline forms, Diamond, Graphite, Buckminsterfullerene, Nanotubes, Versatile nature of Carbon, Catenation, Tetravalency, Hydrocarbons, Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, Homologous series, Isomerism, Functional groups, Nomenclature of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons, IUPAC names, Chemical properties of carbon compounds- Combustion, Oxidation reactions, Addition reactions, Substitution reactions, Ethanol, Ethanoic acid, Esters, Esterification Reactions, Soaps – Saponification and Micelles, Cleansing action of soap, Detergents.
13. SOME NATURAL PHENOMENON
The Story of Lightning, charging by Rubbing, Electric charge and properties of electric charge, Types of charges and their interactions, Transfer of charge, lightning, lightning safety, lightning conductors, Earthquake, Tsunami, Causes and effects, Protective measures.
14. STARS AND SOLAR SYSTEM
The Moon, The Moon’s Surface, Phases of Moon, Eclipses (Solar and lunar eclipses), The Stars, Movement of Stars (Constellation, pole star), Movement of the sun, Solar System, Planets and Some Other Members of the Solar System, Artificial Satellites.
15. CHANGES AROUND US
Slow/fast changes, Temporary/permanent changes, Natural/man made changes, Physical/ chemical changes, Rusting of iron, Crystallisation, Galvanization, Corrosion, Rancidity, Oxidation / reduction
16. MATTER
Objects Around Us, Properties of Materials, Physical Nature of Matter, Characteristics of Particles of Matter, States of matter, Properties of solids, liquids and gases, Change of state of Matter –effect of change of temperature and pressure, Evaporation, Factors Affecting Evaporation, Sublimation, Deposition, Boiling, Latent heat of vaporisation, Latent heat of fusion, Mixture, Types of Mixtures, Solutions., Properties of a Solution, Types of Solutions, Concentration of solution, Expressing Concentration of Solutions, Suspension, Properties of a Suspension, Colloidal Solution, Properties of a Colloid, Common examples of colloids, Mixtures, Methods of separation–handpicking, Threshing, Winnowing, Sedimentation, Decantation, Sieving, Filtration, Sublimation, Chromatography, Distillation and fractional distillation, Evaporation, Condensation, Use of more than one method of separation, Saturated and unsaturated solutions, Separation of immiscible liquids, Types of Pure Substances – Elements and Compounds.
17. ATOMS AND MOLECULES
Laws of Chemical Combination - Law of Conservation Of Mass, Law of Constant Proportions, Atom, Symbols of Atoms of Different Elements, Atomic Mass, Atomicity, Valency, Molecule, Molecules Of Elements, Molecules Of Compounds, Ion – Cation & Anion, Polyatomic ions, Names and symbols of ions, Formation of ions, Writing Chemical Formulae, Molecular Mass, Molar mass, Formula Unit Mass, Structure of The Atom, Subatomic particles, Charged Particles in Matter, Thomson’s Model of an Atom, Rutherford’s Model of an Atom, Bohr’s Model of an Atom, Bohr-Sommerfeld model of an atom, Neutrons, Distribution of electrons into different Orbits, Atomic Number and Mass Number, Isotopes, Isobars, Atomic line spectra, Planck’s quantum theory, Quantum numbers, Shapes of orbitals, Electronic Configuration, Pauli Exclusion Principle, Aufbau principle, Hund’s Rule.
18. CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS-THE PERIODIC TABLE
Dobereiner’s law of Triads, Newlands’ law of Octaves, Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, Modern Periodic Table, Periodic properties of the elements and their gradation in the modern periodic table.
19. CHEMICAL BONDING
Lewis dot structures, Covalency, Electronic theory of valence by Lewis and Kossel, Octet rule, Ionic and Covalent bonds, Ionic and Covalent compounds, Bond lengths and Bond energies of covalent bonds, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, Valence bond theory, Hybridisation.
20. METALS AND NON METALS
Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals, Uses of Metals and Non-metals, Examples of metals and non-metals, Reactivity order of metals.
21. SYNTHETIC FIBRES AND PLASTICS
Natural and Synthetic fibres, Preparation and uses, Types of Synthetic Fibres, Characteristics of Synthetic Fibres, Plastics as Materials of Choice, Types of plastics, Plastics and environment, Biodegradable – Non biodegradable materials.
22. COAL AND PETROLEUM
Exhaustible and inexhaustible Resources, Fuels – Types, Coal, Story of Coal, Uses of Coal and Coal products, Refining of petroleum, Petrochemical products in various sectors, Various Constituents of Petroleum and their Uses, Formation of coal and petroleum, Natural Gas, Misuse of Energy resources and Consequences.
23. COMBUSTION FUELS AND FLAME
Combustion, Types of Combustion, Ignition temperature, Inflammable substances, Flame, Fuel Efficiency, Burning of Fuels Leads to Harmful Products, Fire control, Structure of flame – colors zones – Intensities.
24. AIR
Atmosphere, Components of air, Availability of oxygen to plants and animals, Replacement of Oxygen in the Atmosphere.
25. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS
Natural acid-base indicators, Synthetic acid-base Indicators, Olfactory indicators, Universal Indicator, Chemical properties of Acids and Bases, Reaction of Acids and bases with Metals, Reaction of Acids with carbonates and metal hydrogen Carbonates, Neutralization reaction, Reaction of Acids with metal oxides, Reaction of base with non-metal oxide, Production of H+ ions and OH- ions, Electrical conductivity of Acids and Bases, Properties of Bases, Dilution, Strength of acid or base, pH scale, Importance of pH in everyday life, Self defense by animals and plants through chemical warfare, Family of salts, pH of Salts, Chemicals from common salt, Important product from chlor-alkali process and their uses, Water of crystallization, Common salt, Bleaching Powder, Baking soda, Washing soda, Plaster of paris, Gypsum, and their uses.
Intermediate:
PHYSICS
i. Physical World
ii. Units and Measurements
iii. Motion in a Straight Line
iv. Motion in a Plane
v. Laws of Motion
vi. Work, Energy and Power
vii. System of Particles and Rotational Motion
viii. Oscillations
ix. Gravitation
x. Mechanical Properties of Solids
xi. Mechanical Properties of Fluids
xii. Thermal Properties of Matter
xiii. Thermodynamics
xiv. Kinetic Theory
xv. Waves
xvi. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
xvii. Wave Optics
xviii. Electric Charges and Fields
xix. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
xx. Current Electricity
xxi. Moving Charges and Magnetism
xxii. Magnetism and Matter
xxiii. Electromagnetic Induction
xxiv. Alternating Current
xxv. Electromagnetic Waves
xxvi. Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter
xxvii. Atoms
CHEMISTRY
a. Atomic Structure
b. Classification of Elements & Periodicity in Properties
c. Chemical Bonding & Molecular Structure
d. States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
e. Stoichiometry
f. Thermodynamics
g. Chemical Equilibrium & Acids-Bases
h. Hydrogen & it’s compounds
i. s-Block elements (Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals)
j. p-Block Elements Group 13 (Boron family)
k. p-Block Elements Group 14 (Carbon family)
l. Environmental Chemistry
m. Organic Chemistry-Some Basic Principles & Techniques & Hydrocarbons
n. Solid State
o. Solutions
p. Electrochemistry & Chemical Kinetics
q. Surface Chemistry
r. General Principles of Metalillurgy
s. p-Block elements (Group-15,16,17,18 Elements)
t. d & f Block Elements & Coordination Compoounds
u. Polymers
v. Biomolecules
w. Chemistry in Everyday life
x. Halo Alkanes & Haloarenes
y. Organic Compounds containing C, H & O (Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones & Carboxylic acids)
z. Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Part-IV Methodology of concerned subject (Physical Science) :
